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Final Exam Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Brahma

A

supreme, universal spirit, origin and support of the phenomenal•universe, ultimate essence of material phenomena

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2
Q

Shiva

A

The Destroyer

Represented with 4 arms

1) Drum + mudra = rhythm and time
2) Flame = force of creation and destruction
3) Pointing to foot = worship and dance
4) Mudra “have no fear”

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3
Q

Vishnu

A

The Preserver

Maintains order and harmony

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4
Q

Vedas

A

songs and poems to gods

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5
Q

Tantras

A

esoteric methods towards self-realization & fusion of energies

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6
Q

Puranas

A

tales about devas

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7
Q

Mahabharata

A

epic poems

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8
Q

Dharma

A

Early texts and myths = cosmic law, rules that created the universe from chaosLater texts = human behaviors necessary for the order of life and universe

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9
Q

Moksha

A

freedom from samsara

still a part of dharma?

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10
Q

Mudra

A

symbolic gestures

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11
Q

Murti

A

manifest deities

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12
Q

Pantheism

A

equates god with the universe

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13
Q

Vedic

A

Vedic Period c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE

Tribal, pastoral society, initially northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Spread towards east to the Ganges Plain after 1200 BCE

Composite of different cultures

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14
Q

Yoga

A

methods to attain moksha

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15
Q
A

Temple 17, Sanchi, India, early 5th century CE

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16
Q
A

Swarga Brahma Temple, Alampur, India, 7th century

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17
Q
A

Temple of Kailasnath at Ellora, India, 8th century CE

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18
Q
A

Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho, 930-950 CE

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19
Q

Devapuja

A

Direct god worship in womb chamber

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20
Q

Garbhagriha

A

womb chamber

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21
Q

Pradakshina

A

circumambulation

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22
Q

Shikhara

A

mountain peak or crest, structure on hindu temple

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23
Q

look into

A

Stupa I – The Great Stupa or Mahastupa – at Sanchi, India

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24
Q

Shakyamuni

A

the Buddha

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25
Sangha
lit. “association”, “company”, “community" the company of Buddhist monastics
26
Wheel of Dharma
(Dharmachakra) Symbolizes Buddha’s teachings, and specifically the Noble Eightfold Path = early summary of Shakyamuni Buddha’s teaching of the path to liberation
27
Dukkha
dissatisfaction
28
Parinirvana
the death of Buddha near city of Kusinara, aged 80 (c
29
Ajanta Caves, India
30
Svayambhu Caitya, Nepal
31
Foguang Monastery, Chin
32
Gandhara relief: Shakyamuni’s First Sermon at Sarnath
33
Gandhara bronze sculpture: Seated Buddha
34
Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan
35
Theravada
- More “orthodox” Buddhism Ethical conduct, meditation, insight,wisdom - admits human nature of Shakyamuni Main spiritual aim – Arhat -(“deserving”)“one who is worthy” = having attainednirvana yet not on one’s own like -Buddha, but with help of a teacher Members of Sangha wear orangerobes and the head shaven
36
Mahayana
– Middle Path in metaphysical sense - Buddhas = Lokottara(supramundane)Only externally connected to world Affirms simultaneous existence ofcountless Buddhas and bodhisattvaswho can interact directly withdevotees, not subject to specificlocations Main spiritual aim – bodhisattvaTraditions within Mahayana:Pure Land Sect Tibetan Buddhism Ch’an and Zen Buddhism
37
Arhat
one who is worthy
38
Maitreya
The future Buddha; a bodhisattva to appear on earth, attain nirvana, and teach the dharma, successor of current Buddha (Shakyamuni)
39
Pagoda (ta)
While stupa is a round earthenmound, the ta or pagoda isa tower
40
The Mosque of Larabanga, northwestern Ghana, 1421
41
Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali
42
Missiri Mosque, France
43
Cosmic Tree
toron as cosmic tree?
44
Fertility Cults
?
45
Geopiety
Earth’s sacramental qualities Earth as a viable force Earth as a habitat Earth as architecture
46
Granary
covered in kaolin, raised, womb shaped
47
Kaolin
soft white clay
48
Personification
Ex: Mother Earth
49
Piety
support and care
50
Toron
ancestral graves, made of sticks
51
Haus Tambaran
Papua New Guinea government building
52
Propylaeum
??
53
Antkabir (Mausoleum of Ataturk), Turkey
Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), venerated as the founder of the Republic of Turkey
54
Taj Mahal, Agra, India
“Monumentalization” of the Taj Mahal in Postcolonial India
55
Enlightenment
Reason as universal source of authority and legitimacy, religious tolerance, against prejudices, orientation towards natural sciences
56
Laicite
French concept of secularism Strong associations between national identity and anti religious secular identity (in contrast to more accommodationist states, like in the US, for whom religious liberty and political liberty are seamlessly linked)
57
Modernity
Differentiation of Christian from so-called Pagan era
58
Monument
Commemorates an idea, event, or person - existing/historical structure associated with subject to be commemorated - created intentionally for the purpose to symbolize the subject
59
Public Space
Potentiality of intersection of public space and democracy linked tocomplementary concepts of freedom, equality, and justice
60
Secularism
defining characteristic of modern democratic societies
61
UNESCO
United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization
62
United Nations
.
63
ICC
international criminal court
64
Sankore Mosque Timbuktu
.
65
Dijngareyber Mosque Timbuktu
.
66
Sidi Yahia Mosque Timbuktu
.
67
Palmyra
-Contains monumental ruins from what was once one of the most important cultural centers of the ancient world
68
War Crime
any of the following acts: . . . (iv) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives;
69
Impunity
not being punished
70
Responsibility to Protect
from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity
71
Puja
.
72
Icon/Iconoclast
.
73
The Mutter Museum, Philadelphia
1) Post-Enlightenment Veneration (Science vs. Religion) 2) Science’s New Relics 3) New Relic Chambers (cabinets and Wunderkammers) 4) The performance of ritual– circuits and trajectories 5) Emotions: awe and its role in sacrality
74
The national museum of the american indian, washington DC
.
75
The Holocaust Museum, Washington DC
memorial museum 1) As a sacred entombment or enshrinement 2) As a new altar, with new relics 3) New pantheon of quasi-saints (martyrs of war) 4) The ritual of memory and its activation
76
Aesthetics
.
77
Altar
.
78
Contact zone
.
79
Cultural Property
.
80
Curator (and cutorial decision making)
.
81
Effigy
.
82
Kunstkammer
.
83
Liminality
temporary suspension of time and place
84
Mansion-Museum
.
85
Museology
.
86
Performance
there are ceremonial aspects in museums
87
repatriation
.
88
ritual
.
89
The Normandy Cemetary, Colleville-sur-Mer, France
has "The spirit of american youth" statue
90
The Holocaust Memorial, Miami Beach
one with the hand "love and anguish"
91
Saddam's Victory, Memorial Baghdad
has helmets of enemy soldiers on it. is a casting of saddams arm
92
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington DC
designed by maya lin
93
The 9/11 memorial, NYC
example of a tribute in light
94
Commemoration
.
95
living memorial
.
96
hearth.
.
97
Kitsch
.
98
Lamassu
stone animal figures to protect. ancient site at persepolis
99
spolia
.
100
toponym
.
101
the three soldiers monument

Sacred Places (2 decks)

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