Final Exam Flashcards
(65 cards)
Women’s strategies to cope with work and family dilemmas include…
Demographic, occupational, and situational
What do demographic strategies focus on?
They focus on the family and include women’s decisions and plans concerning marriage and fertility.
- Delay children and marriage, and “marrying down”
What do occupational strategies focus on?
They focus on the workplace, women’s work arrangements, and career choices and aspirations
- Choose jobs that accommodate family obligations
What do situational strategies focus on?
They are aimed at coping with and improving the situation at hand.
- Hiring out and efficient time management
Sexual harassment involves everything from ___ to ___.
From creating a “hostile environment” via sexual innuendo or blatant vulgarities
To unwelcome touching, unwanted and persistent advances, promising promotions for engaging in sexual activity, and attempted rape
The women’s movement recognized that…
The idea of gender equality must be actively promoted, both at the institutional and personal levels, and that ideas promoting gender inequality must be actively resisted.
What was the backlash against the women’s movement?
The backlash against the women’s movement included the anti-feminists’ attack against the Roe v. Wade decision; there was also a volatile atmosphere surrounding the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
What is feminism?
The advocacy of women’s rights on the ground of political, social, and economic equality to men.
What is intersectionality?
The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
What is the wealth gap?
Refers to the unequal distribution of assets among residents of the United States. Wealth includes the values of homes, automobiles, personal valuables, businesses, savings, and investments.
What is the debt anchor?
It acts to prevent aspiring savers from accessing many of the components of the wealth escalator. Women are more likely to be affected by the debt anchor due to their higher interest rates on their debts.
What is the wealth escalator?
Describes the variety of legal, institutional, and societal mechanisms that help some convert income into wealth at a much faster pace than is possible by savings alone.
Functionalist paradigm
Separation of men and women in to a public and private sphere
Structural approach
It questions the assumptions that the choice is free and points instead to the constraints imposed by society. Its focus is on basic societal institutions, such as:
- Organizations, religion, the family, the law, and practices of the economy are responsible for women getting into low-wage jobs
- Passes judgement on the structure instead of the victim, and it suggests a different strategy for improving women’s labor-force status
Social problem model
The social problem model asks why women work (implies acceptance of women’s traditional place “at home”; contrasts cultural norm that men ordinarily work throughout their lives; unusual factors influence women into the labor force such as being single, child-free, divorced, having a low income)
Many women enjoy their work, and state that they would work even if they didn’t need to. They display few psychological distress symptoms and have greater feelings of competence and self-fulfillment. They are found to be more assertive, more involved in the family’s financial planning, and receive greater respect from their children and husbands.
Superwoman model
The woman who can
- Make a full, nourishing breakfast for her wonderful well-dressed children
- Then go to work and chair a meeting of the board of trustees in the morning, and meet with new clients during the course of the afternoon
- After work, she comes home to cook and serve a gourmet dinner for her family
- She is a woman who entertains in her spotless house, and has a warm, nonproblematic relationship with her husband
Gender socialization
Each society emphasizes particular roles that each sex should play, although there is wide latitude in acceptable behavior for each gender. It generates inequalities between the sexes in income, prestige, power, and life choices in general.
What is the glass ceiling?
The barrier that prevents many women from attaining the most powerful, the most prestigious, and the highest-paying jobs in work organizations.
What is the second shift?
Social science research indicates that to combine work and family life during the course of us one year, women must work the equivalent of an extra month of twenty-four work days compared to men.
Who was the author of “The Feminine Mystique”? What is it known for?
Betty Friedan. The Feminine Mystique was known for influencing the beginning of the second-wave feminism in the U.S. It discusses the lives of several housewives who were unhappy and unsatisfied with solely taking care of the home.
Individualistic approach
Women’s inferior economic position implies that the individual is the locus of the problem and that therefore the solution to the problem lies within the individual.
Human Capital Theory
Women do not invest in qualities–education, training, or job-related experience–that lead to a “return on investment” in the labor market.
Dual Labor Market Theory
Primary sector & Secondary sector
Sectors further divided into tiers (upper and lower tiers)
“Crowding” effect—women crowding the lower-tier primary sector
The Equal Pay Act of 1963
It stipulates that men and women must receive equal pay on jobs for which performance requires equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and which are performed under similar working conditions.
