Final Exam Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
President No. 28
A
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) 1913-1921
2
Q
President No. 29
A
Warren G. Harding (Republican) 1921-1923
3
Q
President No. 30
A
Calvin Coolidge (Republican) 1923-1929
4
Q
President No. 31
A
Herbert Hoover (Republican) 1929-1933
5
Q
President No. 32
A
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) 1933-1945
6
Q
President No. 33
A
Harry Truman (Democrat) 1945-1953
7
Q
President No. 34
A
Dwight Eisenhower (Republican) 1953-1961
8
Q
President No. 35
A
John F. Kennedy (Democrat) 1961-1963
9
Q
President No. 36
A
Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat) 1963-1969
10
Q
President No. 37
A
Richard Nixon (Republican) 1969-1974
11
Q
President No. 38
A
Gerald Ford (Republican) 1974-1977
12
Q
President No. 39
A
Jimmy Carter (Democrat) 1977-1981
13
Q
President No. 40
A
Ronald Reagan (Republican) 1981-1989
14
Q
President No. 41
A
George H. W. Bush (Republican) 1989-1993
15
Q
President No. 42
A
Bill Clinton (Democrat) 1993-2001
16
Q
President No. 43
A
George W. Bush (Republican) 2001-2009
17
Q
President No. 44
A
Barack Obama (Democrat) 2009-2017
18
Q
1927
A
Lindbergh flies across the Atlantic
19
Q
1929
A
Stock Market crashes
20
Q
1935
A
Social Security Passed
21
Q
1937
A
“Roosevelt” Recession
22
Q
1941
A
Pearl Harbor Attacked
23
Q
1945
A
U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan; end of WWII
24
Q
1947
A
Jackie Robinson breaks into Major Leagues
25
1949
Fall of China; Soviets detonate atomic bomb; creation of NATO
26
1954
Brown vs. Board of Education
27
1968
Tet Offensive; assassinations of MLK Jr. and Bobby Kennedy
28
1989
Fall of Berlin Wall and End of Cold War
29
What is the Gentleman's Agreement in baseball?
unspoken understanding that blacks weren't allowed to play major league baseball
30
Who was Branch Rickey?
a religious baseball manager who saw the untapped potential in blacks
31
Who was Jackie Robinson?
chosen by Rickey to play for the Dodgers
32
What minor league team did Robinson play for before joining the Brooklyn Dodgers?
Montreal Royals
33
What kind of reception did Robinson recieve when he played for the Dodgers?
Heavily discriminated against
34
How well did Robinson play?
Had a very good rookie season
35
Who was Larry Doby?
African American who broke into the American League
36
How has baseball honored Robinson?
Retired his number throughout all of baseball
37
When were the armed forces integrated?
1948: Truman integrates armed forces
38
What was Brown vs. Board of Education?
1954: 9 year old girl Linda Brown had to walk to the black school, Supreme Court rules segregation has no place in education
39
Who was Rosa Parks?
Woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery Alabama.
40
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
blacks had to give up their seats for whites, but this was challenged by Rosa Parks, and MLK formed and led a boycott.
41
What was the Little Rock Desegregation Crisis?
Governor Orval Faubus ordered national guard to keep blacks out of Little Rock Central High School. Ike called national guard away, with the help of the 101st Airborne (the best). But group of whites still keep the students out. School closes for a year before being totally desegregated.
42
What was significant about Ike's reliance upon the 101st Airborne?
They were the best group of soldiers, so he used the best to deal with this big problem of racism and segregation
43
What were sit-ins?
1960: Greensboro, N.C. blacks organize a sit-in at a whites only Woolsworth. Movement spreads, along with pray-ins and wade-ins
44
MLK's "I Have A Dream Speech"
August 28, 1963: on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial
45
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Lyndon B. Johnson signs this in: outlawed discrimination in public places and literacy tests had to be at a 6th grade level for black voters
46
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1965?
Called for federal officials to register voters, suspended literacy tests altogether
47
What was Eisenhower's campaign slogan in 1952?
"I Like Ike"
48
Who was Alger Hiss?
State Department Official and Soviet Spy
49
Who was John Foster Dulles?
Secretary of State under Eishenhower
50
What was massive retaliation?
if the Soviet Union makes a move, the U.S. will retaliate with an unsymmetrical response.
51
What was brinkmanship?
U.S. had to go to the very brink of war to force the Soviets to stand down. Demonstrating strength worked because they didn't want to die
52
What was the Indochina Crisis of 1954?
Vietnam had been a state of China, until France carves out a peace of land in Indochina including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
53
Who was Ho Chi Minh?
He was the communist leader of Vietman who wanted to drive out the French
54
What was Ho's political idealogy?
He is a communist first and a nationalist second
55
Who were the Viet Minh?
The Vietnamese communist party
56
Why did the United States begin to support France in Indochina after 1949?
After the fall of China, Truman acted more vigorously to support the French, though didn't want to before because France still had colonies and U.S. was against decolonization.
57
What was Dien Bien Phu?
Battle in which the Vietminh won over the French
58
What did Dien Bien Phu lead to?
The Geneva Peace Agreement of 1954 in which Vietminh and France decide to stop fighting and to seperate Vietnam into 2 countries.
59
Who was Gamal Nasser?
Man who came to power in Egypt and nationalizes the Suez Canal
60
What was the Suez Crisis of 1956?
France and Britian arent happy because the canal was not Egypt's to nationalize. They begin bombing Egyptian air fields. Israel becomes involved and invades the Sinai Penninsula
61
What was destalinization?
Destroying Stalin statues and threatening to break from the Warsaw Pact, getting rid of Stalin's legacy
62
Who was Nikita Krushchev?
Became the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin and blames all the problems on Stalin. Calls for destalinization.
63
Who was Imre Nagy?
The moderate communist that the Soviets put in place of Hungary to placate tensions there
64
What was the Hungarian Crisis?
1956: Khrushchev comes to power and blames all the problems on Stalin. Destalinization happens throughout the empire, especially in Hungary. They threaten to break from Warsaw Pact, so Soviets put a moderate communist, Imre Nagy, in charge there. Nagy betrays the Soviets trust and announces their split from the Warsaw Pact. Soviets send army to supress uprising in Budapest. Nagy is shot and the rebellion is smashed.
65
When Krushchev threatens to cut off road traffic to East Berlin, what was Ike's response?
Said he would send a convoy if that happens, and Krushchev backs down
66
Who was Gary Powers?
U2 spy plane pilot
67
What was the U2 Crisis of 1960?
Soviets shot down a U2 spy plane flown by Gary Powers and U.S. denied it was a spy plane, calling it a weather plane. Soviets announce that Powers is alive, so Ike takes responsibility and trades Powers for a Soviet prisoner
68
What did Ike say in his farewell address on January 17th 1961?
He urges U.S. to keep army built up and warns against disarmament, and recognized you can't let the military run the country
69
How did the American public react to Eisenhower's heart attacks?
People called the hospital asking to donate thier own hearts
70
What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?
Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba and the Eisenhower administration liked Castro for a while because he promoted democracy. Granted him formal recognition as the ruler. Castro didn't live up to his promises because he had been influenced by Marxism and communism. Castro moved to seize 1 billion dollars of U.S. land in Cuba and ordered mass executions of Batista supporters. Eisenhower slapped an embargo on on Cuba and withdrew diplomatic recognition. Eisenhower granted approval to the CIA planning a coup d' tat to take Cuban anti-Castro immigrants in US and put them back in Cuba to encourage a revolution in Cuba. Kennedy learns of the plans and makes it happen. It was a severe failure.
71
What was the Vienna conference?
Krushchev and Kennedy meet face to face. This was ill advised because Kennedy still had lots to learn and he was coming from a position of weakness after the Bay of Pigs debacle
72
What does Krushchev do to keep traffic out of East Berlin?
He builds the Berlin Wall after threatening the U.S. Kennedy panicked and told Americans to prepare for nuclear war, but he builds the wall instead in 1961
73
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Krushchev fortified Cuba with nuclear missiles after Operation Mongoose (schemes to try to kill Castro and bring down his administration) Kennedy calls for a quarantine of Cuba
74
When was Kennedy assasinated?
November 22, 1963 in Dallas.
75
Who assasinated Kennedy?
Lee Harvey Oswold, who was later assasinated as well by Jack Ruby
76
Who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?q
Lyndon B. Johnson signed it as a memorial to Kennedy
77
What happened in the election of 1964?
Johnson runs for the presidency and Republicans Barry Goldwater from Arizona. Johnson won in a landslide
78
What famous ad did the Johnson campaign run against Goldwater?
The ad that showed nuclear war
79
What was "The Great Society"?
government programs to help the economy.
80
What was Medicare?
It was a health insurance program for the elderly that proved to be problematic. Medical expenses and inflation increased because of it.
81
How did the Civil Rights movement begin to unravel in the mid 1960's?
The movement splintered because some felt that MLK was not hard enough. Black Panthers form to fight hate with hate Malcolm X part of the Black Muslims
82
What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?
In August 1974, Johnson announces that the Vietminh had attacked American ships in the Tonkin Gulf, though he was wrong about the attack. Congress grants him the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which means to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression with Vietnam.
83
How did the Vietnam War progress?
By February 1965, Vietcong had taken over the Vietminh and were communistic fighting in South Vietnam. American forces and Johnson begin bombing North Vietnam
84
What was Operation Rolling Thunder?
The operation to bomb Northern Vietnmam
85
Why was 1968 such a hard year for Americans?
Because MLK and Bobby Kennedy were assasinated that year. Protests at the Democratic Convention also hurt the party.
86
What was the Tet Offensive?
The Vietcong launched suprise attack on American troops in Saigon. Americans counterattacked and regained all the land back and inflicted severe death count on the Vietcong. It was a massive American victory, though the Press portrayed it as otherwise
87
What happened at the Democratic Convention?
Leftists protest at the liberal party's convention after Humphrey beat out McCarthy for the nomination
88
What was Vietnamization?
training the South Vietnamese to defend themselves
89
Who was Henry Kissinger?
Foreign Relations Adviser to Nixon, approved detante
90
What was the detante with China and Soviets?
Detante means relaxation of tension between two countries. U.S. and china established liason offices in each others countries, though U.S. hadn't formally recognized China's government. Soviet Union feared the new friendship so Nixon visits Russia later in 1972 which leads to signed agreements to limit the nuclear arms race.
91
Who was George McGovern?
Democratic nomination in the 1972 election
92
What was the Watergate Scandal?
McGovern complained about dirty dealings in the Nixon administration, specifically burlgars broke into the Democratic National Convention Headquarters at Watergate Hotel to sabotage McGovern for the election. No one knew if Nixon really was involved, but it was suspicious that he tried to hide the burglary. Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP). Led to Nixon's resignation BEFORE he could be impeached.
93
What was Gerald Ford's path to the presidency?
He was the only president to not be elected to the presidency OR the vice presidency
94
What two famous people did Ford pardon while president?
Nixon and Robert E. Lee
95
What was Jimmy Carter's background?
He was from Georgia, an officer in the Navy, and a peanut farmer
96
What were the Camp David Accords?
1978: Israel would pull out of the Sinai Penninsula if Egypt grants diplomatic recognition to Israel. Probably Carter's biggest accomplishment
97
What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?
1979: Iran revolutionaries overthrow the Shah (pro-western) ruler. Iranian economy was weak and he used secret police and didn't like his pro-western ideas. Ayatokan Khomeini became new ruler. Carter granted the Shah passage to US to recieve treatment for hs cancer and angry Shiites captured 66 Americans at the embassy in Iran
98
What happened in Afghanistan in 1979?
Soviet Union sent troops there to help the communist government. Mujahiden, Islamic freedom fighters threatened the government. Carter condemned the attack.
99
What was the economy like under Carter?
Sluggish with inflation and unemployment
100
What locally famous guy did Reagan credit as being an influence in his thinking?
George Benson
101
In what 3 ways did Reagan attack communism?
1.) Battles it rhetorically 2.) increased U.S. defense spending 3.) Proxy wars (giving money to those fighting against the Soviets
102
What game-changing weapons did Reagan order to be shipped to the Mujahadeen in 1986?
Stinger missiles to help shoot down Soviet helicopters.
103
What was SDI?
Strategic Defense Initiative (program to shoot down Soviet missiles) the press called it "Star Wars"
104
What are the six comparisons between FDR and Reagan?
1. ) Both were effective speakers- FDR's fireside chats and Reagans rhetoric and moving speeches
2. ) Both projected an optomistic view of America
3. )Both men were tremendously popular- both drew constituents from people who usually voted against that particular party. FDR drew blacks and Reagan drew blue-collar voters
4. ) Both were pragmatic: could compromise on things if they needed to
5. ) Both promised balanced budgets but failed to deliver
6. ) Both presided over great victories in foreign policy- FDR: WWII, Reagan: Cold War but both weren't in office when these victories came
