Final Exam

Question 1

Sexual Orientation

Answer 1

Who you are attracted to

Question 2

Sexual Behavior

Answer 2

Who you engage in sexual activity with

Question 3

Sexual Identity

Answer 3

How you see yourself/what sex you see yourself as

Question 4

Gender Binary

Answer 4

There are two types of people-either male bodied masculine or female bodied feminine

Question 5

Doing Gender

Answer 5

Gender is something we do in interaction. We obey and break instructions about how to be masculine and feminine

Question 6

Socialization

Answer 6

Life long process of learning gender expectations

Question 7

Intersectionality

Answer 7

Oppressive institutions are interconnected. Gender does not compete with other aspects of identity (might be privileged because of race, but not social class)
-Ex: White, female, and heterosexual

Question 8

Deviance

Answer 8

Socially disapproved behavior/status/belief

Question 9

Crime

Answer 9

Deviant behavior that breaks the law

Question 10

How does something become deviant?

Answer 10

1. Expectation: established norm
2. Violation of norm
3. Reaction to violation

Question 11

Absolutism

Answer 11

Human behavior falls into 2 categories:
-Inherently good
-Improper, immoral, or evil
(Problems: Often based on stereotypes (minorities), easy to say something is deviant or wrong if…(gay, drug user, etc.)

Question 12

Relativism

Answer 12

Deviance not inherent in any particular act, belief, or condition (socially constructed)

Question 13

Primary Deviance

Answer 13

Temporary, trivial, or concealed deviant behavior
>Person doesn’t see themselves as deviant
-Ex: Teepeeing someones house, eating disorder because no one knows about it

Question 14

Secondary Deviance

Answer 14

Person continues deviant behavior after being caught and labeled
>Accept deviant label, incorporating it into self image
-Ex: People notice your eating disorder and want to help but you accept the disorder

Question 15

Role Engulfment

Answer 15

Primarily define self through deviant identity
>Accept deviance as their primary status
-Ex: Gang member

Question 16

Tertiary Deviance

Answer 16

Accept deviant label but reject/transform stigma associated with it
-Ex: Gay rights movement-we shouldn’t see this as bad

Question 17

Labeling Theory

Answer 17

We become deviant once labeled (by someone in power) as deviant
-Ex: Felon, sex offender, license plate for DUI
>Once labeled, life changes b/c others react (fear)
>Benefit of power helps resist labels (celebrities)

Question 18

Strain Theory

Answer 18

Deviance increases where there is strain between culturally defined success and access to legitimate ways to achieve success
-Conformist, innovator, ritualist, retreatist, and rebel

Question 19

Deterrence Theory

Answer 19

Looks at why people don’t commit crimes
-People engage in deviance if they don’t fear punishment
-Concentrates on identifying the most effective punishment
>What is most important for deterring crime: certainty or severity?

Question 20

Hegemonic Masculinity

Answer 20

Dominant form of masculinity

-Ex: Strong, straight, athletic, bend rules, not working hard at school

Question 21

Contrived Carelessness

Answer 21

Girls care about grades, boys don’t

Question 22

Emphasized Femininity

Answer 22

Pressure to look attractive, define self and other females in terms of appearance
>Adaption that men, in general, have more power
>Accept subordinate, supportive, dependent roles
-Ex: Gold digger/trophy wife

Question 23

Gender

Answer 23

About distinguishing between masculine and feminine, not so much biological, but cultural
-How sociologists think

Question 24

Conscientious Resistance

Answer 24

Gendered behavior in school = compliance and resistance
-Girls are more likely to be compliant than boys because they care more and boys are more likely to be resistant to the rules and regulations they are supposed to follow in school

Question 25

Gender Gap

Answer 25

Differences of grades, participation and activeness/caring about school in girls vs boys

Question 26

Contrived Carelessness

Answer 26

Girls care about grades and guys don't

Question 27

Rutter

Answer 27

Unpopular group, stemmed from a group/family didn't care of themselves physically irritated with rich kids

Question 28

Lame

Answer 28

Smart "nerdy" group/not being known for something

Question 29

Conformist

Answer 29

``` Someone who follows the norms -College student who goes to class and studies ```

Question 30

Innovator

Answer 30

Someone who wants to do well, but they find different ways to make it easier -Cheating in college

Question 31

Ritualist

Answer 31

Someone who does the minimum amount of work to make ends meet, but they don't really care -People who come to class, but do just enough to pass

Question 32

Retreatist

Answer 32

``` Someone who doesn't follow norms and doesn't care -Stay in their room and skip class rather than going to class and studying ```

Question 33

Rebel

Answer 33

Make new means and new goals -College student who goes to college just to party or just goes to in order to be able to join a professional sports team