final exam Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
small elevation of enamel on some part of crown
A
tubercle
2
Q
upper 2 pharyngeal arches identified by roman numerals I AND 11
A
mandibular
hyoid
3
Q
rounded borders of enamel on mesial and distal portions of occlusal surfaces
A
marginal ridge
4
Q
buccal groove of mandibular first molar is more anterior than normal to the MB cusp of the max. 1st molar,
A
class 3
5
Q
molars are in class 2 and max. central are retruded,
A
class 2 D 2
6
Q
PDL FIBER GROUPS
A
alveolar crest- from cervical area of tooth the alveolar crest
horizontal- horizontally from tooth to alveolar bone
oblique- fibers run obliquely from cementum to bone
apical- fibers radiating apically from tooth to bone
intradicular- fibers run between roots of multirooted teeth
7
Q
comprises several row s of flattened cells
forms cementum of tooth, pdl and some alveolar bone
A
dental sac
8
Q
crowns are formed from growth centers called
A
lobes
9
Q
smallest permanent tooth in the mouth
A
mandibular centrals
10
Q
something noticeably different from norm..
A
anaomaly
11
Q
fluid part of blood
A
plasama
12
Q
posterior
A
mesial distal labial buccal occlusal
13
Q
how many lobes do the molars have?
A
5 lobes
14
Q
small area of condendsed cells arising from mesoderm and located next or deep to IEE
forms dentin and pulp of tooth
A
dental papilla
15
Q
used to check bitre after restoration
A
articulating paper
16
Q
the messages leaving the brain for distant parts of the body are referred to as…. cause some kind of action to take place
A
motor (efferent)
17
Q
what is a bone producing cell?
A
osteoblast
18
Q
2 adj. tooth germs unite
A
fusion
19
Q
max 1st molar is even with or anterior to mand. 1st molar
A
class 2
20
Q
hydroxyapatite compostion of enamel
A
96%
21
Q
master controller of cell contains DNA and RNA whcih control operation of cell
A
nucleus
22
Q
produced thin membrane to surround the material produced by the ER so it can be moved around
A
golgi apparatus
23
Q
which type of cells form the epithelium?
A
simple and stratified
24
Q
perm. tooth eruption ages
A
maxillary CI- 7-8 yrs LI- 8-9 yrs K9- 11-12 yrs 1 PM- 10-11 2 PM- 10-12 1 M- 6-7 2 M- 12-13 3 M- 17-22
mandibular CI- 6-7 LI 7-8 K9 9-10 1 PM 10-12 2PM 11-12 1 M 6-7 2 M 11-13 3M 17-22
25
every fourth day, change in development of enamel... brownish line develops in eamel looking like rings of a tree
striae of reztius
26
anterior tooth types
incisors-cutting
| canines- grasping/tearing, longest tooth, trianguler shpaed roots
27
what is the general rule about teeth?
more posterior a molar, the smaller
28
nothced incisors due to syphlyis exposure, screwdriver shaped
hutchinsons incisors
29
hardening of the tooth tissue by deposition of mineral salts.. last tissue to become calcified the APEX of tooth
calcification
30
multiple or extra teeth
hyerdontia
31
the whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel
anatomical crown
32
tooth germ begins to grow within alveolar process
6th week of life fetal
33
result of individuals genetic make up
hereditary
34
opening at apex of rooth allowing nerve and vessesl to enter tooth
apical foramen
35
too large of teeth
macrodontia
36
largest cusp in maxillary first molar
mesiolingual cusp
37
primary tooth ereuption ages
```
CI- 6-8 months
LI- 7-11 months
1at M- 13-19 months
K9- 16-22 months
2nd M- 25-33 months
```
38
tooth erupts past the occlusal plane in an attempt to meet its antagonist
supraerupt
39
wider crown, MI angle sharp, welll developed cingulum
central
40
roots of baby teeth are resorbed and baby tooth falls out
exfoliation
41
bi con cave disc?
red blood cells
42
if cleft palate is going to develop, when?
between 7 and 11 week
43
allows for proper deflection of food and the right amount of tissue stimulation and protects the gingial crevice
correct degree of curvature
44
this curvature of the tooth is greater than the distal curvature of the same tooth
mesial curvature
45
too few teeth
anodontia
46
what cell secretes mucous in resp. tract
pseudostratified columnar
47
condition occurs at or before birth
congenital
48
begins to show growth process which will be the maxillary process.. subdivided into maxillary and mandibular
mandibular arch
49
most commonly cong. missing teeth
3rd molars
2nd mand. PM
max. lateral incisor
50
anterior teeth tooth surfaces
```
mesial
distal
lingual
facial
incisal
```
51
bulges out
convex
52
apex of root curves?
distally
53
heart muscle or striated involuntary muscle means it has striping similar to the skeletal muscle.. control of the heart is not under willful control of the individual but rather regulated automatically by th body
purjknes fibers act like nerves in the heart and conduct messages through the heart to help it contract or beat properly
cardiac muscle
54
tumorous anomaly of calcified dental tissues
odontoma
55
depression or concavity in the tooth
fossa
56
4 tooth tissues
enamel dentin cementum and pulp
hard- cementum, enamel and dentin
soft- pulp
57
series of interconnecting tbules in the cell that are responsible for manuafcture of various products to be in or outsdie of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
58
each tooth is given a two dgit number, first number is quadrant, second s tooh
```
FDI
quadrant 1-4
1-8
Q 5-8
1-5
```
59
widest part of the crown of the tooth, most convex bulge of the tooth
crest of curvature
60
fluid medium insidee cell membrane
cytoplasm
61
one of the cells that sprotu or form fibers
fibroblasts
62
junction of cementum and enamel?
CEJ
63
products carried away by ducts leading from gland
exocrine
64
malformed lateral incisors
peg laterals
65
smaller than centrals, mi nore rounded, lingual pit, di more rounded
lateral
66
fusion of developmental lobes with bony crypts
coalescence
67
cells of the nervous system
neurons
68
found in middle of pulp
free pulp stones
69
nonstriated involuntary muscle, does not have stripes and cannot be willfully controlled, found in the lining digestive tract, in blood vessels, in the lungs and many other organs
smooth muscle
70
which tooth has stretched out "s"
primary mandibular first molar
71
line formed by the junction of the cementum of the root and enamel of the crown?+
cervical line
72
pinpoint hole within the fossa
pit
73
crack in enamel
enamel lamella
74
single layered epithelium
simple
75
invagination of the crown inward towards the pulpal tissues
tooth within a tooth
dens in dente
76
premature contact of one tooth before the other teeth occlude
traumatic occlusion
77
either cuboidal or rectangular, only one thick layer, lines digestive tract from stomach to anal region, main function is absorption of break down products within digestive tract, found in ducts of various glands such as =kidney, salivary pancreas and other
simple cuboidal or simple columnar
78
primitive oral depression
stomodeum
79
long tube running from the dej to pulp containing an odontoblastic process
dentinal tuble
80
lines formed by union of lobes
developmental grooves
81
thin, freely moveable mucosa that tears or injures easily.. non keratinzed, floor of mouth, vestuble, alveolar mcusoa
lining mucosa
82
most retruded relationship of the mandible to the maxilla when the condyles are in their most upward, backward and unstrained position in the glenoid fossa
bone to bone relationship
83
which tooth forms a cross in the groove
mand. 2 molar
84
changes pdl constantly goes under
chew, bite, floss
85
general rule for max. mand. teeth?
mandibular teeth usually preceed maxillary
86
teeth hardest to identify left and right
mandibular centrals
87
pulp in roots of the teeth
root canal
88
this system, each quadrant is given its own prefix symbol and then tooth number
palmer notation
1-8
A-E
right in L's
89
0.5% known as mast cells
basophilis
90
stippling of attached gingiva
rete pegs
91
1st Permanent tooth to erupt
molars
92
meaning for tongue tied?
ankyloglossia
93
how many cusps does mand. 1st molar have?
5
| mb, db, d, ml, dl
94
pulp composition
```
blood vessels
lymph vessels
connective tissues
nerve tissues
odontoblasts
```
95
which tooth has short roots usually fused?
mand. 3 molar
96
known as striated voluntary muscle.. refers to striped appearance of muscle fibers under a microscope. voluntary means that the contractions or shortening of the muscles is under the willful control of person or aniamal
skeletal muscle
97
MOVEMENT OF TEETH INTO THE ORAL CAVITY?
eruption
98
supporting tissue adjacent to the teeth
periodontium
free, attached gingiva
alveolar mucosa
PDL
bone
all are essential for support and Anchorage of teeth
99
terminal end of root
apex
100
forms bulk of the cervical 1/3 of lingual surface on canines
cingulum
101
which tooth has roots widely spread?
max 1 molar
102
what is the hardest tissue in the body?
enamel
103
2 divisions of periodontium
gingival - free attached gingiva, alveolar mucosa
attachment unit- cementum, bone, PDL
104
separation between median nasal process and maxillary process
cleft lip (6th embryonic week)
105
the most common tiype probably originate from dead cells with concentric layers of calcium phosphate around them
flase stones
106
mound of crown on occusal surface of tooth
cusp
107
when do primary teeth begin to calcify?
4-5 month fetal life
108
early features of face beginto develop in embryonic age of ?
3 weeks
109
main ridges on each cusp, tip to center
triangular ridge
110
what do the curvatures in teeth aide in?
prevent disease, damage, bacterial invasion and calculus
displaces occlusal trauma and biting forces
protects the gingiva and periodontium
111
greater curvature on anterior teeth than posterior.. anterior teeth are narrower labiolingually, posterior are wider bucolingually
curvature of CEJ
112
growth centers for tooth.. usually four
developmental lobes
113
junction of dentin and enamel?
DEJ
114
which premolar is most likely to have 2 roots
max 1st pm
115
void created after interdental papilla recedes back
cervical embrassure
116
too small of teeth
microdontia
117
this covers the root, provides attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone
cementum
118
forms the incisal edges of anterior teeth when the developmental lobes fuse
mamelons
119
this is thicker at the cusps and occlusal surfaces and thinner at the cervical margin
enamel
120
what tooth has the mesial groove starting just below contact
max 1 pm
121
mechanical wear
abrasion
122
forces that exert pressure on teeth
```
active eruption
mesial drift
mast. occlusal surfaces
orthodontic corrective forces
traumatic occlusion forces
```
123
which tooth can have a bifurcated root
mandibular canines
124
small clumps of teeth that have the ability to form tooth tissues
tooth germ
125
the mesiolingual deveopmental groove identifies which tooth?
mand. 1st PM
126
cellular part of blood divdeed into?
white, red, platelets
127
composition of dentin
70% hydrozyapatite
128
first perm. tooth to erupt
mand first molar
129
lingual lobe of anterior tooth
cingulum
130
hereditary dentinal deveolpmental abnormality
dentinogensis imperfecta
131
deep cracks or openings on tooth surfaces that may lead to caries
pits and fissures
132
this is the main portion of the tooth, yellowish in color
dentin
133
thin layer of alveolar bone seen radiographically
lamina dura
134
maintains oral structures in their most manually protective harmony
preventive dentistry
135
the portion of the jaw that supports the teeth
alveolar process
136
cells that produce cementum
cementoblasts
137
posterior tooth types
premolars - 2 cusps, bicuspid
| molars- 4 or more cusps, chewing or grinding
138
union of 2 ridges that cross occlusal surfaces of a posterior tooth
transverse ridge
139
osteoclastic cells destroy roots of primary tooth
resportion
140
denintal tubles that are empty because of death of odontoblasts that orginally occupied them
dead tracts
141
condition attributed of inherited tendency
familial tendency
142
molars are in class 2 with max. centeral incisors in their normal protruded relationship
class 2 divison 1
143
form of hypercementosis associated with localized bone destruction
cementoma
144
functions of PDL attachment unit
support, nutrition, formative, snesory
145
part if the crown that is seen above the gingival margin
clinical crown
146
trauma to dentin?
occlusal-when one tooth or part of tooth is subjected to more stress than another
mechanical- usually from cavity prep int tooh
chemical-brought by aciss produced by bactiera that cause caries
147
cell body, axon and dendrite
three parts of neuron
148
what can calcification of teeth be interupted by?
```
fever
metabolic dysfunction
childhood or nutrtional
disease
physical illness
trauma
```
149
normal occlusal wear
attrition
150
1-4% combat allergic reactions and imflammatory reactions
eosinphillis
151
single cusp, d curve root, cingulum
canine
152
most common type of epithelium
stratiifed squamous
153
functions of the pulp
nourishing, sensory
154
what are the embrylogic stages of development?
fertilization thru 2 weeks is the period of the ovum
weeks 3 thru 8 is period of embryo
weeks 9-36 period of fetus
155
where is the cusp of carabelli located?
mesial lingual cusp (max 1St only)
156
dips down
concave
157
means flat or plate like, foudn lining the lungs, blood vessels, abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity and small fluid carrying tubes.. allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lining of lungs and capillaries of lungs
simple squamous epithelium
158
what has genetic control over tooth shape
dental papilla
159
how many lobes do premolars have?
4 lobes
| 2 cusps
160
fusion of two teeth by cementum only
concrescene
161
spaces between the teeth that are occlusal to the contact
allow for passage of food around teeth and not forced into contact area
embrasssure
162
same as horn like, non keratinized, para, and keratanized
stratum corneum
163
permanent teeth that replace primary teeth
succedaneous
164
2 most common types of cleft lip
unilateral, bilateral
165
single mass of dental tissue
complex odontoma
166
bony socket in which the tooth fits into the bone
alveolus
167
falsely layered epithelium, looks like more than one layer.. seen in respiratory tract, many small single cells called goblet cells, secretes mucous, hairlike porjections knwon as cilia, traps contaminants in air passing thru respiratoyry passages
pseduostratifed columnar epithelium
168
4 basic tissues the body is composed of
epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nervous tissue
169
which tooth is LEAST likely to be missing?
mand. 2ND PM
170
messages carried from the outer parts of body toward the brain
sensory (afferent)
171
resposnsible for energy production and for the rate at which cell uses energy
mitochondria
172
common form of enamel hypocalcification caused by excessive fluroride injestion.. mottled enamel
enamel flourosis
small white flecks to large brown spots
173
intiial budding from dental lamina, 10 thickened areas in each arch..
first stage in development of enamel organ that forms enamel of teeth
bud stage
174
50-70%, livev about 2 days function as phagocytes
neutrophilis
175
which canine has prominent cingulum?
maxillary canine
176
what teeth have established ther vertical height of occlusion
1st molars
177
multiple layered epithelium
stratiifed
178
3 varities of granulocytes
neutrophilis, esionphilis, basophils
179
what are the three functions of the teeth?
cutting - incisors
grasping- k9 premolar
grinding- molars
180
longest tooth in the mouth
canines
181
several masses that resemble rudimentary teeth
compound odontoma
182
apical to the mucogingival junction
alveolar mucosa
183
small cusp like elevation on tooth surface
tubercle
184
elevated portion of tooth that runs in a line
ridge
| buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal
185
changes in thickness and appearance as the need arises, multiple layers of cells nd varying in thcikness, found in urinary system
transitinal epithelium
186
point at which 3 surfaces meet
point angle
ex- mesial, labial, and incisal surfaces
187
anterior and posterior teeth- cervical 1/3 on the tooth
buccal height of contour
188
what is enamel formed by?
ameloblasts
189
maxillary 1st molar is slightly posterior to the mandibular 1st molar, the mesiobuccal cusp of the max. ist molar is in line with the buccal groove of mandibular 1st
class 1
190
TMJ under stress causing damage to muscles or ligaments
antagonistic muscles of mastication become tire, sore, and tender
offensie tooth becomes sens. to percussion and tender upon chewing
respo. tooth may become cracked or broken
pain
consequences of Traumatic occlusion
191
thick keratinxed mucosa desgined to withstand the trauma of mastication, hard palate and free an attachaed gingiva
masticatory mucosa
192
these direct food off of the tooth against the gingiva at the proper angle
facial and lingual contours
193
whose ducts are lost after the gland develops and whose products are carried faway from the gland in blood stream
endocrine
