Final Exam

Question 1

January 30, 1933

Answer 1

Hitler becomes chancellor
Cabinet: only 3 Nazis, the rest were conservatives like Franz von Papen, this was meant to reduce Hitler’s radicalism (the taming strategy in practice)

Question 2

Dachau

Answer 2

1st concentration camp: near Munich
Slave labor camp: they were all over Germany, workers brought in to produce for the German war effort
Leaders of certain groups were taken here (like the Catholic Church, rival parties, etc.)
Some of the men who were arrested during the Night of Broken Glass were sent there

Question 3

Theodore Eicke

Answer 3

originally in control at Dachau. Encouraged force —> if someone didn’t obey, beat them.
He was then put in control of overseeing camps and ghettos along with other SS leaders

Question 4

Totenkopfverbände

Answer 4

death heads. Theodore Eicke was the leader.

Question 5

Wilhelm Frick

Answer 5

Reich Minister of Interior

architect of the “legal solution”

Question 6

April Laws

Answer 6

part of Frick’s “legal solution”

supposed to put so much pressure on the Jews that they were forced to emigrate

Question 7

Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service

Answer 7

one of the April Laws
cleansing of the civil service of anyone who supported the old gov’t (Weimar Repub.)
Not all Jews, those who served in WWI or descendants of those who died in WWI were exempt
civil servants incl. teachers

Question 8

Alfred Rosenburg

Answer 8

one of those pressuring Hitler to take action after some Jews started returning to Germany because they thought the worst had passed

Question 9

Nuremberg Laws

Answer 9

Every fall Nazis had a national rally
Hitler wanted to announce new foreign policy – olive branch to Italy
Just as this was happening Italy invaded Ethiopia & got kicked out of the League of Nations
At the last minute Hitler had to find a new announcement, comes up with this

Question 10

Reich Citizenship Law

Answer 10

Jews were second class
Could not participate in the life of the state (volk)

Question 11

Laws for the Protection of German Blood

Answer 11

Jews and non-Jews could not have sex outside marriage, nor could they marry each other
Any woman under 40 not allowed to work for Jews (seduction, rape)
Couldnt use movie theaters, public bath houses/pools, or parks
Part of the legal solution!

Question 12

Mischling

Answer 12

“crossbreed”

person who had both Jewish and Aryan blood

Question 13

Hermann Göring

Answer 13

wanted to unify police under himself, lost to Heydrich
Goes after economy instead
Advocates for Aryanization
Wants to use this wealth to fund German rearmament

Question 14

4 Year Plan

Answer 14

Get Germany ready for self sufficiency in a 4 year span

Question 15

Aryanization

Answer 15

transfer of Jewish wealth/property/assets to Aryan control

Question 16

Lebenstraum

Answer 16

“living space”
the expansion that the Nazis did over land
gaining more space for people to live

Question 17

Anschluss

Answer 17

“union” between Germany and Austria when Germany annexed Austria

Question 18

Evian Conference

Answer 18

conference held to discuss German treatment of Jews

quotas were set up for Jews, countries would not take any more

Question 19

Herschel Gryngszpan

Answer 19

German Jew
assassinated German diplomat in Paris
Act incited intense porgrom

Question 20

Joseph Goebbels

Answer 20

Reich Propaganda Minister
Didnt serve in WWI
Wanted to be a poet but wasnt successful
Became a bank clerk – realized how financially powerful Jews were
Rejected art for art – thuoght it needed to be for political gain
People should want to attack Jews

Question 21

Crystal Night

Answer 21

aka Night of Broken Glass
aka November Pogrom
SA descended on Jewish quarters of all the cities
Property was destroyed
People beaten – fire dept. and police told not to respond
Did not have popular uptake like they hoped

Question 22

November Laws

Answer 22

1. insurance companies were not responsible for the things lost in Crystal Night
2. fine placed on Jews who were taken into “protective custody” – would not be released until the fine was paid
3. increased speed of Aryanization

Question 23

Reichstag Speech of January 30, 1939

Answer 23

if Jewish financiers plunged the world into another world war, the end result would not be Bolshevism, but the end of the Jewish race in Europe

Question 24

T-4 Program

Answer 24

kill all the physically and mentally disabled

“unworthy of life”

Question 25

Christian Wirth

Answer 25

Oversaw the T-4 Program with other SS leaders

Question 26

Karl Brandt

Answer 26

Hitler's personal physician | Carried out the "mercy killings" of the T-4 Program

Question 27

Nazi Soviet Non Aggression Pact

Answer 27

``` aka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 1. nonaggression 2. nonalignment 3. benevolent neutrality secret part: 1/3 of Poland goes to Russia when Ger. attacks ```

Question 28

Reinhard Heydrich

Answer 28

very high ranking SS official | Reich Central Security Office (RSHA) leader

Question 29

Reich Central Security Office

Answer 29

aka RSHA | combined all the police/military forces under Heydrich's control

Question 30

Security Service

Answer 30

aka SD | intelligence agency of the SS

Question 31

Operation Tannenburg

Answer 31

plan to exterminate Polish Jews

Question 32

Warthegau

Answer 32

Polish territory annexed by Germany in 1939 after invasion

Question 33

Nisko Project

Answer 33

Plan to set up a reservation in Lublin for Jews being relocated in Poland Zone 3

Question 34

Hans Frank

Answer 34

governor of General Government Poland | Opposed population resettlement because he didnt want his portion of Poland to become a dumping ground

Question 35

General Gov't Poland

Answer 35

Second Zone in plan for population rearrangement in Poland during occupation

Question 36

Lodz

Answer 36

First ghetto Opened Mach 1940 last to be liquidated

Question 37

Chiam Rumkowski

Answer 37

Leader of the Jewish Council in the Lodz ghetto | Thought everyone should work hard for the Germans so they were indispensible

Question 38

"Heim ins Reich"

Answer 38

"back to the Reich" | Foreign policy towards ethnic Germans

Question 39

Reich Commission for the Strengthening of Germandom

Answer 39

Part of the population resettlement

Question 40

Heinrich Himmler

Answer 40

high ranking SS official Wanted to implement the final solution Those who could work would until they had nothing left to offer Those who could not work were not important (essentially kill them immediately)

Question 41

Madagascar Plan

Answer 41

Nazi plan for relocation -- send all the Jews to Madagascar

Question 42

June 22, 1941

Answer 42

Operation Barbarossa | Invasion of the Soviet Union

Question 43

Einzatsgruppen

Answer 43

Originally mean to kill commissars in the Soviet Union | Ended up killing mass numbers of Jews as well, right alongside commissars

Question 44

Commissar Decree

Answer 44

shoot them on sight

Question 45

Arthur Nebe

Answer 45

Part of the SS Part of Einsatzgruppe B Attempted assassination of Himmler

Question 46

Directive of July 31, 1941

Answer 46

Issued by Göring (allegedly) to Heydrich to look into what it would take to implement the final solution

Question 47

Babi Yar

Answer 47

Was the largest massacre to date | People shot and fell into the ravine at Babi Yar (Ukraine)

Question 48

Wannsee Conference

Answer 48

Present findings of the feasibility study for what supplies would be necessary for the final solution in Europe

Question 49

Sonderkommandos

Answer 49

1: make transition easy, east people as they are taken into the camp -- essentially lie to them and tell them it would all be okay 2: those who worked in the crematorium, all males, chosed for stature -- made people get into gas chambers and disrobe, then had to dispose of the bodies

Question 50

I.G. Farben

Answer 50

chemical company -- manufactured artificial rubber for the Nazis because they were lacking in imports of rubber so they needed to make it themselves

Question 51

Operation Reinhard

Answer 51

all the Jews in Europe -- get them

Question 52

Chelmno

Answer 52

Used until the other 3 death camps were up and running

Question 53

Celzcek

Answer 53

one of the camps used in Operation Reinhard

Question 54

Sobibor

Answer 54

one of the camps in Operation Reinhard

Question 55

Treblinka

Answer 55

one of the camps in Operation Reinhard