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chemistry l1 ms.yocis > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Boyles Law

A

As pressure increases volume decreases
P1V1=P2V2
Inversely proportional

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2
Q

Charles Law

A

As temperature increases volume increases
Directly proportionate
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Degrees in Kelvin

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3
Q

Gay Lussac Law

A

As pressure increases temperature increases

P1/T1 = P2/V2

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4
Q

Units of pressure

A

1 atm= 101.3 kpa = 760 mm Hg = 760 Torr = 14.7 psi

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5
Q

Combined gas law

A

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

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6
Q

Ideal gas law

A 
PV=nRT
P= pressure
V= volume 
n= moles
R= constant
T= temperature in Kelvin
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7
Q

Kelvin Temperature

A

Degrees celsius + 273

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8
Q

Orbital

A

Area where an electron is most likely found

S p d f

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9
Q

Where is the electron

A

S - starts in energy level 1/ 1 orbital w 2 electrons/ sphere shape
P - energy level 2 orbital 3/ 6 electrons/ dumbell shape
D- energy level 3 orbital 5/ 10 electrons flower shape
F- energy level 4/ 7 orbitals 14 electrons

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10
Q

Electron configurations

A

Rules
Aufbau principle- electrons enter the lowest energy level
Hans rule- electrons enter different orbitals of the same energy level
Pauli Exclusion- max 2 electrons must have opposite spins

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11
Q

Wavelength

A

Length of the wave

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12
Q

Frequency

A

of waves per second

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13
Q

The periodic table

A

Patterns

Rows and Families

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14
Q

Electronegativity

A

Ability of an atom to attract electrons
Increase from left to right- atoms are smaller with greater nucleur charge (same electrons in level but more protons means they are pulles tighter together )
Decrease from top to bottom- more energy levels

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15
Q

Ionization Energy

A

Energy required to remove the electron of the outermost energy level

Increase from left to right- atoms are smaller with greater nucleur charge (same electrons in level but more protons means they are pulles tighter together )
Decrease from top to bottom- more energy levels

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16
Q

Atomic Radius

A

Half the diameter of an atom, found by the distance between the nuclei of 2 bonded atoms
Increase top to bottom bc more energy levels
Decrease left to right bc greater nucleur charge

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17
Q

Acid

A

Produces H3O when dissolved in water

Increases by 0s ( 2=10 4=1000)

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18
Q

Base

A

Produces OH- when dissolved in water

19
Q

Strong vs Concentrated

Weak vs dilute

A

Strong - all or most electrons are ionizing
Concentrated- a lot of solute
Weak- few electrolytes are breaking apart
Dilute- little solute

20
Q

Acid strength

A

0-7 acidic
7 neutral
7-14 basic

21
Q

Lewis dot structure

A

Shows where the 8 valence electrons are located

22
Q

Ionic chart

A 
Ionic - the give and take of electrons
between a metal and a nonmetal
only conductive if dissolved in water
High melting point
Ex salt
23
Q

Nonpolar covalent

A 
The even sharing of electrons
Between a metal and a nonmetal
Not conductive
Low melting pt
Ex butter
24
Q

Polar covalent

A 
Uneven sharing of electrons
Between a metal and a nonmetal
Not conductive
Medium melting point
Ex sugar
25
Q

Metalloids

A 
Sea of electrons
Between metals
Conductive
Pretty high melting pt
Ex aluminum
26
Q

Molarity

A

Moles of solvent / kg of solvent

27
Q

VSPER

A

Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory

28
Q

Single bond

A

Sharing of 2 electrons

29
Q

Double bond

A

Sharing of 2 electrons

30
Q

Triple bond

A

Sharing of 6 electrons

31
Q

Bond length

A

Distance between 2 bonding atoms on picometers

In order single double triple

32
Q

Bond order

A

Same as # of bonds

33
Q

London dispersion theory

A

Used with nonpolar bonds
Weakest
Buildup of electrons temporarily on one side of the molecule
Ex traffic jam

34
Q

Dipole forces

A

Polar bonds

Two opposite sided molecules that have a partial permanent separation of charge bc electrons are not evenly shared

35
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

Only with H - O N or F

Strongest bc Hydrogen can only bond with one thing so nothing counteracts it

36
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

Forces between seperate molecules

The breakdown of IMFs is a physical change

37
Q

Nonpolar vs polar

A 
Nonpolar = even sharing
Polar = uneven
38
Q

Solution

A

Homozygous mixture too small to see the solute particles

39
Q

Colloid

A

A solute thay reflects light but you cant really see with the human eye

40
Q

Suspension

A

Solute that settles over time

41
Q

Solute vs solvent

A

Solute- what is being dissolved

Solvent- what it is being dissolved kn

42
Q

Electrolyte

A

Anything that produces free flowing charges when dissolved on water

43
Q

Non electrolyte

A

When molecules separate from other molecules but free flowing charges are not produces

chemistry l1 ms.yocis (8 decks)

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