Final Exam Flashcards
(301 cards)
1
Q
When providing artificial respirations on people, what happens?
A
- Over ventilation can cause an increase in intra-thoracic pressure, causing a decrease in venous return and coronary perfusion.
2
Q
First Degree Block
A
If the R is far from the P, you have a first degree
3
Q
Second Degree Type 1
A
-long, longer, longer, drop, you have a wenkebach (second degree type 1)
4
Q
Second Degree Type 2
A
-If some of the Ps don’t get though, you then have a second degree type 2 (Mobitz)
5
Q
Type 3 Heart Block
A
-If the Ps and Qs dont agree, then you have a type 3
6
Q
Pediatric Epiglottitis Signs and Symptoms
A
tripoding, drooling, acute, febrile
7
Q
Croup Signs and Symptoms
A
Feels better in the cold, seal bark cough, gradual onset, viral
8
Q
In order to nasal intubate, a patient
A
the Pt must be breathing breathing
9
Q
Labor Stage1
A
Cervical dilation, contractions and full dilation
10
Q
Labor Stage 2
A
Full dilation to delivery of the fetus
11
Q
Labor Stage 3
A
Delivery of the placenta
12
Q
Diabetic Type 1
A
Insulin Dependent Diabetic or Juvenile Diabetic. Hereditary Predisposition. Pancreas fails to produce insulin and require supplemental insulin to control BGLs.
13
Q
Diabetic Type 2
A
Most common form in which BGLs are elevated because the body cannot produce enough insulin to compensate for the inability to utilize insulin effectively.
14
Q
Diabetic Keto Acidosis
BGL Range
A
BGL of 250-600 mg/dl. Keytones are present. Can be caused by excessive food, insufficient insulin dosage , infection.
15
Q
DKA Respirations may be
A
Pt may have Kussmaul respirations in an attempt to eliminate excessive keytones.
16
Q
Which diabetic type will present with DKA
A
Found in type 1 diabetics.
17
Q
A DKA patients end tidal will be
A
They will become hypocapnic
18
Q
DKA Signs and Symptoms are
A
Signs and symptoms include thirst and frequent urination.
19
Q
DKA Treatment includes?
A
Treat w/ fluids to attempt to correct electrolyte imbalance.
treat if Hyperkalemic with Sodium Bicarbonate
20
Q
A hyperkalemic DKA patient will show what on their EKG?
A
Observe for peaked T waves.
21
Q
A DKA patient who is bradycardia is given?
A
calcium chloride to antagonize potassium at the receptor site.
22
Q
A patient with HHNK is what type of Diabetic?
A
Diabetic type 2
23
Q
A patient in HHNK will present with?
A
hyperglycemia, AMS, drowsiness and lethargy, severe dehydration, thirst, dark urine, seizures, paralysis or muscle weakness
24
Q
A HHNK patient bgl will be above?
A
600mg/dl
25
A HHNK patient will be ketonic
True or False
False
26
What happens to a pt end tidal when you hyperventilate them
the ETCO2 will decrease, causing hypocapnia
27
What happens to a pt end tidal when you hypoventilate them
the ETCO2 will increase causing hypercapnia
28
What is the antidote for a beta blocker overdose
Glucagon
29
What is the antidote for a calcium channel blocker overdose
Calcium Chloride
30
What is the antidote for a Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose (TCA)
Sodium Bicarbonate
31
When will a patient show signs of pre eclampsia
after the 20th week
32
What 3 signs will present in a pre-eclamptic patient
Edema, Hypertension and Protein in the urine
33
An eclamptic patient is treated with?
Magnesium Sulfate, 1-4 grams over 3 minutes
34
Magnesium Sulfate is what class of drug
An Electrolyte
35
The difference between eclampsia and pre-eclampsia is
Seizure activity
36
Rapid infusion of Mag Sulfate may cause
respiratory depression, circulatory collapse and hypotension
37
An overdose of Mag Sulfate can be treated with
Calcium Chloride
38
The dose of Calcium Chloride is
500mg to 1 gram IV/IO
39
Terbutaline is what class of drug?
Sympathomimetic bronchodilator
40
A patient with pregnancy induced asthma can be treated with?
Terbutaline .25mg sc
41
A patient in preterm labor can receive what to promote uterine relaxation
Terbutaline, .25mg SC
42
Terbutaline can be repeated
PRN every 10 to 15 minutes
43
The max dose of Terbutaline is
.5mg in a 4 hour period
44
The class of Valium is
Benzodiazapine
45
Indications of Valium includes
Seizures, non respondent to Mag Sulfate.
Anxiety, in a HTN crisis
46
Dosage of valium is
5-10mg every 10-15 minutes
47
The desired dose of Valium should be administered as
5mg over 5 minutes
48
The PALS dose of Epi 1:10,000 is
0.01mg/kg or 0.1ml/kg
49
The PALS dose of Amiodarone for a patient in SVT or VT w/ a pulse is
5mg/kg over 20-60 minutes. Max dose is 300mg
50
The PALS dose of Amiodarone for a patient in Pulseless VT or VFib is
5mg/kg. Repeat to 15mg/kg max dose
51
The pediatric normal saline bolus dose is?
20mg/ kg
52
Initial Pediatric Cardioversion therapy dose is
0.5 - 1 joule per kg
53
If initial pediatric cardioversion is ineffective, subsequent dose is
2 joules/ kg
54
How do you treat a nuchal cord
Cord wrapped around fetus neck. One of the first things to assess for during birth. Slip your finger under the cord and attempt to slip over the head. If unable, clamp and cut the cord going towards mother.
55
How do you treat a prolapsed cord
Cord emerges ahead of the fetus. Cord can be compressed. Treat urgently. Position supine with hips elevated. Provide O2. Pant with each contraction. Avoid bearing down. Use 2 fingers to lift presenting part off of the cord. Cover with moistened dressing. Maintain position and transport.
56
How do you treat a Breech Pregnancy
A body part (butt) other than the head presents first. Prepare to deliver body, lifting lower limbs towards head. Head should deliver easily. If it doesn’t, form a V with your hands, and push vaginal wall away from the mouth and nose of fetus.
57
How do you treat Shoulder Dystocia
Head delivers, but the shoulder can’t get past the symphysis pubis. Pt the patient into the McRoberts position to help widen the vaginal canal.
58
When intubating a patient and they Brady down, you should?
Ventilate them
59
For a pediatric in cardiac arrest, first dose of electricity would be
2 joules per kg
60
Pediatric cardiac arrest second dose of electricity is
4 joules per kg
61
Subsequent pediatric cardiac arrest electrical dosages increase by
2 joules per kg
| Max dose is 10 joules/ kg or adult dose
62
Becks Triad consists of
Muffled Heart Tones, Jugular Venous Distention and Narrowed Pulse Pressure
63
Becks Triad is caused by
Cardiac Tamponade, as a result of penetrating chest trauma
64
Cushings Triad consists of?
Slow Pulse, Rising Blood Pressure and Erratic Respiratory patterns
65
Cushings Triad is caused by
Increased Cranial Pressure, found in head injuries or stroke
66
What nerves innervates the diaphragm
The Phrenic Nerve
67
How is the Parkland Formula Calculated
2-4ml/ kg x body weight x BSA
68
Half of the Parkland formula is given of the first
8 hours
69
Aerobic Metabolism is
Metabolism produced only in the presence of oxygen.
70
Anaerobic Metabolism is
Metabolism that occurs without oxygen
71
The placenta connects to the fetus via the
umbilical cord to the umbilicus or navel
72
The umbilical vein carries _________ blood from the placenta to the fetus
oxygenated
73
The umbilical artery carries __________ blood to the placenta
arteriovenous
74
The fetus receives oxygen via the
placenta
75
The ductus venous connects the umbilical vein and the
inferior vena cava
76
The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the
aorta
77
The fetus' right and left atria is separated by the
Foramen Ovale
78
The class of Pancuronium is
Non-Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker/ paralytic agent
79
The adult dosage of Pancuronium is
0.04 to 0.1 mg/kg slow IV, repeated every 30-60 minutes as needed
80
The pediatric dosage of Pancuronium is
0.1 mg/ kg slow IV/ IO
81
Adverse reactions of Pancuronium include
Apnea, weakness, salivation, PVCs, tachycardia; transient hypotension, increased BP; pain, burning at the injection site.
82
Pancuronium is contraindicated in
Hypersensitivity, inability to control airway and support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure, neuromuscular disease (myasthenia gravis), hepatic or renal failure.
83
Vecuronium is what class of drug
Paralytic Agent
84
The initial dose of Vecuronium in an adult is
0.1 mg/kg IV push;
85
The adult maintenance dose of Vecuronium is
0.01 – 0.05 mg/kg IV push
86
The adult maintenance dose of Vecuronium is given in what time frame
maintenance dose within 20 – 40 minutes:
87
The initial dose of Vecuronium in an Pediatric is
.1 mg/kg IV/IO push;
88
The pediatric maintenance dose of Vecuronium is
0.01 – 0.05 mg/kg IV/IO push
89
The pediatric maintenance dose of Vecuronium is given in what time frame
maintenance dose within 20 – 35 minutes
90
Adverse reactions of Vecuronium
Apnea, weakness, salivation, PVCs, tachycardia, transient hypotension, increased BP.
91
Vecuronium is contraindicated in?
Acute narrow angle glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries, inability to control airway or support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation, newborns, myasthenia gravis, and hepatic or renal failure.
92
The class of Etomidate is
Sedative Hypnotic
93
The dosage of Etomidate is
0.1 – 0.3 mg/kg IV over 15 – 30 seconds.
94
Adverse Reactions of Etomidate is
Myoclonic skeletal muscle movement, apnea,
hypo/hyperventilation, laryngospasm, nausea/vomiting.
95
The contraindications of Etomidate is
Known hypersensitivity; marked hypotension, severe asthma, severe cardiovascular disease, adrenal suppression
96
The class of Succinylcholine is
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, paralyzing agent
97
Adverse reactions of Succinylcholine are
Apnea, malignant hyperthermia, arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, cardiac arrest, hyperkalemia, increased intraocular pressure, fasciculations, exacerbation of hyperkalemia in trauma patients
98
Contraindications of Succinylcholine include
Acute narrow angle glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries, inability to control airway or support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure.
99
In a child, the legs count for
13.5% each
100
Wernikies Syndrome is caused by a
Deficiency of B vitamin, thiamine
101
Thiamine metabolizes _________ to to produce energy for the brain
Glucose
102
What regulates body temperature, growth, appetite and plays a role in emotional response?
The Hypothalamus
103
What regulates body temperature, growth, appetite and plays a role in emotional response?
The Hypothalamus
104
The pulse ox works by
Reading what is attached to the cell, not what is in the blood
105
If a female passes out, and is AOx4 upon arrival, you should consider
Hypoglycemia
106
Elevated pressure from which blood is ejected from the heart. The cardiac muscle is stretched and contracts with a greater force
Starlings Law
107
LOC, Rigidity, Arched Back, intermittent contractions of major muscle groups, lip smacking, clenched teeth. Chaotic and disorganized contractions.
Tonic Clonic Seizure
108
Non epileptic seizure. Loc and Positctal are present. Triggered by emotional event, lights, pain or stress. Organized rhythm with side to side head movement.
Pseudoseizures
109
Formerly called petit mal seizure. Little or no movement. Typical patient is in a child. They almost come to a freeze, and will last a few seconds.
Absence Seizures
110
Affect a limited portion of the brain and can be divided into simple or complex seizures. May cause a wavelike motion called a Jacksonian March.
Partial Seizure
111
ACE Inhibitors decrease the production of
angiotensin II
112
ACE Inhibitors are
Angiotensin converting enzyme inibitors
113
Ectopic Pregnancy patients present with
Lower abdominal Pain
114
The most basic care for post partum treatment is
Fundal Massage
115
When treating a flail chest segment
Provide Positive Pressure
116
You are treating a patient in SVT and a blood pressure of 120/80 and are stable. What is your first treatment?
Vagal Maneuvers
117
Ischemia is defined as?
Tissue anoxia caused by diminished blood flow as a result of narrowing or occlusion of an artery
118
Infarct is defined as?
Death or necrosis of a localized area of tissue, caused by ischemia
119
If a scene turns unsafe?
Evacuate and call the police
120
Incomplete or partial separation of a normal implanted placenta is called a?
Abrupto Placenta
121
When does Abrupto Placenta usually occur?
The last trimester
122
Abrupto Placenta presents with
severe abdominal pain, radiating into the back, decreased fetal tones and movement
123
A patient with Abrupto Placenta will have an abdomen that is?
Tender and a rigid uterus
124
What is a spontaneous abortion
A miscarriage
125
A patient with a spontaneous abortion will present with
vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain
126
A spontaneous abortion may be caused by
Illness, toxic substances, abnormal attachment of the placenta
127
Treat a spontaneous abortion by
Treating symptoms and being compassionate
128
Placenta Previa is when
the placenta is implanted low in the uterus and grows covering the cervical canal
129
Placenta previa presents with
Painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimesters with bright red blood
130
A uterine rupture is a
Complication that occurs during labor
131
Patients at risk for uterine rupture
have had a C section or multiple pregnancies
132
A patient with a uterine rupture will have contractions that
start strong and have lessened
133
Contraction pain from a uterine rupture
will feel sharp and tearing
134
Patients with a uterine rupture will present with
Signs of shock and a falling blood pressure
135
The P wave on an EKG represents
The activation of the SA node, causing Atrial Depolarization
136
The QRS complex on an EKG represents
The measurement of time required for ventricular depolarization
137
The T wave on an EKG represents
Ventricular Repolarization
138
The PR Interval
is where the P wave leaves the baseline to the beginning of the QRS complex
139
The RR and PP intervals
determine rate and rhythmicity
140
The early phase of cardiac polarization where the heart muscle cannot be stimulated to depolarize is known as the?
Absolute Refractory Period
141
A spider bite that causes cramping and numbing is caused by a
Black WIdow
142
Extreme restlessness, spasms of the abdomen and thigh are caused by the bite of a
Black Widow
143
A spider bite that is typically painless and may not present with any symptoms is from
A Brown Recluse
144
Sloghing of the skin, nausea, vomiting and fever are caused by a
Brown Recluse spider bite
145
Barrel chest, polycythemia and pursed lip breathing present in a patient with
emphysema
146
A patient in respiratory distress, pink skin and no signs of hypoxia suffer from
emphysema
147
What is the number one killer in young people
Trauma
148
Alpha 1 medications cause?
Vasoconstriction, increased after load
149
Prior to giving a vasopressor, the medic should administer?
A fluid bolus
150
Priority care to a newborn is?
Dry, Warm, Stimulate
151
What is the newborn respiratory rate
40 - 60 breaths per minute
152
What is the dose of Magnesium Sulfate in a patient suffering from Cardiac Arrest due to Torsades de Pointes
1-2 grams given over 20 - 60 minutes
153
What term is used to to describe a first pregnancy
Prima Gravida
154
Neonatal Bradycardia is initially treated by
Providing positive pressure ventilations
155
To provide a pediatric patient with a saline bolus you would
Convert pounds to kilograms. Then dose 20ml/ kg
156
A patient on methamphetamines is experiencing sinus tachycardia. Should you administer Adenosine?
NO
157
Lung Sounds in a patient with a pulmonary embolism will be?
Clear
158
What would you look for in a pediatric patient who is being suctioned
Bradycardia
159
Cardiac arrest in a pediatric patient is precluded by
Respiratory Arrest
160
2 or more organs that are impaired is known as
Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
161
A patients wheezing is improving and the wheezes stop. What may have happened?
The patient stopped breathing
162
What is important to know when dealing with a chronically ill patient
Their baseline
163
When dealing with a patient with facial burns, the paramedic should?
Prepare to intubate
164
You receive an outrageous order from medical control. You should?
not follow it and document the reason why
165
When waiting for the delivery of the placenta, do not?
pull on the umbilical cord
166
A patient with organophosphate poisoning should be given
2mg of atropine
167
The first sign of neonatal distress is
Bradycardia
168
Vasoconstriction of the arteries and veins is caused by
Alpha 1 Stimuli
169
Insulin restriction, Glucagon secretions and inhibition of norepinephrine release is caused by
Alpha 2 Stimuli
170
Beta 2 stimuli causes
Bronchial relaxation, uterine relaxation and arterial dilation of certain key organs
171
Beta 1 stimuli
Increased Inotropy, Dromotropy and Chronotropy
172
A histamine is?
found in mast cells that when released causes vasodilation, capillary leaking and bronchiole construction, found in large amounts in basophils and increases tissue inflammation.
173
An antigen is?
found on the surfaces of red blood cells that stimulate an immune system response and cause formation of antibodies, cells learn to recognize these as either self or non self (foreign).
174
An antibody is?
A protein secreted by certain immune cells in response to an antigen, which binds antigens to make them more usable to the immune system’; an immunglobin.
175
How do you estimate the size of a pediatric uncuffed ET Tube
Age of the patient + 4 / 4
176
If you see a 12 lead with a pacer spike and no QRS, that may indicate there is a
Failure to the pacemaker
177
What medications do emphysema patients take
Oxygen, Corticosteroids, Bronchodilators
178
A patient with stroke like symptoms that resolve in an hour is having a
Transient Ischemic Attack
179
A hemorrhagic stroke is a
Bleed
180
An ischemic attack is a
blockage
181
What kind of stroke is more common?
Ischemic
182
How would a patient experiencing a stroke report their headache?
Worse headache of their life
183
ECG changes associated with neurologic symptoms may mean?
Increased Intracranial Pressure
184
ICP and brainstem herniation can be caused by?
Hemorrhagic Stroke
185
A collapsed lung causing tracheal deviation, JVD, Hypotension is a
Tension Pneumo Thorax
186
A patient with a tension pneumo may experience hypotension because of pressure on the
Vena Cava
187
Amiodarone acts on
Beta adrenergic receptors
calcium channels
sodium/ potassium channels
188
Diabetic patients are affected by
Peripheral Neuropathy
189
Solid organs that develop and release and ovum are
Ovaries
190
Tubes that are associated with ovaries where fertilization occurs are the
Fallopian tubes
191
Where the embryo grows.
The uterus
192
The dome shop at the top of the uterus is the
Fundus
193
The narrowest portion of the uterus is the
Cervix
194
The outermost layer of the uterine wall is the
Perimetrium
195
The middle layer of the uterine wall is the
Myometrium
196
The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the
Endometrium
197
A patient with spinal trauma who's skin is warm and dry is in
Neurogenic Shock
198
Neurogenic shock is caused by the bodies
inability for the blood vessels to constrict below an injury site
199
Epinephrine (1:1,000) dosing in anaphylaxis in pediatric patient IV/ IO is
0.01mg/ kg every 3-5 minutes
200
IM dosing of epinephrine (1:1,000) in a pediatric patient is
0.01mg/ kg every 15 minutes
201
Pain when pressure is released opposed to when pressed is known as
Rebound Tenderness
202
Rebound Tenderness is a sign of
Appendicitis
203
Zofran is what kind of drug
Anti- Nauseant
204
The dose of Zofran is
4mg IV, IO or SL
205
A side effect of Zofran is
A prolonged QT Interval
206
Peritoneal irritation and guarding, indicating an injury or illness requiring immediate surgical intervention
Rigidity
207
Increase in tissue pressure in a closed fascial space that compromises circulation
Compartment Syndrome
208
Trauma requires?
A surgeon
209
Bradycardia and Respiratory failure precedes?
Cardiac Arrest
210
Dark green or black matter in amniotic fluid that indicates fetal distress and can be aspirated
Meconium
211
A fertilized ovum that implants somewhere other than the uterus
Ectopic Pregnancy
212
In an ectopic pregnancy, what signs will present
Abdominal pain
213
A patient with an ectopic pregnancy is at risk for
Rupture of the Fallopian tube and and hypovolemic shock
214
Injuries from the blast itself
Primary
215
Injuries due to missiles being propelled by the blast force
Secondary
216
Injuries due to impact with another object
Tertiary
217
Collateral injuries such as burns, crush or inhaled toxins
Quaternary
218
Long term damage from biologic, chemical or radioactive contaminants added to an explosive device
Quinary
219
Class of Fentanyl
A narcotic analgesic
220
Fentanyl works on
The opioid receptors
221
Fentanyl is contraindicated in children under the age of
two years old
222
The dose of fentanyl in adults is
25 - 100 mcg
223
The pediatric dose of Fentanyl is
1-2 micrograms per kilogram
224
What age range of pediatrics can receive Fentanyl
2 - 12 years old
225
What should you have available when administering Fentanyl
Narcan
226
A loop diuretic that disrupts sodium reabsorption
Furosemide (Lasix)
227
Furosemide works in the loop of
Henle
228
Side effects of lasix includes
Hypokalemia, increased vascular resistance and dysrhythmias
229
When the brain is jarred in the skull, usually caused by rapid deceleration
Cerebral Contusion
230
What chemical moves into the extracellular space following a concusion
Potassium
231
The most common sign of a concussion is a
headache
232
Amnesia, confusion, disorientation and loss of consciousness are signs of
Cerebral Concussion
233
Brain tissue that is bruised in local area presenting with neurological deficits
Cerebral Contusion
234
In a cerebral contusion, the most common area affected is the
Frontal lobe
235
In an epidural hematoma, blood collects between the
skull and the dura matter
236
In a epidural hematome, what bone may have a linear fracture
The temporal bone
237
What is the classic sign of an epidural hematoma
Loss of consciousness, regain of consciousness followed by another loss of consciousness
238
A headache is associated with an epidural hematoma
| True or False
True
239
Caused be penetrating injury or from rapid deceleration. Once symptoms appear, The condition rapidly deteriorates
Intracerebral Bleed
240
A parasympathetic blocker. Blocks acetylcholine receptors. Used to treat hemodynamically significant bradycardia, SOB, chest pain, AMS,
Atropine
241
Effects of Atropine are primarily?
Chronotropic
242
A dose of atropine less than 0.5mg can cause
Paradoxical slowing of the heart.
243
The class of Dopamine is
A sympathomimetic, inotropic agent
244
The dose range of Dopamine is
2 - 20mcg/ kg/ min
245
Domamine dose of 2-5mcg/ kg/ min results in
Kidney Dilation
246
Dopamine dose of 5-10 mcg/ kg/ min results in
increased heart rate
247
Dopamine dose of 10-20mcg/ kg/ min results in
Alpha effects and Vasoconstriction
248
Push dose Epinephrine concentration is
1: 100,000
249
For profound hypotension or bradycardia, your dose of press dose epinephrine is
2-10mcg/ min titrated to effect
250
An epinephrine infusion adds what amount of epinephrine to a 500ml bag
1mg of 1;1000 Epi
251
What is the typical dose of continuous epinephrine infusion
2 - 10 mcg/ min
252
The liver is located in the
RUQ
253
The Gall Bladder is located in the
RUQ
254
The Pancreas is located in the
RUQ
255
The Cecum is located in the
RLQ
256
The Illium is located in the
RLQ
257
The stomach is located in the
LUQ
258
The spleen is located in the
LUQ
259
The Sigmoid colon is located in the
LLQ
260
The descending colon is located in the
LLQ
261
A beta 2 agonist that results on smooth muscle relaxation.
Albuterol
262
The dose of albuterol is
2.5mg in 3ml
263
Albuterol is used to treat
bronchospasm or COPD / Asthma
264
An anticholinergic that antagonizes the action of acetylcholine causing bronchodilation and relaxation is
Ipratroium
265
When mixed with albuterol, Ipratopium creates
A duoneb
266
The adult dose of Ipratropium is
500mcg in a small volume nebulizer
267
The pediatric dose of Ipratropium is
350 - 500mcg
268
Follicle Stimulating Hormones are released by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
269
The Pituitary is first stimulated by the release of
Gonadotropin
270
During the menstrual cycle, the anterior pituitary gland releases a
Lutenizing Hormone
271
The first step in neonatal resuscitation is to
Dry, Warm, Stimulate
272
In neonatal resuscitation, if after 30 seconds, you have a pulse rate less than 100, you should
Provide Positive Pressure Ventilations
273
Chest Compression on a neonate are began when
The neonate has a pulse rate less than 60
274
If compressions are ineffective, administer
Epinephrine IV or ET
275
Aggravation of symptoms or an increase in the severity of a disease is known as
An exacerbation
276
Hyperventilation causes a patients Ph to
create alkalosis and a rise in the patients Ph
277
Chest Pain, Carpopedal Spasms, Numbness, tingling of the hands, feet and mouth are caused by
Hyperventilation
278
A patient in Afib needs to be treated with an antidysrhythmic. What drug choices would you use
Cardizem, A calcium channel blocker
279
What initial dose of cardizem is used for a patient in AFib
0.25mg/ kg. Typical dose is 15-20 milligrams over 2 minutes.
280
The repeat dose of cardizem is
0.35mg/ kg after 15 minutes
281
The maintenance dose of cardizem is
5-15mg/ hr
282
What is a typical dose of Mag Sulfate in a pre-eclamptic patient
2 grams
283
An eclamptic patient will receive what dose of mag sulfate
4 grams
284
What do you do when trying to troubleshoot a problem with an intubated patient
DOPE- Dislodge, Obstruction, Pneumothorax, Equipment
285
What rate using a bag valve mask is considered hyperventilation
20 breaths per minute or 1 breath every 3 seconds
286
How is cardiac output affected by ventilation
Ventilation is compromised but perfusion continues. Blood passes but there is no gas exchange. V/Q mismatch
287
Hypoxia has an effect on
Cardiac Function
288
Where are Histamines found
found in mast cells
289
Histamine cause
that when released causes vasodilation, capillary leaking and bronchiole constriction.
290
Tissues____________________ when exposed to histamines?
Inflame
291
Pediatric Dosage of Adenosine
0.1mg/ kg
292
Pediatric Dosage of Atropine
0.02mg/ kg
293
Pediatric Dosage of Calcium Chloride
20mg/kg
294
Pediatric Dosage of Nitroglycerine
0.25 - 0.5mg/ kg/ min
295
A class 1 antidysrhythmic will
slow movement of sodium through channels in certain cardiac cells
296
Class 2 antidysrhythmics are
Antidysrhythmic Medications/Beta-Adrenergic-
| Beta Blockers
297
Class 2 antidysrhytmics will
Inhibit catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) activation of beta receptor sites
Slows HR , contractility, cardiac conduction
-Metoprolol- beta blocker that reduces HR during
298
Class 3 Antidysrhythmic drugs are
Amiodarone
299
Class 3 Antidysrhythmics will treat
Vtach/ Vfib
300
Class 4 Antidysrythmics drugs are
Cardizem, Digoxin
301
Class 4 Antidysrythmics drugs will treat
AFib
