Final Exam

Question 1

Gestalt therapy requires the client to be actively present in:

Answer 1

The present

Question 2

Gestalt therapy includes:

Answer 2

A strong relationship between client and counselor, recognizing one’s own projections and refusing to accept helplessness, understand how we are rather than why we are, and move from environmental support to self-support

Question 3

The impasse is the point in therapy at which clients:

Answer 3

do not have external support available to them
experience a sense of “being stuck”
are challenged to get into contact with their frustrations and accept whatever is

Question 4

T/F: A Gestalt therapist will pay attention to a client’s body language, frequently asking them about a movement or sensation

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: According to a Gestalt therapist, dreams contain existential messages, and each piece of dream work leads to assimilation of disowned aspects of the self

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: According to a Gestalt therapist, resistance refers to defense we develop that prevent us from experiencing the present in a full and real way, sometimes resulting in blocked energy

Answer 6

True

Question 7

According to Gestalt therapists, awareness is:

Answer 7

is by itself therapeutic

Question 8

Gestalt therapy emphasizes the client’s use of language, including:

Answer 8

Saying “I” instead of “it”
Rephrasing questions into statements
Denying one’s power through words like “I guess” or “sort of”

Question 9

T/F: The name most associated with person-centered therapy is Fritz Perls

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The following are considered “person-centered” approaches:

Answer 10

emotionally focused therapy 
existential therapy 
gestalt therapy 
motivational interviewing 
expressive arts therapy

Question 11

T/F: an abundance of research supports the notion that the human elements of psychotherapy (i.e. client factors, therapist effects, and the therapeutic alliance) are more important than models and techniques in affecting the outcome of therapy.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Congruence refers to the therapists:

Answer 12

Genuineness

Question 13

T/F: Humanism is considered the “third force” in therapy as an alternative to psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches, and includes existential therapy, person-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Accurate empathic understanding refers to the therapists ability to:

Answer 14

sense the inner world of the client’s subjective experience

Question 15

T/F: Motivational interviewing requires direct confrontation with resistance as the way to create change

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Founded in person-centered ideology, Emotionally-Focused Therapy sometimes sets out to:

Answer 16

assist clients in reducing their emotional experience, and assist clients in feeling and expressing their emotional experience

Question 17

T/F: Diagnosis is a primary concern and important aspect of person-centered therapy

Answer 17

False

Question 18

T/F: Immediacy, or addressing what is going on between the client and therapist, is important for clinical supervision but not for discussion in client-therapist relationships

Answer 18

False

Question 19

T/F: The name most associated with person-centered therapy is Carl Rogers

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Logotherapy translates to:

Answer 20

Therapy through meaning

Question 21

Existential guilt is:

Answer 21

Awareness and discomfort of having evaded a choice, guilt for not being what we might have become

Question 22

Authenticity is best described as:

Answer 22

Living true to one’s self

Question 23

If existential neurosis is the experience of meaningless, then an existential vacuum is:

Answer 23

An experience of feeling empty and hallow

Question 24

If normal anxiety is an appropriate response to an event being faced, neurotic anxiety is:

Answer 24

Anxiety that is out of proportion to the situation

Question 25

T/F: According to existentialists, anxiety is not something to be cured or avoided, but it is natural part of living with awareness and being fully alive

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of existential therapy? a-based on a peroneal relationship between client and therapist b-it stresses personal freedom in deciding one's fate c-it places primary value on self-awareness d-it includes a well-defined set of techniques and procedures

Answer 26

D

Question 27

T/F: To its credit, existential therapy is well-validated by empirical support for evidence-based practice

Answer 27

False

Question 28

The existential therapist would agree that:

Answer 28

we are, ultimately alone :(

Question 29

The following are philosophers of existential discipline

Answer 29

Friedrich Nietzsche Martin Heidegger Soren Kierkegaard Jean-Paul Sartre

Question 30

The superego is:

Answer 30

Is idealistic in regards to morals and values and ideals from society

Question 31

Neurotic anxiety is:

Answer 31

Fear that instincts will get out of hand and the individual will do something worthy of punishment

Question 32

T/F: Ego-defense mechanisms help an individual to cope with anxiety by either denying or distorting reality and/or operating on an unconscious level

Answer 32

True

Question 33

According to Erikson, development occurs through:

Answer 33

Resolution or failure to resolve crisis points

Question 34

A client treats her therapist like her mother. This is an example of:

Answer 34

Transference

Question 35

A purely psychodynamic therapist would utilize

Answer 35

Free association Dream analysis Interpretation of Transference

Question 36

Latent Content is best described as:

Answer 36

the hidden, symbolic, unconscious motives underlying the context

Question 37

Analytical Psychology is:

Answer 37

Meant to promote individuation - the integration of conscious and unconscious aspects of personality

Question 38

A thin slice of mind best describes:

Answer 38

The conscious

Question 39

Modern Psychodynamic theory is typically:

Answer 39

Relationally focused Brief in Nature Targeted towards a specific issue

Question 40

The name individual psychology comes from:

Answer 40

The unity and indivisibility of the person with a holistic emphasis

Question 41

Fictional finalism refers to:

Answer 41

The imagined life goal that guides a person's behavior

Question 42

T/F: Adler believed that feelings of inferiority and the consequent striving for perfection was innate. Adler believed victory over inferiority is tied to striving for superiority, which is a natural part of the human experience

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Life Style is:

Answer 43

An idea in contrast to Freud's "Death Style" The internal conflict between an individual's different parts The artistic way in which one lives, including thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and understanding of others

Question 44

What is not considered a life task? a-building friendships (social task) b-establishing intimacy (love-marriage task) c-contributing to society (occupational task) d-maintaining self-interest (self-development task)

Answer 44

D

Question 45

T/F: A purely psychoanalytic therapist and a purely Adlerian therapist would both approach a clinical relationship with a client in the same way

Answer 45

False

Question 46

An Adlerian therapist works to assist the client with

Answer 46

Evaluating and correcting mistaken goals and faulty assumptions

Question 47

T/F: Private logic involves convictions and beliefs that get in the way of social interest and do not contribute to social belonging. According to Adler, clients' problems arise because conclusions based on private logic do not conform to the requirements of social living

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases of Adlerian therapeutic process? a-establishing the proper therapeutic relationship b-conducting a comprehensive psychological assessment c-encouraging the development of self-understanding d-identifying unique solutions and exceptions to the problem e-reorientation and reeducation

Answer 48

D

Question 49

T/F: Adlerian counselors do not make interpretations

Answer 49

False

Question 50

Classical Conditioning is:

Answer 50

Creating a response to a neutral stimulus (i.e. dog salivation at the sound of a bell)

Question 51

Operant Conditioning is:

Answer 51

Influencing behavior through consequences (i.e. rewarding, removing something bad, punishing)

Question 52

Positive Reinforcement is:

Answer 52

The addition of something like a reward (i.e. praise, money, attention) to influence behavior

Question 53

Negative Reinforcement is:

Answer 53

Removing an unwanted stimulus to increase the target behavior (i.e. parent stops yelling)

Question 54

Punishment is:

Answer 54

Aversive effort to decrease the target behavior (i.e. spanking)

Question 55

Flooding is:

Answer 55

Immersing the client in the thing they are afraid of

Question 56

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Answer 56

Created by Albert Ellis, follows the ABCDE model

Question 57

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Answer 57

Broad title of therapies exploring the interactions between thoughts, feelings. and behaviors

Question 58

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Answer 58

Revolves around full acceptance of one's thoughts rather than contesting them

Question 59

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Answer 59

Includes tenets of accepting one's behavior and state of being AND wanting/readiness to change

Question 60

Solution Focused Brief Therapists promote:

Answer 60

A focus on the future and looking at what is currently going well, the view that the client is the expert of their own life, the belief that exceptions exist to the current presenting problem

Question 61

For SFBT, which of the following is correct? a-A customer is a client who joins the therapist and is ready to address their problem and find a solution b-a complainant is a client who describes a problem but believes the solution is out of their control c-a visitor is a client in therapy due to an external influence and may not agree that she has a problem d-all of the above

Answer 61

D

Question 62

``` All the following are common techniques in SFBT except: a-Socratic questioning b-the miracle question c-scaling questions d-exception questions ```

Answer 62

A

Question 63

The major goal of narrative therapy is to

Answer 63

Invite clients to describe their experience in new and fresh language, and open up new possibilities

Question 64

T/F: Narrative Therapists pay more attention to a client's past than they do to the client's present and future

Answer 64

False

Question 65

T/F: Both SFBT and Narrative Therapy are commonly used with couples and families as well

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Family Systems approaches to therapy

Answer 66

shift the focus from an individual's intrapsychic processes to a system's interpersonal processes. Also, sometimes considers how family systems generated maladaptive functioning in an individual

Question 67

``` Family Therapists Include: a-Virginia Satir b-Murray Bowen c-Salvidor Manuchin d-Carl Whitaker e-All the Above ```

Answer 67

E

Question 68

"Who seems to be most upset when mom comes home late from work?" is an example of:

Answer 68

Circular Question