Final Exam Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
930 BC
A
The end of Solomon’s rule (his death); division of the kingdom; Jereboam to the North in Israel resists the South; Reheboam (Solomon’s son) in the South becomes king
2
Q
722 BC
A
Exile of Israel (the Northern Kingdom) by the Assyrians
3
Q
586 BC
A
Exile of Judah (the Southern Kingdom) by the Babylonians
4
Q
536 BC
A
The end of the exile; the people return to the Promised Land
5
Q
520 BC
A
Rebuilding of the second temple begins
6
Q
515 BC
A
Second Temple Rebuilt
7
Q
Joshua as the New Moses
A
Both:
- Call Israel to obey the law
- Send spies into the land
- Lead Israel through the water
8
Q
Judges Cycle
A
- The people turn from God
- God judges by delivering the people to their enemies
- The people turn back to God
- God sends a judge to rescue the people
- Period of peace under the judge
- Repeat
9
Q
Ezra and Immigration
A
- Israelite men were marrying non-Israelite women
- Ezra called to divorce and expel the women and children
- Goes beyond the explicit command of the Torah
- An overarching theme of holiness
10
Q
What is the Ban/Herem?
A
- Things that are to be banned or devoted to destruction
- Deuteronomy 20:16-18
- The killing of all of the Canaanites
11
Q
Josiah’s Reforms
A
- Kept the law carefully
- Mediated the covenant
- Reestablished the Passover
- 623 BC
- All reforms came from Deuteronomy
12
Q
Definition of Hebrew Poetry
A
- Type of elevated discourse
- Composed of terse lines
- Employing a high degree of parallelism and imagery
- Word and sound repetition and patterning also very common
- Rhyming not common
- The second line is more likely to echo, expand, or intensify the idea of the first line
13
Q
Deuteronomistic History: Part 1
A
- Hypothesis formed in 1943 by Martin Noth
- Said that stories/transitions in Josh. - Kings were a single literary work
- This view is now outdated
- Deuteronomy theology and language is found throughout these books
14
Q
Deuteronomistic History: Part 2
A
Seven speeches provide organization at key moments:
- Josh. 1 - Joshua new leader
- Josh. 12 - Israel has foothold in Canaan
- Josh. 23 - Joshua’s farewell speech
- Judg. 2 - Critique of Israel not following covenant
- 1 Sam. 12 - Saul made first king
- 1 Kings 8 - Dedication of temple
- 2 Kings 17:7 - Exile of the Northern Kingdom
15
Q
Deuteronomistic History: Part 3
A
- Speeches share the language of Deuteronomy
- Noth believed that the books were composed in the exile (outdated)
- Written by the Deuteronomic Historian (DtrH)
16
Q
Type of conquest
A
- Pertaining to the Promised Land
- Complete or partial?
- Judges describes it as partial
- Joshua describes it as both complete and partial
- Interpret figuratively - God is faithful in giving land
17
Q
Samaria
A
- Became the capital of the Northern Kingdom when or Omri was king
- When destroyed in 722 BC, the Northern Kingdom fell
- Other nations that have been conquered are resettled in Samaria (beginning of the Samaritans)
18
Q
Samuel (person)
A
- Hannah barren, gives birth to Samuel (“God heard”)
- In return, she devoted him to divine service
- Contrast Samuel with Eli’s sons
- Anointed Saul as king over Israel
19
Q
Define a Judge (Judges)
A
- Not like how it is today
- They were people who led when the need arose
- Typically military leaders/chieftains
- They did not call people back to God
- Dealt with certain areas of Israel, not all of Israel
20
Q
“Fear of the Lord”
A
- The theme of the book of Proverbs
- As described in Proverbs 1:7
- Not to be scared of the Lord but…
- Awe before God, worship, observance of the law
21
Q
Manasseh
A
- King of Judah ( the Southern Kingdom) from 689-640 BC
- Very bad king
- Blamed for (possibly) being the cause of the exile
- In Chronicles, was written to be a better king
22
Q
Jereboam/Rehoboam
A
Jereboam
- An Ephramite
- Became king of Israel (the Northern Kingdom) after the death of Solomon
- Organized resistance to Solomon
Rehoboam
- Solomon’s son
- Became king of Judah (the Southern Kingdom) after Solomon’s death
- He did not lighten taxation or governmental duty but made them heavier
- Established temples at Bethel and Dan
23
Q
Omri
A
- Was a general
- His dynasty ran from 876-842 BC
- He usurps the Northern Kingdom’s throne and moves the capital to Samaria
- A wicked king but not a wicked as his son
24
Q
Parallelism
A
Two types are found within Psalms:
- Synonymous Parallelism - the second line is more likely to echo, expand, or identify the idea in the first line
- Antithetic Parallelism - draws contrast
25
Edict of Cyrus
- Judah was in exile beginning in 586 BC
- The Assyrians took over after the Babylonians
- Cyrus the Great issued a decree in 539 BC: the Jews can return to their land
26
Views on the ban/herem
There were six distinct views of herem:
- Fictional: the killing did not happen
- Divine Mystery: we will never know, we're not God
- Ancient Context: common to kill everyone in the ancient world
- Hyperbole: we know the Canaanites were still living, way of showing victory
- Punishment: Canaanites were punished for wickedness
- Remnant: Mercy shown to faithful Canaanites (ex. Rahab)
27
How to Interpret Proverbs
- Proverbs are not universal truths, they are not context sensitive
- Wise people know how to interpret the situation they find themselves in
- Call for reflection and imagination
- Taking account of timing and situation
- Convey what might happen, or the wisest course of action, but not what always happens
28
Martin Noth
- Formed the hypothesis of Deuteronomistic theology in 1943
- Viewed the books of Josh.-Kings (besides Ruth) as one continuous writing
- He also believed that these books were composed in the exile
- His beliefs are now considered to be outdated
29
Hezekiah
- A king of the Southern Kingdom from 715-689 BC
- A good king
- Son of Ahaz
- Said to be the fulfillment of God's promise to Ahaz
30
Importance of Psalm 89
- The climax in Psalms
- Topic: God's faithfulness and the Davidic Covenant
- Parts of Psalm 89:
- 3-18: Early monarchy (900's)
- 19-37: Time of Josiah (600's)
- 38-51: Exile (500's)
- The Psalm ends with: Has the Davidic Covenant failed?
31
Esther/No Mention of God
- Reminds us that God is present even when it seems he is not
- Seen as a comedy
- A theme of hiddenness: Esther keeping identity hidden, God hidden throughout the book, etc.
- Irony and reversal
32
Retribution Theory (Principle)
- Chronicles holds to verifiable consequences of punishment
- Sin brings judgement and disorder
- Obedience brings order and prosperity
- The point: Chronicles does this to warn his community not to think that punishment might be deferred
- Do what is right - follow God
- Punishment was usually deferred in Samuel/Kings
- Culminates in the exile of Israel and Judah
33
Symbolism of Solomonic Temple
- Symbolizes the world over which God rules
- P with an X through was an early symbol to show the following of God
- The outer courtyard, which had a bowl of water and an alter, showed God's rule over chaos
- Small looking people meant God's presence was bigger
- The outer room of the temple is where the priest could be seen in front of an incense altar
- Pictures of plants and animals symbolized the world in microcosm
- The Holy of Holies was a perfect cube covered in gold in which God's presence was located
34
A repeat of the views on the ban/harem
```
About halfway done
Take a break
Eat some chocolate
Take a nap
Whatever :)
```
35
Different Types of Psalms
- Lament Psalms: most common type of Psalm, psalmist feel as of God has rejected him, God desires honesty and wants to hear from us in good and bad times
- Royal Psalms: composed for an event connected with the life of a king
- Hymns or Songs of Praise: begin with a call to praise
- Songs of Thanksgiving: Psalms originated as a grateful response to God for a specific act of deliverance
- Zion Psalms: celebrates the Lord's choice of Mt. Zion in Jerusalem, God would protect his city for the sake of his promise to David and because of the temple
- Wisdom and Torah: Offer reflections on the possibilities and the problems of life before God and advice on how best to live that life
- Liturgies: worshiper asking a question in v. 1 and the priest responding to the question in vv. 2-5
36
Problems with Solomon's Reign
- Build temple but needs workers and there are cost overruns
- Sets up 12 districts for administration and taxation and to weaken tribal loyalty
- Cuts up northern and southern tribes
- Gives territory in the north to Phoenecia
- Conscripts Israel to build a temple
- These actions lead to a civil war after his death
- Massive budget deficits with building projects
- Dissatisfaction by conscripted labor gangs
- High taxation
- Tolerance of religious beliefs of his wives
37
Authorship of Proverbs
- Proverbs 1:1, 10:1, 25:1, 30:1, 31:1
- Hezekiah (715-689 BC) King of Judah
- Agur/Lemuel - foreign people and rulers
- Proverbs are collected wisdom compiled over a long period of time
38
Who was Job?
- No indication that he was an Israelite
- Place names suggest he was an Edomite
- Setting in the book appears early (patriarchal period)
- Writing of books is compiled after the exile (c. 500 BC)
39
Division of Proverbs
- Chapters 1-9: form is long poems, strong emphasis on moral right and wrong
- Chapters 10-31: large and independent proverbs, many of them couplets (meant to work with another proverb before or after it)
40
Audience of Proverbs
- Addressed to young men who were "pressured" to be scribes
| - Don't join gangs, don't be sexually seduced; wisdom can be used in right and wrong ways
41
"The Satan"
- Title rather than a proper name
- The adversary or accuser (like a Prosecuting Attorney) in Job
- Israel does not yet know of a chief of demons
- Shows the development of Satan
- Tells God to bring upon Job trials to test his faithfulness
42
Amenemope
- Egyptian king
- His writings were before the time of Proverbs
- Proverbs "borrowed from" him
- Showed the wisdom of Egypt
- Wisdom is international and beyond just Israel
- "Secular wisdom" was incorporated into Proverbs as keys for skillful living
43
Dan/Bethel
- The places in which Jeroboam establishes temples
- Both Abraham and Jacob sacrificed at Bethel
- The Tel Dan Inscription was found in Dan
44
Nebuchadnezzar
- The king of the Babylonians who led the capture of Jerusalem (Judah/The Southern Kingdom) in 586 BC
45
Samaritans
- Israel/Samaria was destroyed in 722 BC by the Assyrians
- Other nations that have been conquered are settled in Samaria
- Yeah, I got nothing else
46
Nehemiah and Intermarriage
- Don't repeat the sins of Solomon
| - Holiness
47
Judges as a Political Literature
- Northern tribes portrayed negatively: cannot drive Canaanites out of the land, Mount Ephraim and shire of Dan seen as sinful
- Judah described as being a successful tribe: faithful to God, drive Canaanites out of the land, faithful to God in covenant
- Gibeah/Benjamin - birthplace of the tribe of Saul, gruesome rape occurs at Gibeah, tribe of Benjamin almost destroyed
48
Purim
- How Jews were saved from Persian Haman
- Chapter 9 of Esther supplies the reason to celebrate Purim
- Pur means "the casting of lots"
- Haman cast a lot to destroy the Jews
- Jews survive and Haman is killed
49
Elijah/Elisha
Elijah
- Stories describe the battle between God and Baal
- His name means "my God is YHWH"
- Challenges the prophets of Baal on Mt. Caramel
- God wins and Israel sides with Elijah
- Is taken up to heaven in a whirlwind
- Becomes a precursor to the Messiah
Elisha
- Prophetic responsibility shifts from Elijah to Elisha
- Asked for a double-portion of Elijah's spirit, "treat me as your eldest"
- Parts the Jordan -> "go away bald-head"
- Early way of God seeing if Elisha can handle the responsibility
- Result: God will protect him
50
Ahab
- Omri's son
- Took over ruling Israel after Omri's death
- Married Jezebel, a Phoenician
- Even more wicked than Omri
- Promoted the worship of Baal
- Challenged by Elijah
51
Tel Dan Inscription
- Means "House of David"
- Found during evacuations of Dan in northern Israel
- Written in Aramaic
- Most likely written by Hazael
- Boasts of his victories over Omri
- Created between 870-750 BC
52
Types of Wisdom Literature
- Affirms that life follows rationally understandable order and happiness is attainable through living in harmony with laws and structures set in place by God (mostly Proverbs)
- Takes serious aspects of life that seem incomprehensible, especially where acts do not seem to not receive the rewards they deserve, either good or ill (reflection and disputation) (Job and Ecclesiastes)
53
Qohelet
- The Hebrew name for the book of Ecclesiastes
54
Depiction of Saul in Samuel
- Israel wanted a king, rejected YHWH in the position of a king
- Saul anointed "Messiah"
- Looked like a king but did not act like one
- Had a strong tendency to make bad judgements
- Began obsessing on how to kill David
King Saul as a Tragedy
- Saul preforms a burnt offering -> dynasty will not endure
- Saul makes a rash vow -> Military loses faith in him
- Does not completely destroy Amalek -> Saul himself rejected as king
- Saul consults a witch -> his death is pronounced
- Saul dies -> his body is mutilated and displayed
55
Joshua as Precursor to Josiah
```
Both:
- Kept the law carefully
- Mediated the covenant
- Reestablished the Passover
Point:
- Helps to emphasize/support the role of Josiah's reforms as a very good king
```
56
Importance of Hannah's Song
- Introduces the main themes of the Samuel scrolls
- YHWH raises up and he pulls down (theme of reversal of fortunes)
- Saul contrasted with David
- Goliath contrasted with David
- Philistines contrasted with Israelites
- Connects with Mary's song
57
Importance of the Speeches in Josh.-Kings
Seven key speeches provide organization in key moments:
- Josh. 1: Joshua new leader
- Josh. 12: Israel has foothold in Canaan
- Josh. 23: Joshua's farewell speech
- Judg. 2: Critique of Israel not following the Covenant
- 1 Sam. 12: Saul made first king
- 1 Kings 8: Dedication of the temple
- 2 Kings 17: 7: Exile of the Northern Kingdom
58
Which three cities physically burned
- Jericho: first city to be destroyed, destruction in 1500 BC, appears to be unoccupied for next 300 years;
- Ai: Israel first defeated then destroyed, appears to be unoccupied from 1550-1200
- Hazor: most important city in the north, one of the biggest cities in all of Israel, best evidence: major destruction in 1550
59
Order of world empires
- ABPGR
- Assyrian
- Babylonian
- Persian
- Greek
- Roman
60
Depiction of David in Chronicles
- David is the 7th son, signifies completion/perfection in the Bible
- Smooth transition of David to king, no period of fighting the northern tribes
- Did everything allowable for building the temple short of building it itself
61
Difference Between Thanksgiving and Praise Psalm
- Thanksgiving is thanking God for something that he has done, such as acts of deliverance
- Praise began with a call to praise followed by reasons for the praise
62
Three Main Points the Prophets Indicted Israel on
- Idolatry
- Social Injustice
- Religious Ritualism
63
Pre-monarchy Prophets
- Acted like leaders
- People such as Moses and Deborah
- They spoke to the people
64
Pre-classical Prophets
- Acted like advisors
- Spoke to the king and the court
- People such as Nathan, Elijah, and Elisha
65
Classical Prophets
- Acted like social/spiritual commentators
- Spoke to the people
- People such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos, Hosea, etc. (those who had books written after them)
66
Ahaz
- Father of Hezekiah
- King of Judah - a good king
- Rezin king of Syria and Pekah king of Israel wanted him off of the throne
- Wanted him to join them in battle against the Assyrians -> they would fall to Assyria first
- God does not want Ahaz to be afraid
- Gives him a sign even though he does not want one
- Not a faithful follower of YHWH
- Sign was a child
- Probably Hezekiah
67
Shiloh
- The place where Joshua and Eleazar divided the Promised Land among the tribes
- Important religious site prior to the temple
- The Tabernacle was here
68
Structure of Psalms
5 Books
- Psalm 1-41
- Psalm 42-72
- Psalm 73-89
- Psalm 90-106
- Psalm 107-150
