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Neuroanatomy 3200 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical nerves/vertebra are there?

A

8/7

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2
Q

How many thoracic nerves/vertebra are there?

A

12/12

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3
Q

How many lumbar nerves/vertebra are there?

A

5/5

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4
Q

How many sacral nerves/vertebra are there?

A

5/5 (fused together)

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5
Q

How many coccygeal nerves/vertebra are there?

A

1/4

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6
Q

Define conus medullaris

A

Term for end of spinal cord

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7
Q

Define Cauda equina

A

Horse tail-like nerves below cauda equina

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8
Q

Level of the end of the spinal cord

A

L1 or L2 vertebra

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9
Q

Filum terminale function

A

Anchors end of spinal cord to proper to the coccyx

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10
Q

Level of the end of the dural sac

A

S2

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11
Q

Location of lumbar cistern

A

Between L2 and S1

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12
Q

Why perform spinal taps at the lumbar cistern?

A

Because the is no more spinal cord within the subarachnoid space.

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13
Q

When does brainstem become spinal cord?

A

Beyond the foramen magnum.

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14
Q

Type of information carried by the dorsal rami

A

Sensory and Motor

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15
Q

Type of information carried by the ventral rami

A

Sensory and Motor

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16
Q

Type of information carried by the dorsal root

A

Sensory

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17
Q

Type of information carried by the ventral root

A

Motor

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18
Q

Location of 1st order neuron cell bodies

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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19
Q

Define efferent

A

Information leaving

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20
Q

Define afferent

A

Information arriving

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21
Q

1st order neuron type (cell shape)

A

Pseudounipolar

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22
Q

Where do the first order neurons of the dorsal column synapse?

A

Nucleus gracillis/cuneatus

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23
Q

What spinal cord structure contains the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves?

A

Lateral horns

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24
Q

What ascending tract carries the sensation of pain?

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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25
Function of impulses transmitted in the tectospinal tract
Allow for movement of the neck to allow eyes to follow a moving object
26
The CSF in the central canal of the spinal cord is...
hardly circulating
27
Function of cervical/lumbar enlargements
Supply arms/legs with motor and sensory innervation
28
Location of cervical enlargement
C4 - T1
29
Location of lumbar enlargement
L2 - S3
30
Where do the dorsal rootlets enter the spinal cord?
Posterolateral sulcus
31
Where do the ventral rootlets emerge from the spinal cord?
Anterolateral sulcus
32
Fibres in the cuneate fasciculus come from which levels
Above T6 vertebrae
33
Fibres in the gracile fasciculus come from which levels.
Below T6 vertebrae
34
Functions of the hippocampus
1. Formation and consolidation of declarative memory 2. Spatial orientation, navigation, and memory 3. Pattern completion/recognition 4. Cognitive/behavioural flexibility 5. Emotional responses 6. Stress responses
35
Amygdala functions
1. Autonomic and endocrine responses to fear 2. Fear conditioning and fear memory 3. Emotional value of events/facts 4. Arousal 5. Aggression 6. Sexual orientation 7. Social interaction
36
Define ascending reticular activating system
Axons sent from reticular formation to cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
37
Ascending reticular activating system function
wakefullness and consciousness
38
Reticulospinal tract functions
controls posture, and axial and proximal muscles
39
Components of the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
40
Components of the peripheral nervous system
Ganglia, sensory receptors, nerves, motor endings
41
Neurotransmitter for somatic muscle contraction
Acetylcholine
42
Neurotransmitter for autonomic ganglia
Acetylcholine
43
Neurotransmitter for autonomic innervation
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine
44
Location of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies
CNIII, CNVII, CNIX, CNX, S2, S3, S4
45
Location of post-ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies
In ganglia near target organs
46
Parasympathetic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
47
Oculomotor n. (CNIII ) parasympathetic innervation
Smooth muscle in eye
48
Facial n. (CNVII) parasympathetic innervation
Lacrimal gland, submandibular and lingual glands
49
Glossopharyngeal n. (CNIX) parasympathetic innervation
Nasal mucosa and parotid gland
50
Vagus n. (CNX) parasympathetic innervation
Heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine
51
Ganglia innervated by oculomotor n. (CNIII)
ciliary G
52
Ganglia innervated by facial n. (CNVII)
Pterygopalatine G and Submandibular G
53
Ganglia innervated by glossopharyngeal n. (CNIX)
Otic G
54
S2 - S4 parasympathetic innervation
Rectum, urinary bladder, genitalia, uterus
55
Location of pre-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
T1 - L2 lateral horns
56
Location of post-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
sympathetic trunk ganglia, collateral ganglia, adrenal gland
57
Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
58
Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine (and a little acetylcholine)
59
Sympathetic effector organs that are innervated with acetylcholine
Sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscles
60
Structures innervated by sympathetic division ONLY
sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, smooth muscle of blood vessels, and adrenal gland
61
3 features of sympathetic trunk ganglia
Paravertebral, paired, segmented
62
2 features of collateral ganglia
prevertebral, unpaired
63
Structure sympathetic signal passes through to get from spinal nerve to sympathetic trunk
white rami communicantes
64
Structure sympathetic signal passes through to get from sympathetic trunk to spinal nerve
grey rami communicantes
65
Explanation for referred pain
Visceral sensory signals combined with somatic sensory fibers

Neuroanatomy 3200 (2 decks)

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