Final Exam

Question 1

Orchestras in the Romantic Period

Answer 1

They were larger and more varied in tone color than the classical orchestra. They also might include up to a hundred musicians.

Question 2

Exoticism

Answer 2

music in which the rhythms, melodies, or instrumentation are designed to evoke the atmosphere of far-off lands or ancient times.

Question 3

Nationalism

Answer 3

the use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them.

Question 4

Program Music

Answer 4

music that is intended to evoke images or convey the impression of events.

Question 5

Program Symphony

Answer 5

a piece of music for orchestra or other large ensemble which follows the form of a symphony (several movements, contrast between slow and fast, use of sonata-allegro form)

Question 6

Absolute Music

Answer 6

instrumental music composed purely as music, and not intended to represent or illustrate something else.

Question 7

Incidental Music

Answer 7

music in a play, television program, radio program, video game, film, or some other presentation form that is not primarily musical.

Question 8

Nocturne

Answer 8

a short composition of a romantic or dreamy character suggestive of night, typically for piano.

Question 9

Etude

Answer 9

a short musical composition, typically for one instrument, designed as an exercise to improve the technique or demonstrate the skill of the player.

Question 10

Symphonic Poem

Answer 10

a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.

Question 11

How did Franz Liszt earn his living?

Answer 11

As a touring piano virtuoso up to age 36.

Question 12

What did Liszt’s music consist of?

Answer 12

unprecedented dynamics, leaps, rapid octaves, and arpeggios

Question 13

Franz Liszt was…

Answer 13

charismatic, an incredible performer, an innovative composer

Question 14

Who created the symphonic poem?

Answer 14

Franz Liszt

Question 15

Who composed the Revolutionary Etude?

Answer 15

Frederic Chopin, it has challenging rapid passages for the left hand.

Question 16

Frederic Chopin

Answer 16

wrote mostly exquisite miniatures.

Question 17

Who composed the Fantastic Symphony?

Answer 17

Hector Berlioz, it startled Parisians and was a piece with an autobiographical program, novel orchestration, and visions of the weird and diabolical as well as a march to the scaffold.

Question 18

Hector Berlioz

Answer 18

Enjoyed a career as a conductor outside of France and he created new orchestral tone colors.

Question 19

P.I. Tchaikovsky

Answer 19

Composed Romeo and Juliet - initially a dismal failure.

Question 20

Richard Wagner

Answer 20

Associated people, objects or thoughts with a musical idea called leitmotif.

Question 21

Who composed the Ring Cycle?

Answer 21

It was composed by Richard Wagner which although it contained gods, magic, and giants, was really a commentary on 19th-century society and culture.

Question 22

20th Century Music

Answer 22

• A time of revolt and change
• Does not follow the general musical structures of earlier periods
• Composers drew inspiration from folk and pop music, Asia and Africa, and all eras of European music, not just serious art music

Question 23

Impressionism and symbolism started where?

Answer 23

In France.

Question 24

When did radio broadcasts begin to reach audiences?

Answer 24

The 1920s.

Question 25

Impressionism

Answer 25

- A style associated with composer Claude Debussy | - Does not feature clearly delineated forms

Question 26

Expressionism

Answer 26

- An art form associated with social protest - Rejects conventional prettiness - Used deliberate distortion to assault and shock audiences

Question 27

Claude Debussy

Answer 27

An impressionist composer who's piece: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun depicts a creature who is half man, half goat.

Question 28

Richard Strauss

Answer 28

Wrote operas that used chromaticism and dissonance to depict perversion and murder.

Question 29

Igor Stravinsky

Answer 29

- Studied composition with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov - Composed The Rite of Spring – an example of primitivism, causing the most famous riot in music history in 1913, required an enormous orchestra - Innovator in rhythm, harmony, and tone color - Drew inspiration from 18th-century music in later years

Question 30

Blues

Answer 30

- Usually follows a 12 bar pattern for improvisation - Can be happy, sad, fast or slow - May be vocal or instrumental

Question 31

Jazz

Answer 31

- Began in bars and brothels but is now considered an American art form - Is a combination of martial music, blues, and ragtime - Features “Call and response” between voices and/or instruments - Backbone of the jazz ensemble is the rhythm section

Question 32

Dixieland or New Orleans Style Jazz

Answer 32

Flourished from 1900 to 1917 and feature collective improvisation.

Question 33

Sing Style Jazz

Answer 33

- Flourished from 1935 to 1945 - Usually featured a rhythm section made up of piano, percussion, guitar, and bass - Often featured saxophone as a solo instrument

Question 34

Duke Ellington

Answer 34

- The most prolific composer of Swing Style Jazz | - He used a rich variety of tone color, harmony and distinctive sounds of individual musicians.

Question 35

Bebop Style Jazz

Answer 35

Differed from earlier jazz styles in that it was meant for attentive listening not dancing. -Featured saxophonist Charlie Parker, one of the greatest of all jazz improvisers.

Question 36

Free Jazz

Answer 36

Typically did not follow a set form of harmony.