Final Exam Flashcards
(36 cards)
fervent patriots who seized power in the revolution of 1908, forcing the conservative sultan to implement reforms; they helped pave the way for the birth of modern secular Turkey
Young Turks
People of Spanish descent born in the Americas
Creole
Term referring to the political and economic systems that perpetuated Western economic domination of nations after their political independence.
Neocolonialism
The officers and jailers who tried to establish a colonial gentry and impose rigid class distinctions from England.
Exclusionists
The lower strata of the Australian social order in the mid-ninteenth century, made up of former convicts.
Emancipists
Fighting behind rows of trenches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory
Trench Warfare
Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
Total War
The majority group; this was Lenin’s camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
Bolsheviks
The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
War Communism
The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaningless of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
Existentialism.
Freudian term for the ingrained moral values, which specify what a person should do.
Superego
The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.
Functionalism.
A Jewish collective farm on which each member shared equally in the work, rewards, and defense.
Kibbutz
Loosely translated as “soul force,”which Gandhi believed was the means of striving for truth and social justice through love, suffering, and conversion of the opressor
Satyagraha
Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s plan to reform capitalism through forceful government intervention in the economy.
New Deal
A New Deal-inspired party in France that encouraged unions and launched a far-reaching program of social reform.
Popular Front
A radical dictatorship that exercises complete political power and control over all aspects of society and seeks to mobilize the masses for action.
Totalitarianism
A movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, antisocialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of the war and the military.
Facism
Launched by Stalin in 1928 and termed the “revolution from above,”its goal was to modernize the Soviet Union and generate a Communist society with new attitudes, new loyalties, and a new socialist humanity.
Five-Year Plan
Stalin’s forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state controlled enterprises.
Collectivization
An act pushed through the Reichstag by the Nazis that gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for four years.
Enabling Act
“Lightning war” using planes, tanks, and trucks, first used by Hitler to crush Poland in four weeks.
Blitzkrieg
The attempted systematic extermination of all European Jews and other “undesirables” by the Nazi state During World War II.
Holocaust
U.S. Policy to contain communism to areas already occupied by the Red Army.
Truman Doctrine
