final exam

Question 1

Muscular imbalances

Answer 1

The alteration of a muscles length that surrounds a joint.

Question 2

Proprioception

Answer 2

Proprioception is the cumulative input into the central nervous system coming from the various Mechanoreceptors in the body that sense limb movement as well as body position

Question 3

Proprioceptively enriched environments

Answer 3

These are unstable environments that are controlled. These challenge one’s Internal balance and stabilization.

Question 4

OPT Model

Answer 4

stabilization, strength, and power.

Question 5

What are the four sections of NASM’s code of professional conduct?

Answer 5

Professionalism, Confidentiality, Ethical/legal and Business practice

Question 6

Human movement

Answer 6

The kinetic chain (human movement system) is made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).

Question 7

Nervous system

Answer 7

One of the primary organ systems in the body. Is a combination of billions of cells that communicate with one another in a network within the body. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the spinal cord and brain. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the human body.

Question 8

Sensory function

Answer 8

The ability of the nervous system to notice changes in their external or internal environment. This is one of the three main functions of the nervous system.

Question 9

Integrative function

Answer 9

The ability that the nervous system has to interpret and analyze sensory information. This allows for adequate decision-making and producing the correct response.

Question 10

Motor function

Answer 10

This is the neuromuscular (Muscular and nervous system) response to sensory information. For example your body’s response by muscular contraction when you touch burning hot metal.

Question 11

Neuron

Answer 11

This is the functional unit of the nervous system. The nervous system is made up of billions of neurons. This allows it to communicate outside with the environment as well as internally with itself. Neuron’s transmit impulses through chemical and electrical signals. Neuron’s form the core of the spinal cord, brain and peripheral ganglia that make up the nervous system. A neuron has three main parts: Cell body, axon, and dendrites.

Question 12

Sensory neurons (afferent)

Answer 12

This is a type of nerve cell that conducts impulses to the central nervous system from a sense organ.
Interneurons: Interneurons send nerve in pulses between one another.

Question 13

Motor neurons (efferent)

Answer 13

This is a type of nerve cell that sends impulses to glands, muscles and other effectors. Stimulates muscle contraction to initiate movement.

Question 14

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

The CNS or central nervous system is made up of your brain and spinal cord. The PNS or peripheral nervous system branches out from your central nervous system to connect it with the rest of your body.

Question 15

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 15

Specialized receptors that respond to pressure inside of tissues and transmit signals through sensory nerves. These respond to forces such as motion, sound waves, pressure, stretching and touch. It can sense the various distortions in the human body.

Question 16

Muscle spindles

Answer 16

These are sensory receptors that sit parallel to muscular fibers. These special spindles are able to detect the length of a muscle and how fast it changes length. This helps to regulate the contraction of muscles by way of the stretch reflex mechanism. Its purpose is to help prevent and protect over stretching that could lead to muscular damage.

Question 17

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 17

Golgi tendon organs or GTO is another type of specialized sensory receptor. They are found where tendons attached to skeletal muscular fibers. These receptors can sense the change in muscular tension and the rate that this tension changes. When you activate the Golgi tendon organ it will cause a muscle to relax. This is to help prevent injury from excess stress and contraction.

Question 18

Joint receptors:

Answer 18

These receptors are located around the joint capsule. They respond to acceleration, deceleration, and pressure at the joint. They are able to sense extreme joint positions and send signals in order to prevent injuries.