Final Exam

Question 1

Boyles Law

Answer 1

As pressure increases volume decreases
P1V1=P2V2
Inversely proportional

Question 2

Charles Law

Answer 2

As temperature increases volume increases
Directly proportionate
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Degrees in Kelvin

Question 3

Gay Lussac Law

Answer 3

As pressure increases temperature increases

P1/T1 = P2/V2

Question 4

Units of pressure

Answer 4

1 atm= 101.3 kpa = 760 mm Hg = 760 Torr = 14.7 psi

Question 5

Combined gas law

Answer 5

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Question 6

Ideal gas law

Answer 6

PV=nRT
P= pressure
V= volume 
n= moles
R= constant
T= temperature in Kelvin

Question 7

Kelvin Temperature

Answer 7

Degrees celsius + 273

Question 8

Orbital

Answer 8

Area where an electron is most likely found

S p d f

Question 9

Where is the electron

Answer 9

S - starts in energy level 1/ 1 orbital w 2 electrons/ sphere shape
P - energy level 2 orbital 3/ 6 electrons/ dumbell shape
D- energy level 3 orbital 5/ 10 electrons flower shape
F- energy level 4/ 7 orbitals 14 electrons

Question 10

Electron configurations

Answer 10

Rules
Aufbau principle- electrons enter the lowest energy level
Hans rule- electrons enter different orbitals of the same energy level
Pauli Exclusion- max 2 electrons must have opposite spins

Question 11

Wavelength

Answer 11

Length of the wave

Question 12

Frequency

Answer 12

of waves per second

Question 13

The periodic table

Answer 13

Patterns

Rows and Families

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

Ability of an atom to attract electrons
Increase from left to right- atoms are smaller with greater nucleur charge (same electrons in level but more protons means they are pulles tighter together )
Decrease from top to bottom- more energy levels

Question 15

Ionization Energy

Answer 15

Energy required to remove the electron of the outermost energy level

Increase from left to right- atoms are smaller with greater nucleur charge (same electrons in level but more protons means they are pulles tighter together )
Decrease from top to bottom- more energy levels

Question 16

Atomic Radius

Answer 16

Half the diameter of an atom, found by the distance between the nuclei of 2 bonded atoms
Increase top to bottom bc more energy levels
Decrease left to right bc greater nucleur charge

Question 17

Acid

Answer 17

Produces H3O when dissolved in water

Increases by 0s ( 2=10 4=1000)

Question 18

Base

Answer 18

Produces OH- when dissolved in water

Question 19

Strong vs Concentrated

Weak vs dilute

Answer 19

Strong - all or most electrons are ionizing
Concentrated- a lot of solute
Weak- few electrolytes are breaking apart
Dilute- little solute

Question 20

Acid strength

Answer 20

0-7 acidic
7 neutral
7-14 basic

Question 21

Lewis dot structure

Answer 21

Shows where the 8 valence electrons are located

Question 22

Ionic chart

Answer 22

Ionic - the give and take of electrons
between a metal and a nonmetal
only conductive if dissolved in water
High melting point
Ex salt

Question 23

Nonpolar covalent

Answer 23

The even sharing of electrons
Between a metal and a nonmetal
Not conductive
Low melting pt
Ex butter

Question 24

Polar covalent

Answer 24

Uneven sharing of electrons
Between a metal and a nonmetal
Not conductive
Medium melting point
Ex sugar

Question 25

Metalloids

Answer 25

``` Sea of electrons Between metals Conductive Pretty high melting pt Ex aluminum ```

Question 26

Molarity

Answer 26

Moles of solvent / kg of solvent

Question 27

VSPER

Answer 27

Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory

Question 28

Single bond

Answer 28

Sharing of 2 electrons

Question 29

Double bond

Answer 29

Sharing of 2 electrons

Question 30

Triple bond

Answer 30

Sharing of 6 electrons

Question 31

Bond length

Answer 31

Distance between 2 bonding atoms on picometers In order single double triple

Question 32

Bond order

Answer 32

Same as # of bonds

Question 33

London dispersion theory

Answer 33

Used with nonpolar bonds Weakest Buildup of electrons temporarily on one side of the molecule Ex traffic jam

Question 34

Dipole forces

Answer 34

Polar bonds | Two opposite sided molecules that have a partial permanent separation of charge bc electrons are not evenly shared

Question 35

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 35

Only with H - O N or F | Strongest bc Hydrogen can only bond with one thing so nothing counteracts it

Question 36

Intermolecular forces

Answer 36

Forces between seperate molecules | The breakdown of IMFs is a physical change

Question 37

Nonpolar vs polar

Answer 37

``` Nonpolar = even sharing Polar = uneven ```

Question 38

Solution

Answer 38

Homozygous mixture too small to see the solute particles

Question 39

Colloid

Answer 39

A solute thay reflects light but you cant really see with the human eye

Question 40

Suspension

Answer 40

Solute that settles over time

Question 41

Solute vs solvent

Answer 41

Solute- what is being dissolved | Solvent- what it is being dissolved kn

Question 42

Electrolyte

Answer 42

Anything that produces free flowing charges when dissolved on water

Question 43

Non electrolyte

Answer 43

When molecules separate from other molecules but free flowing charges are not produces