Final Exam

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

science of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

behavior

Answer 2

any action we can observe and record

Question 3

mental processing

Answer 3

internal subjective experiences

Question 4

examples of behavior

Answer 4

• not looking someone in the eyes when talking to them

- interrupting someone three times when they are talking

Question 5

examples of a mental process

Answer 5

• not being professional at work
• forgetting a meeting
• being bored

Question 6

situational factors

Answer 6

external influences

Question 7

dispositional factors

Answer 7

internal influences (personality, character)

Question 8

Plato

Answer 8

Nativist, behavior is inherited

Question 9

Aristotle

Answer 9

Empiricist, behavior is based on experiences

Question 10

Descartes

Answer 10

French, ideas are inborn (nativist)

Question 11

Locke

Answer 11

British, born a blank slate and experiences shape us (empiricist)

Question 12

Nature vs. nurture

Answer 12

genes vs experiences

Question 13

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 13

father of psychology
first psych lab
structuralism
introspection

Question 14

William James

Answer 14

functionalism: considered with function and purpose

“Principals of psych” first psych text

Question 15

Mary Calkins

Answer 15

first female president of the APA

Question 16

Sigmund Freud

Answer 16

psychoanalysis: unconscious mind and thoughts
childhood experiences
techniques: free association, dream analysis

Question 17

John B. Watson

Answer 17

behaviorism

observable behaviorism

Question 18

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 18

classical conditioning

Question 19

B.F. Skinner

Answer 19

behaviorism

operant and classical conditioning: reward/punishment

Question 20

Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow

Answer 20

humanism

need to understood and accept self

Question 21

Francis Cecil Sumner

Answer 21

first black male to receive a Ph.D. in psych

Question 22

Women pioneers in psych

Answer 22

Margret Washburn: 1931

Inez Prosser: 1933

Question 23

Psychoanalysis Approach

Answer 23

unconscious and early and childhood experiences

- Freud

Question 24

Behaviorist Approach

Answer 24

learning in response to environment; experiences

Question 25

Cognitive Approach

Answer 25

analyzes us from our thought process

Question 26

Biological Approach

Answer 26

analyzes us from the point of view of our physiology ; based on what's going on inside of you (individual)

Question 27

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 27

evolved biological traits that we commonly share with our ancestors through natural selection (reproduction & survival) - collectively shared traits

Question 28

Humanistic Approach

Answer 28

analyzes us from our self-image | - Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow

Question 29

Social Cultural Approach

Answer 29

shaped by culture/ society (connecting to other regions or cultures)

Question 30

Psychologist

Answer 30

those who observe and analyze behavior patterns, develop theories on behavior

Question 31

Clinical Psychologist

Answer 31

- mental, emotional, behavioral disorders | - private offices, prisons, mental hospitals and clinics

Question 32

Counseling Psychologists

Answer 32

- problems of everyday life | - schools, hospitals, and health dept.

Question 33

Social-Cultural Psychologists

Answer 33

studies groups/ cultures

Question 34

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 34

- development of individuals throughout life | - Jean Piaget

Question 35

Educational Psychologists

Answer 35

- teaching and learning | - develop better plans to improve student learning

Question 36

Industrial/ Organizational Psychologists

Answer 36

- work place - improve productivity and quality of work - AKA I/O Psychologists

Question 37

Sports Psychologists

Answer 37

participation and performance

Question 38

Human Factors Psychologists

Answer 38

- how machines and people interact - increase efficiency and safety - have an engineering degree

Question 39

Forensic Psychologists

Answer 39

- work in many places | - crimes scenes, crime labs, courtrooms, legal offices, universities, and do profiling

Question 40

Psychiatrist

Answer 40

- psychologist with a medical degree | - only psychologist able to prescribe medications

Question 41

Types of Research

Answer 41

Applied Research: use for practical purpose and real life (strategy to improve memory) Basic Research: knowledge based; not practical (genetic code of a fruit fly)