FINAL EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
rhythm
A
the organization of time in music
2
Q
measure or a bar
A
a group of beats
3
Q
meter
A
gathering of beats into regular groups
4
Q
duple meter
A
two beats per measure
5
Q
quadruple meter
A
four beats per measure
6
Q
how is meter in music indicated
A
through the use of the meter signature
7
Q
syncopation
A
the accent gets placed on the weak beat or between the beats
8
Q
tempo
A
the speed at which the beats progress
9
Q
grave or largo
A
very slow
10
Q
adagio
A
slow
11
Q
allegretto
A
moderately fast
12
Q
presto
A
very fast
13
Q
accelerando and ritardando
A
getting faster and getting slower
14
Q
pitch
A
the relative position, high or low, of a musical sound
15
Q
antecedent and consequent
A
opens and closes
question and answer
16
Q
dynamics
A
the various levels of volume, soft to loud
17
Q
fortissimo
A
very loud
18
Q
forte
A
loud
19
Q
messo forte
A
moderately loud
20
Q
mezzo piano
A
moderately soft
21
Q
piano
A
soft
22
Q
pianissimo
A
very soft
23
Q
sforzando
A
a sudden, loud attack on one note or chord
24
Q
colour
A
the tonal quality of any sound produced
25
timbre
the tonal quality of any sound produced
26
monophony
one sounding, a single line of music with no harmony
27
homophony
same sounding, all voices or lines move together to new pitches at roughly the same time
28
polyphony
monay sounding, requires tow of more lines in the musical fabric
29
counterpoint
the harmonious opposition of two or more independent musical lines
30
strophic form
the composer sets the words of the first poetic stanza and then uses the same melody for all subsequent stanzas
31
binary form
two contrasting units
32
melismatic singing
many notes sung to just one syllable
33
organum
early four voice church polyphony
34
Proper of the Mass
monophonic, "to be proper" for the feast day in question
35
Ordinary of the Mass
polyphonic, the parts that are played every sunday
36
rondeau
the musical refrain appears several times...
37
motet
French for the "word"... setting of a sacred text to music
38
Doctrine of Affections
an aesthetic theory that holds that music can and should be used to affect different emotional states
39
monody
solo singing
40
basso continuo
bass-driven chordal support, comprised of cello and harpsichord
41
figured bass
numerical shorthand placed below the bass line that indicates what notes to play in the chord
42
recitative
musically heightened speech through which the plot of the opera was communicated to the audience
43
Aria
passionate, expansive, tuneful, clear meters and regular rhythms - tells plot
44
arioso
between recitative and aria - tells how the character feels
45
chamber cantata
music for soloists performed in home
46
basso osinato
repetition of bass line, "stubborn" bass
47
ground bass
what the british called basso osinato
48
idiomatic writing
exploitation of the strengths and avoidance of the weaknesses of particular voices and instruments
49
orchestra
the ensemble of musicians, organized around a core of strings with added woodwinds and brasses playing under a leader
50
sonata
instrumental piece: usually 4 parts: slow, fast slow fast
51
trio sonata
four musicians: 1st and 2nd violin, cello, harpsichord
52
concerto
to strive together
53
ritornello form
"return"
54
fugue
a composition for two, three, four, or five parts played or sung, which beings with a presentation of subject in imitation, (exposition) continues with modulation of subject (episodes) and ends with a strong affirmation of the tonic key
55
pedal point
a note, usually in the bass, that is sustained or repeated for a time while harmonies change around it, usually indicates the end is near
56
cadenza
a showy passage for a solo instrument toward the end of the concerto
57
chorale
a spiritual melody or religious folksong of the Lutheran Church (aka a hymn)
58
prelude
a short preparatory piece that sets a mood and serves as a technical warm-up for the player before the fugue
59
dance suite
a collection of dances, usually from 2-7, all in one key and for one group of instruments
60
oratorio
"something sung in an oratory" a prayer with music
61
minuet
a stately dance in triple meter
62
trio
originally played with only three instruments, and the name has persisted even though many instruments can play a trio
63
sonata-allegro
four movement symphony that took form in classical period, consists of intro, exposition, development, recapitulation, coda
64
diminished chord
a chord comprised of two minor thirds
65
rubato
"robbed" a term that refers to timing that speeds up and slows down
66
character piece
a miniature, usually written for piano, captures a single mood
67
diminution
a process where the line is played twice as fast as originally scored
68
Risorgimento
the movement for a united Italy, led by Verdi
69
recitativo accompagnato
a recitativo that is accompanied by the orchestra, so as to be less jarring
70
cabaletta
a fast concluding aria in which the increaed speed of the music allows for the singer to rush off the stage
71
Gesamtkunstwerk
the total work - the unified force of everything needed to put an opera together
72
Bayreuth Festival
a opera fest, first staged in 1876, showing only Wagner operas
73
liebestod
love-death
74
leitmotif
a light motive, signature tune, each character has their own leitmotif
75
verismo opera
a real life story, told opera style - Puccini's La Boheme
76
double stops
playing two notes on a stringed instrument at once
77
Impressionism
the rejection of photographic realism, the idea was to reproduce the senses in a single fleeting moment
78
polymeter
two or more meters sounding simultaneously
79
polyrhythm
two or more rhythms sounding simultaneously
80
polychord
simultaneous sounding of one triad or seventh chord with another
81
atonal music
music not based on the tonal system
82
sprechstimme
speech voice, a vocal technique that requires the singer to declaim the text rather than sing it
83
twelve tone music
all twelve tones must be played before they can be repeated, a non-hierarchical system
84
what are the four voices of the ORGANUM
Quadruplum, triplum, duplum, tenor
85
what are the seven chord names
I tonic, II supertonic, III mediant, IV subdominant, V dominant, VI submediant, VII subtonic
86
what is the AMEN cadence
IV - I
87
talea
rhythmic pattern within isorhythmic stucture
88
isorhythm
meaning "same rhythm" a lengthy pattern normally occurring in the tenor. first used 14th CE
89
hocket
contrapuntal technique with a specific texture, namely, the insertion of rests not as a demarcation of the end of a phrase, often giving rise to syncopation
90
color
melodic pattern within isorhythmic structure
91
enharmonic spelling
one pitch spelled in two different ways, ie, C# = Db
92
monophony
single line of music
93
homophony
all voices moving at the same time
94
tactus
to touch - a term used by music theorists of late middle ages and renaissance to indicate the fundamental division in music
95
tempo
speed of the beats
96
rhythm
organization of time
97
what are the three types of plainsong
direct (no distinction between choir and soloist), responsorial (alternation between soloist and choir), antiphonal (choir split into two groups)
98
what year was the switch from parchment to paper
about 1400
