Final Exam

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Passage of molecules from region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until a state of equilibrium is reached.

Question 2

Higher temperatures does what to diffusion rates?

Answer 2

Faster diffusion

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

Diffusion of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane

Question 4

Dilute vs concentrated

Answer 4

Dilute= high water concentration, low solute concentration

Concentrated= low water concentration, high solute concentration

Question 5

If iodine is permeable what happens when it is placed in a beaker with a starch dialysis bag?

Answer 5

Iodine moves into bag by diffusion

Water from iodine solution moves into bag by osmosis

Question 6

What happens when iodine solution is in a dialysis bag in a beaker of starch solution?

Answer 6

Iodine moves into beaker by diffusion, water moves out by osmosis

Question 7

Hemolysis

Answer 7

Rupture of blood cells

Question 8

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Isotonic

Answer 8

High salt concentration, low water

Big water, low salt

Equal water and salt

Question 9

What affect would 5% salt concentration do to a blood cell?

Answer 9

Crenation of blood cell as water leaves

Question 10

What affect would adding water to blood cell cause?

Answer 10

Hypotonic- Cell will lyse (hemolysis) as water enters cell

Question 11

Neutral red is a…

Answer 11

Acid-base indicator.

Red when neutral
Pink when acidic
Yellow when basic

Question 12

Boiling has what cause on yeast cell membrane?

Answer 12

Causes denaturing of membrane so more holes let in more outside content. In experiment more sodium carbonate was let in causing cell to turn yellow.

Question 13

Turgid vs plasmolysis

Answer 13

Swollen and congested: hypotonic

Expulsion of water and shrinkage of cell vacuole in response to hypertonic solution in plants.

Under microscope turgid cells look like they have no clear dividing

Question 14

Autotrophs vs heterotrophs

Answer 14

Cells which can use sun energy directly (absorb light make food)

Ingest food made by autotrophs

Question 15

Photosynthesis

Cellular respiration

Answer 15

Light driven synthesis of glucose

Consumption of glucose and oxygen

Question 16

Photosynthesis is this time of reaction while cellular respiration is this type…

Answer 16

Endergonic

Exergonic

Question 17

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 17

6Co2+6H20+energy—-c6H1206+6o2

Question 18

Respiration equation

Answer 18

6O2+C6H12O6——-6H2O+6CO2+ATP

Question 19

Chloroplast structure

Answer 19

• outside double membrane
• semi fluid interior strong
• thylakoids (stack of these is called granum)(light reaction)
• lamellae:connects grana

Question 20

Mitochondrial structure

Answer 20

• all eukaryotes
• double membrane
• inner membrane is folded into cristae.(ETC and ATP synthesizing)
• semi fluid matrix (glycolysis)

Question 21

Manometric technique

Answer 21

Measures total changes in gas volume within a closed system

Question 22

Colorimetric technique

Answer 22

Appearance or disappearance of a coloured material is monitored as a measure of a reaction.

Question 23

Why do leaves appear green?

Answer 23

Chlorophyll molecules of a chloroplast reflect or transmit the green light of the light spectrum. They absorb red-orange and violet-blue.

Question 24

What happens when a molecule of chlorophyll absorbs a photon?

Answer 24

Electron moves to higher orbital. Chlorophyll is now in excited state. I lectora can’t stay long and falls to ground state, as it falls its excess energy is given off as light (fluorescence).

If solution of chlorophyll is illuminated it will fluoresce in red-orange

Question 25

Why did little reaction take place in tin foil covered chloroplast solution?

Answer 25

Light reactions can’t take place

Question 26

What happened with uncoiled chloroplast?

Answer 26

Chloroplast is intact and light moves in and blue colour goes away as DPIP takes the colour. Electrons that would be passed to Calvin cycle are passed to DPIP and this becomes reduced and becomes clearer.

Question 27

What about boiled chloroplasts?

Answer 27

Denatured proteins, chloroplasts not intact and no photosynthesis so no electrons passed to DPIP so colour stays dark blue.

Question 28

Why did you observe fluorescence in the tube with acetone?

Answer 28

Acetone disrupts electron acceptor chain so electrons drop and release heat and fluorescence.

Question 29

What do mitochondria look like under microscope?

Answer 29

Very small blue-black dots

Question 30

What is cytoplasmic streaming? What part of cytoskeleton does this?

Answer 30

A flow inside cytoplasm Microfilaments

Question 31

What is function of cytoplasmic streaming?

Answer 31

Transports nutrients, proteins and organelles within the cell.

Question 32

Genotype vs phenotype

Answer 32

Set of alleles or genetic makeup Physical traits observed

Question 33

Karyotype of normal male and female

Answer 33

XY | XX

Question 34

Down syndrome

Answer 34

Extra chromosome 21

Question 35

Turner syndrome

Answer 35

One X chromosome

Question 36

Klinefelters

Answer 36

XXY

Question 37

Cri-Du-chat

Answer 37

Deletion of short arm of chromosome 5 Del 5

Question 38

The purpose of the vial of KOH or NaOH in the scholander apparatus was to....

Answer 38

Absorb CO2 released by cellular respiration.

Question 39

Catechol oxidase catalyze the formation of

Answer 39

Benzoquinone from catechol in the presence of oxygen

Question 40

Two components of central nervous system

Answer 40

Brian and spinal cord

Question 41

Two most common types of fivers in areolar

Answer 41

Elastic Collagen

Question 42

Two places where globate cells are found

Answer 42

Trachea Small intestine

Question 43

Chromosomes that are identical in structure and carry genes for the same traits are said to be

Answer 43

Homologous

Question 44

Number of carbon in deoxyribose

Answer 44

5

Question 45

In every somatic cell there are 22 Paris of

Answer 45

Autosomes

Question 46

Mitosis chromosome count

Answer 46

2n except anaphase is 4n

Question 47

Meiosis 1 chromosome count

Answer 47

2n until telophase which is n

Question 48

Meiosis 2 chromosome count

Answer 48

n until anaphase 2 which is 2n

Question 49

Parafocal

Answer 49

Lens that stay in focus when magnification is changed

Question 50

Keratinized has what cells where?

Answer 50

Cuboidal at bottom that get pushed up and turn to squamous. These die and combine with keratin to form outer skin layer.

Question 51

Calvin cycle takes place where?

Answer 51

Stroma

Question 52

Using a spectrophotometer

Answer 52

``` Press A/T/C Press up or down on nm for wavelength Put blank in Press 0ABS/100%T Put in experimental tubes ```