Final Exam

Question 1

Describe dictatorship

Answer 1

Single ruler, supreme power, military
Pros: efficient, maintain peace and order
Cons: abuse opposition, too powerful
Ex: Cuba

Question 2

Describe monarchy

Answer 2

Single ruler, supreme power, hereditary/divine right
Pros: efficient, clear succession, unified loyalty
Cons: one leader is not like the other, old fashioned
Ex: UK

Question 3

Describe theocracy

Answer 3

Lead by religious leaders
Pros: political/social unity, politics in line with moral values
Cons: difficult to enforce, minorities left out/persecuted
Ex: Iran

Question 4

Describe free enterprise/free market/market economy

Answer 4

Decisions about production made via buyers/sellers
Pros: efficient, competition, individual ownership
Cons: instability, unequal distribution of wealth

Question 5

Describe command economy

Answer 5

Decisions about production determined by central government
Pros: full employment, price control, stability, distribute wealth
Cons: little incentive to work hard, government planners not as efficient/in touch

Question 6

Describe mixed/socialist economy

Answer 6

Decisions about production made by government (essential) and private (small)
Pros: same values oil the machine, provide for self
Cons: low standard of living, limited access to goods/services

Question 7

What is infrastructure?

Answer 7

The fundamental facilities and systems serving a country such as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

Question 8

Why is infrastructure important to a country’s economy? Can a place have a strong economy without a strong infrastructure?

Answer 8

Infrastructure is important to an economy because it’s the foundation and support system of a strong economy. Without a strong infrastructure, a place cannot have a strong economy because it contributes to economic growth, productivity, and competition

Question 9

Are natural resources distributed evenly around the planet? How about wealth? What is the connection?

Answer 9

Neither resources nor wealth are distributed evenly around the planet.
If a place has natural resources, then it will be wealthy as well

Question 10

What was the Berlin Conference?

Answer 10

1884, divided Africa between European powers, had to notify each other of planned to control new area, effective occupation, no african leader or representative invited, this plan caused many of the problems Africa has today

Question 11

What were the effects of European colonization in Africa?

Answer 11

Exploitation of land and resources, loss of land, loss of identity, created regional conflicts

Question 12

How did the Europeans cause ethnic tensions?

Answer 12

Europeans put rival ethnic groups between the same country borders and elevated and gave authority to certain groups over others (created resentment)

Question 13

How do you read a cartogram?

Answer 13

Size of land=size of population

Question 14

What is a human rights violation?

Answer 14

A violation of the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled (life, liberty, equality, fair trial, etc)

Question 15

What is a stateless nation?

Answer 15

When a nation does not have an official territory

Ex: Kurds of Kurdistan (Iraq, Iran, Turkey), Chechens (South Russia)

Question 16

Where are Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, and West Bank located? What do they all have in common?

Answer 16

All located in Israel and are all borders

Question 17

What are three major religions have holy sites in Jerusalem?

Answer 17

Christianity, Islam, Judaism

Question 18

What is the Arab Spring?

Answer 18

A series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East in early 2011, began with Tunisian Revolution

Question 19

What was the Cold War?

Answer 19

A constant non-violent state of hostility between the Soviet Union and the U.S.

Question 20

What is the EU?

Answer 20

A group of European countries that participates in the world economy as one economic unit and operates under one official currency (euro)
Political and economic alliance between 28 European member nations, countries agree to give up some of their sovereignty for support and representation, created in aftermath of WW2

Question 21

How has the EU promoted economic cooperation across Europe?

Answer 21

It has operated as an economic unit in the world economy and only has one official common currency

Question 22

What is the purpose of organizations like NAFTA, MERCOSUR, the EU, AND ACTFA?

Answer 22

To create cooperation through free trade and economic support

Question 23

Explain the difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture

Answer 23

Subsistence agriculture: growing food to support one family or multiple families, just to support yourself
Commercial agriculture: growing a ton of food to make a profit

Question 24

What other terms can be used for “Market Economy?”

Answer 24

Free enterprise, free market, capitalism

Question 25

Explain the four levels of economic development

Answer 25

Primary - gathering of raw materials or natural resources, lower level countries (ex: coffee growers) Secondary - processing and manufacturing into a product that can be sold, lower level countries (coffee manufacturers) Tertiary - business and professional services, higher level countries (coffee barista that prepares specialty drink) Quaternary - info and intellectual services (education, research, IT, management), higher level countries (how many cups of coffee were sold in the US this year?)

Question 26

What is outsourcing? Why does it occur?

Answer 26

A practice by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally

Question 27

What are the characteristics of an underdeveloped country?

Answer 27

Primary economic development, primarily agriculture jobs,

Question 28

What are the characteristics of a developing country?

Answer 28

Secondary/tertiary economic development, manufacturing jobs, population not growing as fast, 20-30 birth rate, 15-20 death rate, 15-50 infant mortality, 55-70 life expectancy, 2-3.5 fertility rate, 50-90% literacy

Question 29

What are the characteristics of a developed country?

Answer 29

Tertiary/quaternary economic development, services, slow growing population, 0-15 birth rate,

Question 30

Match the labor force occupation with the type of economy

Answer 30

``` Agriculture economy=underdeveloped Industrial economy=developing Post-industrial economy=developed Mining (labor force)=underdeveloped Farming (labor force)=underdeveloped Service industry (labor force)=developing/developed ```

Question 31

Describe each of the population pyramid stages

Answer 31

Stage 1: high birth rates and high death rates with little to no population growth, underdeveloped, skinny pyramid shape with wide small base Stage 2: high birth rate and lower death rates with with increase in total population, underdeveloped/developing, normal pyramid/triangle shape Stage 3: lower birth rates and lower death rates with decrease or slowed growth in total population, developing/developed, rectangle base with pyramid/triangle on top shape Stage 4: low birth rates and low death rates with very slow or negative population growth, developed, close to all square or rectangle shaped with maybe small triangle on top

Question 32

What is urbanization?

Answer 32

The dramatic rise in the number of cities and changes in lifestyle that result

Question 33

List and describe the 8 factors that affect climate (LACEMOPS)

Answer 33

Latitude - most important factor, equator=hot all year, tropics=vary, circles=cold all year Air masses - maritime=wet, continental=dry, tropical=warm, polar and arctic=cold Continentality - near land=more variation in temps, near water=same temps Elevation - higher=cooler, lower=warmer Mountain barriers - windward (lush, gets rain) and leeward side (doesn't get rain, dry and barren) Ocean currents - temp of current regulates temp of land Pressure cells - alternating belts, low=cold and wet, high=hot and dry Storm tracks - how likely a place is to have extreme weather

Question 34

What happens to the population of a country with a replacement rate less than 2?

Answer 34

Negative population growth

Question 35

What happens to the population of a country with a replacement rate of more than 2?

Answer 35

Positive population growth

Question 36

What happens to the population of a country with a replacement rate of exactly 2?

Answer 36

Neutral/no population growth

Question 37

What similarities do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share?

Answer 37

All believe in one God (monotheistic)

Question 38

What is terraced farming and in what type of environment is it used?

Answer 38

Method of farming that uses "steps" that are built into the side of a mountain or his. Usually used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain

Question 39

What are some problems caused by China's high population?

Answer 39

Pollution, shortages, not enough jobs, etc

Question 40

What has the government done in China to help solve the population problems?

Answer 40

Implemented the one-child policy

Question 41

What is cultural diffusion?

Answer 41

Spread of cultural beliefs/social activities from one group to another

Question 42

What is the difference between absolute and relative location?

Answer 42

Absolute location: exactly where something is located (ex: latitude and longitude coordinates, address, room number, etc) Relative location: use external things to describe a location (ex: near sonic)

Question 43

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Answer 43

Climate: long-term Weather: short-term

Question 44

What is the difference between push and pull factors?

Answer 44

Push factors: push people away due to negative factors (ex: natural disasters, war, corruption, persecution, etc) Pull factors: pull people to a new country due to positive factors (ex: money, opportunities, etc)

Question 45

What types of physical features have the highest population densities and why?

Answer 45

Coasts and water sources due to climate and access to water and goods/resources (ports)

Question 46

Describe democracy

Answer 46

Elect lawmakers and president pros: separation of branches and separation of powers, set terms Cons: stuck with representatives for entire term, gridlock Ex: USA