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Brass pedagogy > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Serpent

A

Predecessor of the Tuba, low register instrument

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2
Q

Posaune

A

German for trombone

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3
Q

Jägertrumpet/jägerhorn

A

“Hunting,” coiled instrument

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4
Q

Shofar

A

Jewish ceremony, Ram’s horn

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5
Q

Sackbut

A

Predecessor to trombone

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6
Q

Zugtrompete

A

German, slide trumpet (none survived)

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7
Q

Waldhorn

A

“Forest horn”, natural horn

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8
Q

Bombardon

A

Name for early tuba

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9
Q

Kameradenschaft

A

Trumpet guild of the baroque era

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10
Q

Consort

A

Family of instruments

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11
Q

Tromba da tirarsi

A

Italian for slide trumpet

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12
Q

Wait

A

English equivalent to stadtpfeifer, policemen or firemen with instruments

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13
Q

Syntagma Musicum II - M. Praetorius (1618-1619)

A

Important book because it showed what instruments of the 1600s looked like with amazingly detailed pictures.

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14
Q

G. Gabrielli - Sacrae Symphonie (Sonata pian’ e forte) (1597)

A

First well-known use of dynamics and specific instrumentation.

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15
Q

John Adson - Courtly Masquing Ayres (1611)

A

A wait in England; some of the first pieces written solely for brass

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16
Q

Modo per impare a sonore di tromba- G. Fantini (1638)

A

Treatise on how to make a sound on the trumpet

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17
Q

Wagner Tuba

A

Wagner, Bruckner, Stravinsky, Holst all wrote parts in

Range between trombone and French Horn

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18
Q

Keyed trumpet

A

Used by Weidinger; Haydn and Hummel wrote concertos for it.

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19
Q

J. Hampel- ca. 1750

A

Credited with development of hand horn technique.

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20
Q

Stadtpfeifer

A

German term, city trumpeter

Often played on the walls

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21
Q

Pommel

A

Ball on natural trumpet. Unsure of purpose

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22
Q

F. Blümhel

A

One of the creators of the valve, w/ Stölzel

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23
Q

J. Pezel

A

Stadtpfeifer who wrote early brass quartets and quintets

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24
Q

Trompe de chasse

A

French; hunting horn

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25
Q

Anton Weidinger

A

Virtuoso trumpet player of Haydn and Hummel’s time

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26
Q

Giovanni Punto (Jan Vaclav Stich, birth name)

A

Horn virtuoso and world-renowned soloist in the classical era

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27
Q

Adolphe Sax

A

B flat - E flat alternating sizes developed, marketed brass instruments in the 1840s-late 1800s

28
Q

Cornu

A

Roman brass instrument, larger version of the Latuus

29
Q

Musica Getutscht - S. Virdung

A

Art depicting musical instruments

30
Q

Lur

A

Viking instrument made to scare the enemy (Scandinavia)

31
Q

Oliphant

A

Elephant’s tusk (Charlemagne charged into battle with one)

32
Q

Zink

A

Instrument in the cornet family

33
Q

Cornetto

A

Ancestor to the cornet

34
Q

Lituus

A

Roman instrument, u-shaped horn with a string made for slinging it over your shoulder when not playing.

35
Q

Buccina

A

Roman instrument that resembles a mini sousaphone

36
Q

Tuba

A

Roman instrument, looked like a short trumpet and was straight out from the player.

37
Q

Helicon

A

Sousaphone type instrument that could be worn while riding horses.

38
Q

Omnitonic horn

A

Chromatic - many attempts were made at this (lead pipes, crook changes, different methods)

39
Q

Principal

A

The lower range of the trumpet parts, under the clarino

40
Q

Daniel Speer

A

Famous Stadtpfeifer

41
Q

Claudio Monteverdi - Orfeo (1607)

A

Early example of art music, first time trumpets and trombones were used in an opera.

42
Q

Tutta l’arte della trombe- C. Bendinelli (1614)

A

Trumpet treatise

43
Q

Versuch einer Anleitung… - J. E. Altenburg (1795)

A

History of sorts of the Stadtpfeifer, trumpet and timpani parts

44
Q

Ophicleide

A

Descendant of the serpent, ancestor of the modern tuba

45
Q

Cor de chasse

A

Italian, hunting horn

46
Q

Clarino

A

Higher register of the natural trumpet, above principal

47
Q

Posthorn

A

Announced the arrival of the post

48
Q

H. Stölzel

A

Joint patent with F. Blümhel on valves (in 1818)

49
Q

G. Reiche

A

Bach’s virtuosic trumpeter in Leipzig

50
Q

Corno di caccia

A

German, hunting horn

51
Q

Russian bassoon

A

Descendant of the serpent, made of wood

52
Q

Didjeridu

A

Australian ancient instrument

53
Q

Posaunenchor

A

German for trombone choir, now attached to public schools (even today in Pennsylvania)

54
Q

Wenzel Cerveny

A

Widened the bell to the tuba, a big improvement in the instrument’s history.

55
Q

Differences between baroque and modern instruments

A

Baroque - no valves, smaller bell, smaller bore, longer length (trumpet), often had crooks for different keys, no stocking on baroque trombone

Modern - valves, larger bell and bore, shorter length (trumpet), stocking (trombone) and water keys added

56
Q

Musical significance of brass instruments during various historical eras

A

Baroque period - trumpet was the solo instrument, Daniel Speer, one example

Classical period - horn solo instrument, Giovanni Punto was the most famous

57
Q

Important works featuring brass in music history

A

Gabrielli - Sacrae Symphonie (Sonata pian’ e forte) (1597)

Claudio Monteverdi - Orfeo (1607)

John Adson - Courtly Masquing Ayres (1611)

58
Q

Playing position for each instrument

A

Trumpet - 2 C’s with your hands, no pinky ring, 50/50 lip in mouthpiece or more top if needed

Horn - use pinky ring, hand in bell, back of hand against the bell, to knuckles, more upper lip in the mouthpiece

Trombone - pistol shape to grip slide with left hand, two fingers against thumb on brace, right hand; 50/50 mouthpiece, maybe more top

Tuba/euph - bring the instrument to your body (i.e. Shelf liner), left hand moves slide to tune, right hand valves

59
Q

Professional level instruments

A

Trumpet: Bach Stradivarius, Yamaha Xeno

Horn: Conn 8D, Alexander 103

Trombone: Conn 88H, Bach 42B

Euphonium: Wilson 2900, Miraphone 5050

Tuba: BNS PT6, Meinl Weston Thor

60
Q

Student mouthpieces

A

Tpt: Bach 7C, 5C

Horn: Holton Farkas MC, Conn 7BW

Tbn: Bach 5G, Bach 6 1/2 AL

Euph: Bach 5G, Bach 6 1/2 AL

Tuba: Bach 24AW, Conn Helleburg

61
Q

Trumpet pedagogy: 3rd slide use, jazz band/marching band, various instruments

A

The more tubing added, the more sharp the partial, 13 and 123 need a lot of third slide, 23 not so much because it is usually overcompensated and naturally flat.

Jazz and marching can require higher register playing, important to monitor pressure used and keep it from getting too extreme.

Trumpet players often need B flat, C, E flat, Piccolo, and Flugelhorn depending on the situation. Also baroque trumpet or cornet for certain veins of playing

62
Q

Horn pedagogy

A

Stopped horn: used for certain tone color, goes down one harmonic in the key a half step up, sounds half step up, needs to be sealed or it will be sharp

Double horn: like trombone trigger, drops a fourth - B flat and F sides, switch to B flat side above written G# in the staff

Mouthpiece placement - more upper than lower lip, say poo

Bass clef notation - need to know, because of lower register excerpts

63
Q

Trombone/bass trombone pedagogy

A

Legato tongue - two schools: use natural slurs when possible, can be less accurate; legato tongue everything, can lose the sound of a natural slur

Use of slide - want a quick fluid motion, move with wrist, not whole arm

Trigger use - can help mitigate extreme slide motion requirements by playing the same note on a different partial with the trigger

Clefs - often have to read in bass, tenor, and alto clefs

64
Q

Tuba/Euphonium/Sousaphone pedagogy

A

Motivation - student can get bored in class, need to give them tough and interesting material in lessons

Breathing problems - important to know where and how to breathe when playing the large instruments as they require more air

Tuba sizes - four main sizes are F and E flat (for solo literature), C (for orchestra), and BB flat (beginners in wind band, European groups)

Careers - especially for euphonium, it may be a good idea to specialize in a secondary instrument (i.e. Trombone) to be more marketable.

65
Q

Important teachers and players (3 each)

A

Tpt: Maurice André, William Vacchiano, Wynton Marsalis

Horn: Dennis Brain, Philip Farkas, James Thatcher, Barry Tuckwell

Tbn: Arthur Pryor, Denis Wick, Jay Friedmann, Joe Alessi, Christian Lindberg

Euph: Katrina Marzella, William Bell, Arthur Leman

Tuba: Arnold Jacobs, Harvey Philips, Roger Bobo, Oystein Baadsvik

66
Q

Important pedagogical books (2/instrument)

A

Tpt: Keith Johnson, Art of Trumpet Playing
Delbert Dale, Trumpet Technique

Horn: Philip Farkas, The Art of Horn Playing
Barry Tuckwell, The Horn

Tbn: Edward Kleinhammer - The Art of Trombone Playing
Denis Wick - Trombone Technique

Tuba/Euph: Harold Brasch - The Euphonium and 4-valve brass
Clifford Bevin - Tuba Family

Brass pedagogy (2 decks)

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