Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

____ is most common on lower lip

A

Mucocele (Extravasation type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Differential diagnosis depends on depth of lesion
Blue if superficial
White if deep

A

Mucocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does NOT occur on the gingiva

A

Mucocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ only occurs on the floor of the mouth

A

Ranula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the etiology of the mucus extravasation phenomenon?

A

Trauma - results in the escaping of mucous into the surrounding connective tissue, resulting in an inflammatory reaction (Neutrophils and Macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 4 differential diagnoses for a Mucocele?

A

Fibroma
Benign mesenchymal tumor
Hemangioma
Hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you tell the difference between a mucocele and a benign tumor?

A

Benign tumors do not fluctuate in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for a Mucocele?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the etiology of a mucous retention cyst?

A

Obstruction of salivary flow due to a sialolith, impinging tumor, or periductal scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is more common?
Mucous retention cyst
Mucous extravasation phenomenon

A

Mucous extravasation phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the most likely location of a mucous retention cyst? (This location NEVER exhibits the extravasation phenomenon)

A

Upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is there pain on eating due to a salivary duct cyst?

A

Because the saliva is stopped and cannot be excreted, causing pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two divisions of a mucocele?

A

Mucous extravasation

Mucous retention cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a “plunging ranula”

A

When mucin penetrates musculature and escapes into soft tissues in the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cells contribute to the inflammatory response due to mucin extravasation of a mucocele?

A

Neutrophils and Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for a mucocele?

A

Surgical excision
or
Removal of associated minor salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are two divisions of Maxillary sinus cysts?

A

Retention cysts - Blockage of antral sero-mucous gland

Pseudocysts - inflammation due to fluid accumulation within the sinus membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the epithelial difference between a Maxillary retention cyst and a Maxillary Psuedocyst?

A

Retention cyst – Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with occasional mucous cells

Pseudocyst – NO evidence of epithelial lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are three differential diagnoses for Maxillary sinus cysts?

A

Polyps
Sinus lining hyperplasia
Neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for a Maxillary sinus cyst?

A

No treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Necrotizing Sialometaplasia is a ____ condition but appears ____

A

Benign; Malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is Necrotizing Sialometaplasia normally found?

A

The junction of the soft and hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the initiating event of Necrotizing Sialometaplasia?

A

Ischemia

  • Trauma
  • Surgical manipulation
  • Local anesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the histological transformation that occurs in Necrotizing Sialometaplasia?

A

Salivary duct epithelium goes from Cuboidal –> Stratified Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Histopathology of Necrotizing Sialometaplasia shows ____ necrosis of the salivary gland acinar units

A

Coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Differential diagnoses for Necrotizing Sialometaplasia include:

A 
SCC
Salivary gland neoplasm
Syphilitic gummas
Deep fungal infections
Subacute necrotizing sialadenitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the treatment for Necrotizing Sialometaplasia?

A

Biopsy
Irrigation/Baking soda rinse
NSAID’s
Healing by secondary intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mumps is caused by the ____ virus

A

Paramyxovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mumps is transmitted via ____

A

Direct contact with salivary droplets

30
Q

What is possibly the most important physical change in Mumps patients?

A

Bilateral swelling of the Parotid gland (70%)

31
Q

What physical symptoms may someone with Mumps exhibit notice?

A 
Fever
Malaise
Periauricular pain
Trismus
Headache
Chills
32
Q

What serious complications of Mumps can occur in adults?

A 
Oophoritis
Orchitis
Viral encephalitis
Myocarditis
Nephritis
33
Q

What is the treatment for Mumps?

A

Symptomatic (Pain, NSAIDs)

Vaccination to prevent disease

34
Q

What populations are affected by Cytomegaloviral Sialadenitis and how?

A

Neonates - transplacental infection

    • Developmental retardation
    • Premature death

Adults - Immunocompromised, HIV, AIDS
– Aphtous like ulcers (LOTS)

35
Q

What is the treatment for Cytomegaloviral Sialadenitis?

A

Ganciclovir

36
Q

A Maxillary Sinus Cyst frequently/rarely causes palpable buccal expansion

A

Rarely

37
Q

What are the causative organisms in Bacterial Sialadenitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus viridians
Streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

Bacterial Sialadenitis is most common in which gland?

A

Parotid gland

39
Q

What is the usual treatment for Bacterial Sialadenitis?

A

Penicillin

Antibiotic based on culture

40
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for bilateral parotid gland enlargement?

A 
Mumps
HIV/AIDS
Sarcoidosis
Sjögren's syndrome
Metabolic sialadenosis
Salivary gland neoplasms
41
Q

What is the etiology of Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

It is autoimmune

42
Q

What are three conditions Sjögren’s syndrome is associated with?

A

Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Rheumatoid arthritis

43
Q

What condition might Primary Sjögren’s be affiliated with?

A

Lymphoreticular malignancy

44
Q

What would be some laboratory findings of Sjögren’s syndrome?

A 
Increased ESR
Eosinophilia
Increased autoantibodies
anti-SSA, anti-SSB, antinuclear antibodies
Rheumatoid factor
45
Q

Nuclear imaging of Sjögren’s displays what characteristic finding?

A

Punctuate sialectasia

“Fruit-laden branchless tree”

46
Q

What is significant about a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

They are 40x more likely to develop lymphoma than the general populatin

47
Q

What are some treatments for Sjögren’s?

A

Oral management = Symptomatic
Oral hygiene
Fluoride
Sialogogues

48
Q

Salivary gland tumors are most common in which gland?

A

Parotid gland

49
Q

Which salivary gland tumor has the highest percentage of malignant transformation?

A

Sublingual gland

50
Q

Which is the most common tumor of the major and minor salivary glands?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

– 50% of all intraoral minor salivary gland tumors

51
Q

What is Pleomorphic adenoma characterized by?

A

Proliferation of ductal or myoepithelial features

52
Q

What is the most common location of a pleomorphic adenoma?

A

Soft palate

53
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for Pleomorphic adenoma?

A 
Fibroma
Salivary gland tumor (Monomorphic adenoma)
Mesenchymal tumor
Salivary duct cyst
Nasolabial cyst
54
Q

Myoepithelial cells are responsible for resembling which type of cell in pleomorphic adenomas?

A

Plasmacytoid cells

55
Q

What is the recommended treatment for pleomorphic adenoma?

A

Surgical excision

– NO enucleation (will increase risk of recurrence)

56
Q

What is the composition of a monomorphic adenoma?

A

Uniform epithelial cells

57
Q

What are two types of monomorphic adenomas?

A 
Basal cell adenoma (More common in males)
Canalicular adenoma (More common in females)
58
Q

Where is the most common location of monomorphic adenomas?

A

Parotid gland

59
Q

Where does Mucoepidermoid carcinoma occur?

A

Can occur anywhere

– Most commonly = The palate

60
Q

Which gland is most commonly affected?

A

Parotid gland

61
Q

What are some characteristics of Mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

Can affect young patients
Can results in swelling
Looks clinically identical to pleomorphic adenoma
Has varied biologic behavior: Low-High grade

62
Q

What is characteristic of “high-grade” mucoepidermoid carcinomas?

A

Facial nerve involvement

63
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A 
Palatal abscess
Salivary gland tumor
Nasopalatine duct cyst
Mesenchymal tumors
Lymphoma
Metastatic tumor
64
Q

What is the histological difference between low-grade and high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

Low grade

    • Many mucous cells
    • Few epidermoid cells
    • Many cysts
    • Little atypia
    • Minimal necrosis and mitoses

High grade

    • Few mucous cells
    • Many epidermoid cells
    • Few cysts
    • Abundant atypia
    • Marked necrosis and mitoses
65
Q

How does a patient’s prognosis change between low-grade and high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

Low-grade: 95% survival at 5 years

High-grade: 40% survival at 5 years

66
Q

What is the treatment for Mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

Surgical excision

– High grade = Add post-operative radiotherapy and possible neck dissection

67
Q

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a ____-grade malignancy

A

ACC is a high-grade malignancy

68
Q

What may be a complaint of a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma?

A

Numbness or paresthesia

69
Q

Where do most adenoid cystic carcinomas occur?

A

Minor salivary glands

70
Q

How can the histologic appearance of adenoid cystic carcinoma be described?

A

ACC looks like “Swiss cheese” under the microscope

71
Q

What is the treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma?

A

Parotid gland: Wide resection – Superficial parotidectomy or Superficial and deep lobectomy

Intraorally: Wide surgical resection with removal of underlying bone + Radiation

72
Q

What is the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma at 5 and 15 years?

A

70% 5 year survival

10% 15 year survival

Pathology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions