Final Exam Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
the study of the “house” (world)
A
ecology
2
Q
the study of the distribution of plants and animals in space and what kinds of things describe it
A
biogeography
3
Q
10 in of snow equals how many inches of liquid precipitation
A
1 inch
4
Q
tropical forest is
A
hot and wet
5
Q
deciduous forest is
A
temperate and wet
6
Q
spruce-fir forest is
A
cool and wet
7
Q
moist tundra is
A
polar and wet
8
Q
between biomes the transitions are
A
gradual
9
Q
transition zone between two different ecosystems
A
ecotone
10
Q
German geographer spent a lot of time in central and south america
A
Alexander von Humboldt
11
Q
latitudinal vegetation can be similar to
A
altitudinal vegetation
12
Q
there is less vegetation where there is a
A
high sun angle
13
Q
the sphere of life
A
biosphere
14
Q
large terrestrial based ecosystems
A
biomes
15
Q
there are ______ species of plants
A
270,000
16
Q
there are __ biomes
A
10
17
Q
ETR biome name
A
Equatorial and Tropical Rainforest
18
Q
the ETR biome has no
A
dry season
19
Q
Amazon Basin (not just Brazil), Congo basin, and southeast Asia
A
ETR
20
Q
in the ETR there is not a lot of
A
variation
21
Q
ETR challenges for plants
A
soils are nutrient poor
22
Q
lianas are
A
vines
23
Q
a plant that uses another plant for physical support
A
epiphyte
24
Q
a plant that starts as an epiphyte and take over a tree by strangling it
A
stranglers
25
TrSF biome name
Tropical Seasonal Forest and Scrub
26
Pacific coast of central America and central/ southern Africa
TrSF
27
TrSF has a __ month winter dry season
4
28
TrSF climograph will have
4 month winter dry season, very wet summer, hot year round
29
the ITCZ affects Myanmar in what biome
trsf
30
trsf has dry season
desiduosness
31
Topography, ITCZ, orographic uplift, NE Trade winds, all effect ____ on the windward side of the central American volcanic access
precipitation
32
____ rainforest is very diverse, trees always have leaves, and its river has more water by volume than all rivers in the US
Amazon
33
what allowed people to cultivate crops in nutrient poor soils
slash and burn agriculture
34
trsf has high
animal diversity
35
TrS biome name
Tropical Savanna
36
TrS has a lot of
grasslands and scattered trees
37
the Sahel of Africa, parts of Brazil, Venezuela, and Columbia
TrS
38
TrS dry (winter) season is
6-7 months
39
TrS wet (summer) season is never longer than
6 months
40
TrS is wet when it is under the influence of the ____ in its respective hemisphere
intertropical convergence zone
41
In the TrS grasses are very tall and green in the
wet season
42
___ is good for the TrS ecosystem to renew itself for the wet season, usually occurs because of lighning
fire
43
plants that are able to cope with the dry season
xerophytic
44
plants have smaller leaves when
they want to save moisture bc they do not transpire as much
45
vegetation along the banks of a river
riparian vegetation
46
__ climates are arid
B
47
the supply of moisture never meets the demand in the
desert
48
in the desert precipitation is always less than
POTET (Potential Evapotranspiration)
49
deserts cover ___ of the earth's terrestrial surface
1/3
50
there are _ kinds of deserts
4
51
what kind of desert when air comes down from above and there is not precipitation; occurs in the Northern Hemisphere and central Australia
Sub Tropical High Pressure Desert
52
what are the 4 kinds of deserts
Subtropical high pressure, coastal, interior, and rain shadow
53
what kind of desert is on the west coast of continents, all have cold currents off their coasts which cools the air above it, the cold air is then stagnant; occurs in the W Coast of Mexico, and S America
Coastal desert
54
An inland desert away from the coast; occurs across Asia
interior desert
55
Patagonia desert is a ____ and a ____ desert
rain shadow desert and a cold desert
56
____ decreases rapidly from west to east towards the Atlantic ocean in Patagonia
precipitation
57
Deserts do not all have to be ___
hot
58
the Sahara desert can have a temperature range from ____ to ____
126 F to 26 F
59
there is infrequent ______ in a desert
precipitation
60
dew and fog are an important source of moisture for
coastal deserts
61
salty soils are common in ____ because of irrigation
deserts
62
plants that don't live long but before they die they seed and the seeds can lie around for years and will still be able to be germinated
ephemeral annuals
63
_______ have root systems that are long and sometimes can reach the water table
phreatophytes
64
_____ will release toxins in the soil to get rid of competition
Allellopathy
65
leaves that are ____ and ____ are less likely to lose moisture
tough and waxy
66
____ is when water fills the crook of a canyon and gush out and then leave sediments that were suspended in the water
alluvial fan
67
MGr name
Midlatitude Grasslands
68
Great Plains (N. Am), pampas of Argentina & Uruguay, piece in S Africa (High Veldt), Central Asia and Middle East
MGr
69
There are usually only _____ trees in the MGr
riparian
70
there is a lot of variation in _____ in MGr
temperature
71
there is no ______ in the MGr
dry season; precipitation all year long
72
MSh name
Mediterranean shrubland
73
Characteristics of MSh
dry summer subtropical
74
SW Africa, SW Australia, Northern Africa, part of the Middle East, and Southern Europe
MSh
75
Temperatures in MSh
dry hot summer, low relative humidity, mild winter
76
Precipitation in MSh
dry summer, moderately wet winter
77
MSh is influenced by ____ and ____ seasonally based on their movement
ITCZ and subtropical highs
78
very strong high _____ (_____) on their coasts
pressure (anticyclones)
79
small dense shrubs and tree-cover is called
chaparral vegetation
80
50% of the ___ is chaparral and the other 50% is grasslands
MSh
81
____ vegetation is restricted to a particular area
endemic
82
MSh has a lot of ____ vegetation
evergreen
83
MSh has very _____ soils
hydrophobic: top layer of the soil is water repellent
84
leaves that are flat and expansive (broad)
broadleaf
85
leaves that resemble needles
needleleaf
86
experiences the seasonal loss of leaves, onset of the dry season
deciduous
87
doesn't experience seasonal loss of leaves
evergreen
88
"ancient" plants, seed is in a cone and is released, commonly known as a conifer
Gymnosperms (Ex: pine cone)
89
Have seeds that are encased in a fruit, nut, or pod, all broadleaf trees are these type
Angiosperms (Ex: Cherry- fruit, walnuts- nut, maple tree- pod)
90
MBME biome name
Midlatitude Broadleaf Mixed Forest
91
Eastern US into the midwest, western and central Europe, and East Asia
MBME
92
MBME is typically a ______ phenomena
northern hemisphere
93
MBME is known for temperature _____ and no _______
extremes; dry season
94
Chicago is colder than Rochester because
Chicago is more landlocked
95
TeR biome name
Temperate Rain Forest
96
the pacific northwestern US into British Columbia (main location)
TeR
97
Tasmania, New Zealand, and Southern South America (small portions)
TeR
98
TeR supports growth of ______ and ______ without a lot of diversity in vegetation
Broadleaf deciduous trees and needleleaf evergreen trees
99
There are no temperature ____ in the TeR but there is a lot of _____
extremes; precipitation
100
_____ needs environmental triggers, like fire, to release seeds from their cone/pod
Serontinous
101
NF/MF biome name
Needleleaf forest/ Montane Forest
102
Scandinavia and Russia, Most of Canada and a small ribbon in N. America
NF/MF
103
Montane forests are found
at high altitudes (not really important)
104
Boreal is ______ while Austral is ______
northern; southern
105
what tree is deciduous needleleaf and loses its needles
Larch (Tamarack) Tree
106
Larch tree is found in
very harsh areas, Northern part of the NF biome, with brutal extremes
107
There is not much species diversity in the _____ forest
Borreal
108
What does the cone shape of trees do for them
it gives them more of an opportunity to receive solar radiation
109
Northern fringe of Alaska, N. America, Greenland, Russia
Arctic tundra
110
two types of tundra
arctic and alpine
111
Arctic tundra characteristics
long nasty winters, low sun angles, massive variation in length of day, under polar high pressure for most of the year
112
it can go below freezing any day of the year in what biome
arctic tundra
113
Major difference between arctic and alpine tundra
arctic tundra has permafrost everywhere, not likely in alpine tundra (but not impossible)
114
the tundra is the only ______ biome
treeless
115
Alpine tundra occurs at
lower latitudes, high altitudes in mountainous areas
116
Tibetan plateau and central Andes (Altiplano)
Alpine tundra
117
Some parts of ____ tundra can be kind of warm with higher sun angles
alpine
118
the landscapes of both kinds of ____ resemble each other (treeless, etc)
tundra
119
The tree line decreases in elevation the farther you get from
the equator
