Final Exam Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
Serpent
A
Predecessor of the Tuba, low register instrument
2
Q
Posaune
A
German for trombone
3
Q
Jägertrumpet/jägerhorn
A
“Hunting,” coiled instrument
4
Q
Shofar
A
Jewish ceremony, Ram’s horn
5
Q
Sackbut
A
Predecessor to trombone
6
Q
Zugtrompete
A
German, slide trumpet (none survived)
7
Q
Waldhorn
A
“Forest horn”, natural horn
8
Q
Bombardon
A
Name for early tuba
9
Q
Kameradenschaft
A
Trumpet guild of the baroque era
10
Q
Consort
A
Family of instruments
11
Q
Tromba da tirarsi
A
Italian for slide trumpet
12
Q
Wait
A
English equivalent to stadtpfeifer, policemen or firemen with instruments
13
Q
Syntagma Musicum II - M. Praetorius (1618-1619)
A
Important book because it showed what instruments of the 1600s looked like with amazingly detailed pictures.
14
Q
G. Gabrielli - Sacrae Symphonie (Sonata pian’ e forte) (1597)
A
First well-known use of dynamics and specific instrumentation.
15
Q
John Adson - Courtly Masquing Ayres (1611)
A
A wait in England; some of the first pieces written solely for brass
16
Q
Modo per impare a sonore di tromba- G. Fantini (1638)
A
Treatise on how to make a sound on the trumpet
17
Q
Wagner Tuba
A
Wagner, Bruckner, Stravinsky, Holst all wrote parts in
Range between trombone and French Horn
18
Q
Keyed trumpet
A
Used by Weidinger; Haydn and Hummel wrote concertos for it.
19
Q
J. Hampel- ca. 1750
A
Credited with development of hand horn technique.
20
Q
Stadtpfeifer
A
German term, city trumpeter
Often played on the walls
21
Q
Pommel
A
Ball on natural trumpet. Unsure of purpose
22
Q
F. Blümhel
A
One of the creators of the valve, w/ Stölzel
23
Q
J. Pezel
A
Stadtpfeifer who wrote early brass quartets and quintets
24
Q
Trompe de chasse
A
French; hunting horn
25
Anton Weidinger
Virtuoso trumpet player of Haydn and Hummel's time
26
Giovanni Punto (Jan Vaclav Stich, birth name)
Horn virtuoso and world-renowned soloist in the classical era
27
Adolphe Sax
B flat - E flat alternating sizes developed, marketed brass instruments in the 1840s-late 1800s
28
Cornu
Roman brass instrument, larger version of the Latuus
29
Musica Getutscht - S. Virdung
Art depicting musical instruments
30
Lur
Viking instrument made to scare the enemy (Scandinavia)
31
Oliphant
Elephant's tusk (Charlemagne charged into battle with one)
32
Zink
Instrument in the cornet family
33
Cornetto
Ancestor to the cornet
34
Lituus
Roman instrument, u-shaped horn with a string made for slinging it over your shoulder when not playing.
35
Buccina
Roman instrument that resembles a mini sousaphone
36
Tuba
Roman instrument, looked like a short trumpet and was straight out from the player.
37
Helicon
Sousaphone type instrument that could be worn while riding horses.
38
Omnitonic horn
Chromatic - many attempts were made at this (lead pipes, crook changes, different methods)
39
Principal
The lower range of the trumpet parts, under the clarino
40
Daniel Speer
Famous Stadtpfeifer
41
Claudio Monteverdi - Orfeo (1607)
Early example of art music, first time trumpets and trombones were used in an opera.
42
Tutta l'arte della trombe- C. Bendinelli (1614)
Trumpet treatise
43
Versuch einer Anleitung... - J. E. Altenburg (1795)
History of sorts of the Stadtpfeifer, trumpet and timpani parts
44
Ophicleide
Descendant of the serpent, ancestor of the modern tuba
45
Cor de chasse
Italian, hunting horn
46
Clarino
Higher register of the natural trumpet, above principal
47
Posthorn
Announced the arrival of the post
48
H. Stölzel
Joint patent with F. Blümhel on valves (in 1818)
49
G. Reiche
Bach's virtuosic trumpeter in Leipzig
50
Corno di caccia
German, hunting horn
51
Russian bassoon
Descendant of the serpent, made of wood
52
Didjeridu
Australian ancient instrument
53
Posaunenchor
German for trombone choir, now attached to public schools (even today in Pennsylvania)
54
Wenzel Cerveny
Widened the bell to the tuba, a big improvement in the instrument's history.
55
Differences between baroque and modern instruments
Baroque - no valves, smaller bell, smaller bore, longer length (trumpet), often had crooks for different keys, no stocking on baroque trombone
Modern - valves, larger bell and bore, shorter length (trumpet), stocking (trombone) and water keys added
56
Musical significance of brass instruments during various historical eras
Baroque period - trumpet was the solo instrument, Daniel Speer, one example
Classical period - horn solo instrument, Giovanni Punto was the most famous
57
Important works featuring brass in music history
Gabrielli - Sacrae Symphonie (Sonata pian' e forte) (1597)
Claudio Monteverdi - Orfeo (1607)
John Adson - Courtly Masquing Ayres (1611)
58
Playing position for each instrument
Trumpet - 2 C's with your hands, no pinky ring, 50/50 lip in mouthpiece or more top if needed
Horn - use pinky ring, hand in bell, back of hand against the bell, to knuckles, more upper lip in the mouthpiece
Trombone - pistol shape to grip slide with left hand, two fingers against thumb on brace, right hand; 50/50 mouthpiece, maybe more top
Tuba/euph - bring the instrument to your body (i.e. Shelf liner), left hand moves slide to tune, right hand valves
59
Professional level instruments
Trumpet: Bach Stradivarius, Yamaha Xeno
Horn: Conn 8D, Alexander 103
Trombone: Conn 88H, Bach 42B
Euphonium: Wilson 2900, Miraphone 5050
Tuba: BNS PT6, Meinl Weston Thor
60
Student mouthpieces
Tpt: Bach 7C, 5C
Horn: Holton Farkas MC, Conn 7BW
Tbn: Bach 5G, Bach 6 1/2 AL
Euph: Bach 5G, Bach 6 1/2 AL
Tuba: Bach 24AW, Conn Helleburg
61
Trumpet pedagogy: 3rd slide use, jazz band/marching band, various instruments
The more tubing added, the more sharp the partial, 13 and 123 need a lot of third slide, 23 not so much because it is usually overcompensated and naturally flat.
Jazz and marching can require higher register playing, important to monitor pressure used and keep it from getting too extreme.
Trumpet players often need B flat, C, E flat, Piccolo, and Flugelhorn depending on the situation. Also baroque trumpet or cornet for certain veins of playing
62
Horn pedagogy
Stopped horn: used for certain tone color, goes down one harmonic in the key a half step up, sounds half step up, needs to be sealed or it will be sharp
Double horn: like trombone trigger, drops a fourth - B flat and F sides, switch to B flat side above written G# in the staff
Mouthpiece placement - more upper than lower lip, say poo
Bass clef notation - need to know, because of lower register excerpts
63
Trombone/bass trombone pedagogy
Legato tongue - two schools: use natural slurs when possible, can be less accurate; legato tongue everything, can lose the sound of a natural slur
Use of slide - want a quick fluid motion, move with wrist, not whole arm
Trigger use - can help mitigate extreme slide motion requirements by playing the same note on a different partial with the trigger
Clefs - often have to read in bass, tenor, and alto clefs
64
Tuba/Euphonium/Sousaphone pedagogy
Motivation - student can get bored in class, need to give them tough and interesting material in lessons
Breathing problems - important to know where and how to breathe when playing the large instruments as they require more air
Tuba sizes - four main sizes are F and E flat (for solo literature), C (for orchestra), and BB flat (beginners in wind band, European groups)
Careers - especially for euphonium, it may be a good idea to specialize in a secondary instrument (i.e. Trombone) to be more marketable.
65
Important teachers and players (3 each)
Tpt: Maurice André, William Vacchiano, Wynton Marsalis
Horn: Dennis Brain, Philip Farkas, James Thatcher, Barry Tuckwell
Tbn: Arthur Pryor, Denis Wick, Jay Friedmann, Joe Alessi, Christian Lindberg
Euph: Katrina Marzella, William Bell, Arthur Leman
Tuba: Arnold Jacobs, Harvey Philips, Roger Bobo, Oystein Baadsvik
66
Important pedagogical books (2/instrument)
Tpt: Keith Johnson, Art of Trumpet Playing
Delbert Dale, Trumpet Technique
Horn: Philip Farkas, The Art of Horn Playing
Barry Tuckwell, The Horn
Tbn: Edward Kleinhammer - The Art of Trombone Playing
Denis Wick - Trombone Technique
Tuba/Euph: Harold Brasch - The Euphonium and 4-valve brass
Clifford Bevin - Tuba Family
