Final Exam Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
The butterfat from milk is used in making ice cream and protein making cheese.
A
True
2
Q
Gestation in swine is about 114 days.
A
True
3
Q
Beef, sheep, and swine all have 21 days between estrus cycles.
A
False
4
Q
Feed efficiency in beef is 6-8 lbs for 1 lb of gain.
A
False
5
Q
Protein and butterfat are the two most important components of milk.
A
True
6
Q
Gestation in sheep is 5 months.
A
True
7
Q
The majority of the horses in the US are used for recreation or as pets.
A
True
8
Q
A typical sound and decent horse can be purchased for $3,500 to $5,000 at the CSUF horse unit.
A
True
9
Q
Horses are worth whatever someone is willing to pay.
A
True
10
Q
The most popular breed of horse in the US is the Quarter Horse.
A
True
11
Q
The horse industry in the US is extremely diverse.
A
True
12
Q
The poultry industry has for the most part become fully integrated.
A
True
13
Q
The term broiler and fryer is interchangeable as it relates to chickens.
A
True
14
Q
Fresno County is ranked 1st in poultry production in California
A
True
15
Q
California consumers eat more chicken than any other state.
A
True
16
Q
The poultry industry has developed only one specialized white breed for BOTH meat and egg production.
A
False
17
Q
Turkeys are artificially inseminated in the industry.
A
True
18
Q
Chickens typically lay about 150 eggs in 18 weeks.
A
False
19
Q
Chicken producers use natural breeding at the rate of 1 rooster to 12 females.
A
True
20
Q
Chickens gain about 1lb for every 2lbs or less of feed.
A
True
21
Q
Californians consume less turkey per person than the national average
A
False
22
Q
California produces more organic chicken than any other state.
A
True
23
Q
The swine industry today has decreased in the number of operations in the US.
A
True
24
Q
The swine industry is trying to improve the number for pigs/litter and the number of litters/sow.
A
True
25
Number of lambs born per ewe is very important to commercial sheep producers to become profitable,
True
26
```
Chickens are classified according to:
Class
Breed
Variety
All of the above
None of the above
```
All of the above
27
```
Which breed produces the most quantity of milk?
Jersey
Guernsey
Holstein
Ayrshire
```
Holstein
28
```
How long is the standard lactation period of dairy cattle?
200 days
280 days
305 days
385 days
```
305 days
29
```
Which meat product has increased most in per capita consumption in the US in the past 20 years?
Beef
Pork
Poultry
Lamb
```
Poultry
30
```
What is animal science?
Genetics
Chemistry
Finance
Nutrition
All of the above
```
All of the above
31
```
Animals contribute to society:
Recreation
Health
Power
Clothing
All of the above
```
All of the above
32
```
A producer who raises specialized, genetically superior animals is called:
Commercial
Grower/Owner
Stocker
Purebred
None of the above
```
Purebred
33
```
The average American eats ___ of lamb per year.
1 pound
4 pounds
1/2 pound
10 pounds
```
1 pound
34
```
Sheep provide humans with:
Meat
Fiber
Skin
All of the above
2 of the above
```
All of the above
35
```
Turkey and chicken breeds used for meat are typically white because:
More white breast meat
Can tolerate higher temperature
They leave no coloration of the skin
None of the above
All of the above
```
They leave no coloration of the skin
36
```
You can tell what color egg a hen will produce by looking at her:
Feathers
Head color
Type of feed she is fed
Color of its ear lobe
```
Color of its ear lobe
37
```
Poultry industry has strict bio-security rules to:
Prevent the spread of disease
Protect birds from injury
Stop the stealing of birds
Control the smell
```
Prevent the spread of disease
38
```
The term poultry applies to:
Chickens
Turkeys
Geese
Pigeons
All of the above
```
All of the above
39
What does monogastric mean?
Have one stomach
Have only small intestine
Have multiple stomachs
Have one stomach
40
```
Which of the following has a 17 day length of estrus (between heat cycle)?
Horse
Swine
Cattle
Sheep
```
Sheep
41
```
Lambs are typically harvested at what weight?
90-110
110-120
130-150
150-180
```
130-150
42
```
Hogs are typically harvested at what weight?
190-210
210-230
240-270
300-320
```
240-270
43
```
Beef cattle are typically harvest at what weight?
1400-1600
1200-1400
950-1050
800-900
```
1200-1400
44
Which is the true California Chicken fact:
California is ranked 1st in chicken producing states
California sells more "fresh" chicken than any other state
Most California chicken is sold in restaurants
California is 4th in the production of "organic" chicken
All of the above
California sells more "fresh" chicken than any other state
45
What is the FALSE California turkey fact:
California's per capita consumption is 21 pounds, while the national consumption is 31 pounds per person
The world's largest turkey breeding company is in California
California is ranked among the top 5 turkey producing states
California consumers eat more turkey than any other state
None of the above
California;s per capita consumption is 21 pounds, while the national consumption is 31 pounds pr prson
46
Club or Wether sire flocks primarily sell lambs to 4-H and FFA members to show at fairs.
True
47
There are numerous lamb processing plants in California and US
False
48
The sheep industry is promoting sheep as the "environmentally friendly" farm animal.
True
49
White face sheep excel in wool, mothering ability, and growth.
False
50
Examples of monogastric digestive systems are humans, pigs, and dogs.
True
51
Horses are considered ruminant.
False
52
Higher sources of carbohydrates are needed for animals in the fattening phase of production.
True
53
The trend is fewer but bigger hog operations in the US
True
54
Most swine operations use the "all in all out" type of production
True
55
The geographic shift in hog production has been from the corn producing states to the Southwest states.
False
56
The #1 state in hog production is Iowa, 2nd is North Carolina
True
57
China is the #1 country in world pork production.
True
58
The US swine industry is in a global market to meet the needs if consumers worldwide.
True
59
California ranks 2nd in total sheep numbers in the US
True
60
Texas is the 1st state in sheep numbers.
True
61
At one time there were 56 million sheep in the US, now there is less than 10 million.
True
62
Commercial/range flocks breed white face ewes to blackface rams and sell the lambs for market.
True
63
About 50% of the pigs now come from large farms.
True
64
The swine industry is becoming highly segmented.
False
65
The average weight of a broiler chicken is approximately tree pounds.
False
66
Majority of California swine producers sell 4-H and FFA project pigs to generate profit.
True
67
The value of a horse is hard to determine, it is mostly what someone is willing to pay.
True
68
The swine industry typically uses the all in all out method when moving sows in and out of the farrowing house.
True
69
Animal behavior is a relatively new area of study in the animal science industry.
True
70
Typically. the first time a heifer calves should be at least 3 years of age.
False
71
80% of horses in the US are raised for profit.
False
72
It is legal in California to sell horses for slaughter.
False
73
Majority of jobs in the horse industry are in the service area allied industries.
True
74
Purebred producers are concerned with selling cattle that will benefit the packer.
False
75
Consumers want healthy, cheap, tasty beef.
True
76
Stockers own cattle until slaughter.
False
77
The beef industry is highly integrated.
False
78
Beef feedlots are concerned with costs of nutrients and feed efficiency.
True
79
Stocker operations take advantage of native grass for cheap gain of calves before selling to feedlots.
True
80
Commercial producers can sell calves typically at weaning or retain ownership
True
81
of calves weaned per cow exposed is very important to commercial operations.
True
82
The future of the beef industry is creating alliances between different segments of the industry.
True
83
In the feedlot we feed animals to harvest, and maximize gain.
True
84
The milk price the CSUF diary receives at this time is around 26-28 dollars/100 lbs
False
85
Dairy cows in California are typically in the herd for 4 years before culled.
True
86
Beef cattle prices have remained at record levels and not gone down the last 2 months.
False
87
The average dairy herd in Tulare County is 5,000 cows.
False
88
Genotype plus environment = phenotype
True
89
Total skeletal mass is influenced by breed and mature size.
True
90
Larger frame animals are taller and lighter weight at maturity.
False
91
Larger frame animals deposit fat at a later age/
True
92
Increase in skeletal size is a result of increased long bone growth.
True
93
There are more number of muscles within breeds of swine. Ex. Hampshire have more vs. Yorkshire have less
False
94
Animals in general that are heavy muscled have more number of muscles than a lighter muscled animal.
False
95
Most fat deposition follows muscle and bone development.
True
96
Smaller frame animals fatten at younger ages and heavier weights.
false
97
Line-bred animals are more closely related than inbred animals
False
98
Crossbreeding is most widely used in purebred industry.
false
99
Horses are considered ruminants.
False
100
Two-thirds of all livestock feed is not fitted for human consumption.
True
101
For economic production you must know the total nutritional requirements of an animal and nutritional value of feeds.
True
102
Higher sources of protein are needed for animals in the fattening phase of production.
false
103
In feeding all livestock, you must remember to use common sense and changes in their diet cannot be made overnight.
True
104
Water is the most vital of all nutrients.
True
105
The rumen is like a fermentation vat where beneficial microbes start to break down fibrous feeds.
True
106
Nutrition influence on growth rate and body size is dependent on:
Animals location on growth curve (old vs. young)
Level of nutrition relative to animals maintenance requirements
Both A and B
Both A and B
107
```
When nutrient requirements are not being met (low nutrition) animals exhibit:
Below normal muscle and bone growth
Mature at a heavier weight
Deposit more fat at an earlier age
None of the above
All of the above
```
Below normal muscle and bone growth
108
When nutrient requirements are higher than required for maintenance (excess nutrition) animals exhibit:
Slower than normal growth and development of muscle and bone
excess energy deposited as fat
Continued growth to an older age
None of the above
All of the above
Excess energy deposited as fat
109
When compared to females and castrated males, intact males:
Grow to heavier and higher weights
Mature faster, thus fatter at the same weights
Are lighter weight at the same age
Grow to heavier and higher weights
110
```
In hogs, which sex grows the fastest to the slowest?
Boar, barrow, gilt
Gilt, boar, barrow
Boar, gilt, barrow
Barrow, boar, gilt
```
Boar, gilt, barrow
111
At equal slaughter weights from LEANEST to FATTEST are following correct?
Beef = bull, heifer, steer
Sheep = ram, ewe, wether
Swine = Boar, gilt, barrow
False
False
True
112
Puberty is a sign that animals are starting to mature.
True
113
Larger frame animals are considered "Later maturing" animals
True
114
Smaller frame animals are considered "early maturing" animals.
true
115
Later maturing animals remain leaner to heavier weight.
True
116
Early maturing animals remain leaner to lighter weight
false
117
```
Any feed constituent that functions in the support of life is called:
Essential minerals
Macro minerals
Feed stuff
Nutrients
```
Nutrients
118
```
Feed is ingested and digested by an animal that provides essential nutrients for:
Growth
Maintenance
Fattening
Reproduction
All of the above
```
All of the above
119
After an animal reaches maturity, which tissue tends to change (+ or -) the most over time?
Amount of fat
Amount of muscle
Amount of bone
Amount of fat
120
Bone development within a breed is relatively the same for all animals of the same breed and sex.
True
121
we would like to have animals reach sexual maturity at an early age, regardless of frame and size.
True
122
Protein is the most essential nutrient.
False
123
Corn is used to provide energy (CHO) in most livestock diets.
True
124
Today we try having quality assurance programs throughout the food chain = "Farm to Table"
True
125
A USDA inspector is required at the meat lab to insure the animal is healthy before and after harvesting
True
126
The ruminant digestive system has 3 compartments to help digest high fiber feeds.
False
127
The small intestines are not considered one of the compartments in ruminants, even if it is considered the major area of absorption of nutrients.
True
128
Age and function have little effect on the amount of nutrients needed by an animal.
False
129
We must feed animals to meet the total nutritional requirements for a 24 hours period.
True
130
We assign "grades" to carcasses so we can separate carcass into like groups for purchase marketing.
True
131
Yield grades in sheep are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with 5 representing the lean, heavy muscled animals.
False
132
The quality grades for hogs are - choice, select, cull
False
133
Most lambs is the US grade choice or better.
True
134
Majority of hogs in the US grade 1 or 2.
False
135
Hogs can be graded unacceptable for color of lean tissue.
true
136
Grading choice is far more important economically in beef than it is in lambs.
True
137
The digestive system of ruminants is best suited for diets high in ______ unlike the monogastric digestive system.
Forages and other high fiber roughages
Concentrates
Protein
Forages and other high fiber roughages
138
```
All classes of animals require six essential nutrients. Select the FALSE answer.
Protein and carbohydrates
Mineral and vitamins
Water and fats (lipids)
Amino acids and nitrogen
```
Amino acids and nitrogen
139
What foes monogastric mean?
Has one stomach
Has only a small intestine
Has multiple stomachs
Has one stomach
140
What species of animals has a digestive tract similar to humans?
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Pigs
141
The major source of energy in most livestock and poultry rations is provided by:
Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
142
```
Which of the following protein sources is more desirable in poultry and swine production.
Cottonseed meal
Soybean meal
Linseed meal
Safflower meal
Peanut meal
```
SOybean meal
143
```
Horses differ from other monogastrics because they have a structure where deed is fermented called the:
Duodenum
Esophagus
Ruminant
Cecum
```
Cecum
144
Which has a higher requirement for protein?
A young, growing animal
An old, aging animal
An old aging animal
145
The reticulum: (Select the FALSE statement)
Traps foreign material
True stomach with secretions
Walls line with membranes - honeycombs in shape
Most forward compartment
True stomach secretions
146
```
"Chewing the Cud" includes 4 events-select the most complete answer.
Re-chewing
Regurgitation
Re-swallowing
Resalivation
All of the above
```
All of the above
147
In-breeding provides:
More opportunity for recessive genes to be expressed in the phenotype.
Less opportunity for recessive genes to express themselves in the phenotype
More opportunity for recessive genes to be expressed in the phenotype
148
In-bred cattle are generally more or less performance oriented than outcross cattle?
More
Less
No effect
Less
149
```
An increase in productivity in the crossbred progeny above the average of the parents is called:
General interval
Selection differential
Heritability
Hybrid vigor
Hybrid genes
```
Hybrid vigor
150
The term dressing percentage refers to :
Carcass weight plus hide weight
Carcass weight divided by live weight times 100
Live weight minus carcass weight
Carcass weight divided by live weight times 100
151
```
What grade predicts consumer palatability characteristics of meat?
Quality grade
Yield grade
Retail grade
Grade and yield
```
Quality grade
152
Maturity and ______ determines the consumer palatablity grade of beef.
Percent bone
Fat
Marbling
Marbling
153
"Marbling" of meat refers to fat that is:
Deposited outside the muscle groups
Dispersed within the muscle
Dispersed within the muscle
154
The higher quality grades for beef are:
Supreme, choice, select
Prime, choice, good
Prime, choice, select
Prime, Choice, Select
155
The highest yield grade for beef is:
Y.G. #1
Y.G. #3
Y.G. #5
Y.G. #1
156
A hog has 1.2 inches of fat and muscular score of 2. What is its US grade?
3. 2
4. 2
2. 8
1. 2
2. 8
| 1. 2*4 = 4.8 - 2 = 2.8
157
A lamb has .25 in of fat and a leg score of 3. What is its estimated yield grade?
3. 25
2. 9
2.9
| .25 +.04 =2.9
158
```
The quality grades in lamb are the same as beef except for:
Prime
Choice
Select
Good
None of the above
```
Good
