Final Exam

Question 1

Sexual Orientation

Answer 1

Who you are attracted to

Question 2

Sexual Behavior

Answer 2

Who you engage in sexual activity with

Question 3

Sexual Identity

Answer 3

How you see yourself

Question 4

Gender Binary

Answer 4

You are either one or the other

Male-body masculine or Female-body feminine

Question 5

Why do people choose to follow the “rules” of gender?

Answer 5

Habit
Pleasure
Status
Simplicity
Policing
Sexuality

Question 6

Hegemonic Masculinity

Answer 6

The dominant form of masculinity in society (most powerful/valued/highest status)
Seen as ideal or viewed as high status
Socially constructed

Question 7

Contrived Carelessness

Answer 7

Boys - Carefree attitude towards school, take pride in lack of effort
Girls - Direct considerable care in academic work

Question 8

Gender and Intelligence

Answer 8

Boys = naturally smart
Girls = have to work hard

Question 9

Emphasized Femininity

Answer 9

Pressure to look attractive to define yourself and other females in terms and appearance
Women have to adapt to the fact that men have more power
Accept subordinate, supportive, dependent roles

Question 10

Deviance

Answer 10

Negative violation of a norm, socially disapproved behavior/status/belief
Some deviance is trivial or informal

Question 11

Crime

Answer 11

Deviant behavior that breaks a law

Question 12

Functions of Deviance

Answer 12

1) Affirms values and norms
2) Clarifies moral boundaries
3) Brings people together
4) Encourages change

Question 13

How does something become deviant?

Answer 13

1) Expectation - the established norm
2) Violation of the norm
3) Reaction to the violation

Question 14

Absolutism

Answer 14

Human behavior falls into one of two categories:
1) Inherently good
2) Obviously improper, immoral, or evil
The attitude toward the person labeled deviant - different from ordinary

Question 15

Problems with absolutism

Answer 15

How do you know something is absolutely wrong?
How do you know someone is deviant?
Often based on stereotypes, not reality

Question 16

Relativism

Answer 16

Deviance is not inherent in any particular act, belief, or condition

Question 17

Context and Deviance

Answer 17

Examples of how change in location or environment can make an act deviant or normal

Question 18

Conscientious Resistance

Answer 18

Gendered behavior in school = compliance and resistance

Question 19

Primary Deviance

Answer 19

Temporary, trivial, or concealed deviant behavior - the person does not see himself as being deviant — Someone begins patterns of eating disorders but does not identify

Question 20

Secondary Deviance

Answer 20

Person continues deviant behavior after being caught and labeled - embraces the deviant label — person identifies as anorexic

Question 21

Role Engulfment

Answer 21

Individual identifies themselves through their deviant identity — gang members

Question 22

Tertiary deviance

Answer 22

Individual accepts the negative deviant label but changes the stigma associated with it to be viewed as positive

Question 23

Labeling theory

Answer 23

When an individual is successfully labeled as deviant - you become more deviant when you are labeled by someone in power

Question 24

Intersectionality

Answer 24

We simultaneously have multiple identities (White, women)
We see the gap between boys and girls, we see that class has influence, but not on gender

Question 25

Strain Theory

Answer 25

Deviance increases when there is strain between culturally defined success and access to legitimate ways to achieve success

Question 26

Conformist

Answer 26

Follow the norms -- go to class and study

Question 27

Innovator

Answer 27

Still want to do well but don't try as hard -- cheater

Question 28

Ritualist

Answer 28

People will do just enough to get by -- just enough to pass

Question 29

Retreatist

Answer 29

Someone who doesn't go to class or care about their grades

Question 30

Rebel

Answer 30

People don't go to college for class -- pro athlete

Question 31

Deterrence Theory

Answer 31

Looks at why people don't commit crime | People engage in deviance if they do not fear punishment

Question 32

Emphasized femininity

Answer 32

pressure to look attractive to define self and other females in terms of appearance men in general have more power and have more subordinate, supportive, and dependent roles

Question 33

Effective punishments of Deterrence

Answer 33

Swift - quick and applied immediately Certain - fairly high likelihood of getting caught Severe - strong enough that people care to avoid it

Question 34

Gender gap

Answer 34

Differences of grades, participation and activity in school, whether or not you care about school --- Girls vs. Boys

Question 35

Lame

Answer 35

Smart "nerdy" group, not known for being "something"

Question 36

Rutter

Answer 36

Unpopular group - stemmed from a group or family that don't take care of themselves physically - irritated with rich

Question 37

Contrived carelessness

Answer 37

Girls care about grades, but guys don't

Question 38

Doing gender

Answer 38

Gender is based upon your actions | You are either feminine or masculine based upon your actions and mannerisms