Final Exam Flashcards by Har Benkula

True or False
When heifers expressed as a percentage of total feedlot placements are above 36%, it is an indication that herd expansion is occurring.

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

The dairy industry is not important in terms of beef production in the U.S.

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

When measuring tenderness in beef, shear force increases as the % Bos indicus influence increases.

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Visual appraisal is not necessary when selecting cattle to breed.

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

EPDs do not change overtime

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Most genetic progress in herds that retain their own females is made through sire selection.

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Crossbreeding Angus x Hereford results in the same percentage of heterosis as 1/2 Angus x 1/4 Hereford x 1/4 Simmental.

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

There is an inverse relationship between heritability and heterosis

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many months would it take for a producer to obtain their first revenue from developing a replacement heifer?

a. 12-14
b. 20-24
c. 28-30
d. 36-38

c. 28-30

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Currently, annual feed cost per cow is approximately?

a. $125 - 250/ year
b. $350 - 450/ year
c. $600 - 700/ year
d. $1,000 - 1,200/ year

c. $600 - 700/ year

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following breeds does not have Bos indicus influence?

a. Brangus
b. Maine Anjou
c. Santa Gertrudis
d. Beefmaster

b. Maine Anjou

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When appraising cattle, width of base is used as an indicator of _____?

a. Muscle
b. Bone
c. Fat
d. Capacity

a. Muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____ is the ability for a mature female to maintain body condition while in lactation.

a. Depth of body
b. Maternal instincts
c. Milking ability
d. Fleshing ability

d. Fleshing ability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For a cow-calf operation selling feeder calves compared to retained ownership, which index EPD would be the most important to consider?

a. Cow energy index
b. Feedlot value index
c. Gridlot value index
d. Beef value index

b. Feedlot value index

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In this mating system, all calves are marketed, and no replacements are saved.

a. Composite
b. Crossbreeding
c. Seedstock
d. Terminal

d. Terminal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The 3 major uses for corn produced in the U.S. are _____, _____, and _____.

Biofuel
Livestock feed
Human consumption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Animal performance = _____ + _____

Genetics

Environment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

$value indexes are in reference to _____ EPDs.

Economic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

This cows that gain weight after calving have improved conception rates - but they are still not optimal

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

MGA is cleared for use in lactating cows, but not in heifers.

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Beef cattle with a BCS of 5, 6, and 7 are considered in optimal condition

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Winter feeding represents the largest portion of the annual nutrient cost on cow-calf operation

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False
It is not important to yes the mineral content of water on your pasture when designing a nutrient supplementation program

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Frequency of grazing affects plant vigor

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False | Forage availability is a good indicator of forage quality

False

What is the maximum number of days that should elapse from calving to conception to maintain a yearly calving interval? a. 83 b. 120 c. 94 d. 160

a. 83

It is recommended that dietary fat content not exceed 5 to 6% (on a dry matter basis) in diets for beef cattle because fat can _____? a. Provide excessive energy b. Reduce protein utilization c. Compromise ovarian function d. Compromise fiber digestion

d. Compromise fiber digestion

Which 2 nutrients are the costliest to provide? a. Energy and Protein b. Water and Protein c. Minerals and Vitamins d. All are equal

a. Energy and protein

Using TDN % the rule of thumb for meeting energy requirements of cows is 55-60-65. At which stage of gestation is TDN content recommended to be at least 55%? a. Late gestation b. Early lactation c. Mid-gestation d. The whole gestation period

c. Mid-gestation

Beef cattle cannot graze on slope grades greater than _____% a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

b. 20

Growth of cool season (C3) grasses occurs in _____? a. Mid-winter b. Early-fall c. Mid-summer d. None of the above

b. Early-fall

Which of the following should be considered when designing grazing management plans? a. Season of grazing b. Plant distribution c. Kind and class of animals d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which situation is worse? a. Over grazing b. Under grazing c. Both A and B are unhealthy d. Neither A or B is unhealthy

c. Both A and B are unhealthy

Replacement heifers should be bred at _____ months of age, calves at _____ years of age, and be maintained in the herd for _____ years.

15 2 7-10

True or False | Rest periods during transportation do not improve the health and welfare of feeder calves.

False

True or False Besides bunk scoring, good bunk management also takes into account other behaviors exhibited by cattle, including aggression

True

True or False | Ammonia emissions from the pen surface in feedlots are greater in winter than in summer

False

True or False | High stress cattle handling results in an increase in dark cutters.

True

True or False | Good record keeping is one of the key strengths of the U.S beef industry

True

True or False | Maximizing consumer confidence is not a key goal of beef quality assurance

False

True or False The feedlot finishing of a greater number of dairy cows from 2011 to 2016 has contributed to the overall increase in quality grade in the U.S.

True

True or False | Following vaccination, all immune responses are proactive against disease

False

True or False | The best vaccine will make up for poor management

False

_____ is an ionophore fed to feedlot cattle to improve average daily gain and feed efficiency a. Melengesterol acetate b. Monensin c. Ractopamine d. Tylosin

b. Monensin

Vitamin _____ is supplemented to finishing cattle to improve product shelf life? a. Vitamin B b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K

c. Vitamin E

When feeding finishing cattle using a bunk system, an ideal bunk management score would be _____ a. 0 b. 1/2 - 1 c. 2 - 3 d. 3 - 4

b. 1/2 - 1

_____ is the primary processing method for corn fed to feedlot cattle in the U.S. a. Steam flaking b. Rolling c. Cracking d. Grinding

a. Steam flaking

The following gas is produced during anaerobic digestion of manure and it is used as a source of renewable energy a. O2 b. CO2 c. CH4 d. None of the above

c. CH4

Beef from "non-fed" cattle (cows and bulls) makes up _____% of U.S. beef production a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 40

c. 20

It is not recommended to sell cull cows during _____ as prices are at their lowest during this time of the year? a. Summer b. Spring c. Winter d. Fall

d. Fall

Cull cows require _____ lb of DM per lb of gain compared to 5.5 to 6.5 lb of DM per lb of gain for feedlot cattle. a. 2 to 4 b. 6 to 8 c. 10 to 14 d. 20 to 30

c. 10 to 14

Which of the following is not included in the contents of a vaccine bottle? a. Antigen b. Adjuvant c. Preservative d. Antibiotic

d. Antibiotic

A successful immune response requires _____? a. recognition b. effect c. activation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

_____ are foreign substances that are recognized by T and B cells, neutrophils and microphages a. Antigens b. Cytokines c. Antibodies d. Plasma cells

a. Antigens

_____, _____, and _____ are the 3 greenhouse gases

Methane Carbon dioxide Nitrous Oxide

Feeding a high concentrate diet results in the production of a greater proportion of _____ (hint; a VFA), which causes _____ (an increase or decrease) in methane production, compared to feeding a high forage diet that results in the production a greater proportion of _____ (hint; a VFA).

Propionic acid decrease Acetic Acid

_____ and _____ are examples of quality defects that have been reported in previous fed or market cattle quality audits.

Dark cutters | Lesions (skin)

Growth Promoters can do what?

Improve rate and efficiency of gain

Name 4 FDA approved hormones for Growth Regulation in cattle.

Estradiol Progesterone Testosterone Zeranol

What are the most Common Implanting Errors?

``` Crushing Missing Cartilage embedment Infections Abscesses Expelled ```

Despite being approved for more than 50 years, only ___% cow/calf producers nationwide use growth-promoting impants.

33%

What are factors that effect palatability of beef products that are evaluated in quality grades?

tenderness juiciness flavor

Beef quality grades are determined by?

maturity | marbling

In terms of quality grade, ______ is the industry target in the US.

choice

What causes yellow fat in forage-fed cattle?

beta-carotenes

Which of the following is a beta-adrenergic agonist? a. optaflexx b. zilmax c. actigain d. all of the above

d. all of the above

True or False | Recruitment of new fat and muscle fiber cells can occur throughout life in cattle.

False

True or False | In terms of nutrient use, marbling has highest priority during fetal growth and development.

False

True or False | In general, implant accelerate bone maturity.

True

What are 2 drawbacks that a US beef producer would face when raising double muscled cattle?

less carcass fat | greater dystocia

In terms of quality grade, ________________ is the industry target in the US? a. Prime b. Choice c. Select d. Standard

b. choice

The critical period for marbling in calves is ____________ days after birth? a. 0 -50 b. 50 -100 c. 100 -150 d. 200 -250

d.200 -250

True or False | Less energy is required for an animal toput on/accumulate body protein compared tobody fat

True

True or False Despite the great degree of muscling, beef from “double muscling” cattle tends to be more tender than other breeds, including Angus cattle.

False

Final Exam Flashcards

(74 cards)