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Neonatal and Pediatric > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drowning does a laryngospam still persist after a person loses consciousness?

A

dry drowning

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2
Q

What are signs of RD in a near-drowning patient?

A
  • serosangineous fluids
  • coughing
  • atelectasis
  • rales
  • asymmetric breath sounds
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3
Q

What therapies are warranted for children with smoke inhalation injuries?

A
  • expeditious intubation
  • administration of racemic epi
  • administration of corticosteroids
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4
Q

What are the primary means of diagnosing direct lung injury?

A

bronchoscopy

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5
Q

What is the most commonly used treatment of inhalation injuries?

A

CPT

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6
Q

What is the half-life of carboxyHgb at room air?

A

5 hours

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7
Q

What ABG results show evidence of cyanide poisoning?

A

metabolic acidosis despite adequate oxygenation

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8
Q

What is the leading cause of death among burn patients?

A

inhalation injury

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9
Q

(T/F) persistent lung damage can lead to pulmonary hypertension and heart failure

A

true

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a possible pediatric lung injury?

A
  • signed nares
  • soot in the mouth or nose
  • facial or neck burns
  • increased WOB and retractions
  • cyanosis
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11
Q

An upper airway foreign body aspiration manifests as?

A
  • coughing
  • different phonation
  • wheezing/stridor
  • retractions
  • drooling
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12
Q

(T/F) Lower airway obstruction is difficult to diagnose and may lead to secondary pulmonary edema

A

true

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13
Q

(T/F) the best treatment for an upper airway obstruction is for a patient that is coughing is to provide no medical intervention until the object is removed or the child deteriorates

A

true

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14
Q

What is a life-threatening complication associated with bronchiolitis?

A

apnea

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15
Q

What are some clinical signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A
  • cough
  • retractions
  • cyanosis
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16
Q

What clinical signs and symptoms are used to determine the severity of bronchiolitis?

A
  • RR
  • hypoxemia-SpO2
  • accessory muscle use
  • WOB
  • Breath sounds
  • mental status
  • feedings
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17
Q

What are some diagnostic tests used to diagnose bronchiolitis?

A
  • CXR

- RSV test

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18
Q

What are some evidence-based treatments and management for acute bronchiolitis?

A
  • mucus clearance
  • frequent monitorning of the respiratory status
  • ventilation and oxygenation per patient needs
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19
Q

What factors increase the risk for pneumonia?

A
  • smoking
  • exposure to chemicals or pollutants
  • ethnicity
  • individuals that live in crowded conditions
  • surgery
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20
Q

What are the four categories of pneumonia ?

A
  • hospital-acquired
  • community-acquired
  • aspiration
  • immunocompromised
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21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • chills
  • lethargy
  • loss of appetite
  • increased WOB
  • cough with thick sputum
  • fever > 38.5
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22
Q

What finding shows that a patient has severe ARDS, including a PaO2/FIO2 ratio of?

A

< 200

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23
Q

What are the goals of MV in managing ARDS?

A
  • reduce WOB
  • increase alveolar recruitment
  • minimize barotrauma
  • reduce metabolic demand
  • reverse hypoxemia and hypercarbia
24
Q

When should Ribavirin be considered?

A
  • severe RSV bronchiolitis
  • congenital immunodeficiency
  • bone marrow transplant
25
What is the incubation period of an infant carrying RSV?
2 to 8 days
26
What is not a lung injury that can lead to ARDS?
pulmonary edema
27
What are MV strategies used to manage ARDS?
- permissive hypercapnia - tidal volume of 6mL/kg - permissive hypoxemia
28
(T/F) antibiotic regimens should be given in routine therapy for viral bronchiolitis
false
29
An atrioventricular septal defect is especially common in children with what syndrome?
trisomy 21
30
What diagnostic tools are used to identify cardiac defects?
- CXR - EKG - echocardiogram
31
What symptoms are present for a child that has an atrial septal defect?
- exercise-induced dyspnea - a-fib - exercise-induced fatigue - atrial flutter
32
An RT should include what treatments for a patient that is post-op for an atrial septal defect?
- NIV | - supplemental O2
33
What are some clinical manifestations of a moderate-to-severe VSD, specifically for a left to right shunt?
- tachypnea - failure to thrive - diaphoresis - poor feeding
34
A patient with a AVSD would present with?
- diaphoresis while feeding | - fatigue
35
What are some symptoms of an aortic stenosis?
- tachypnea - failure to thrive - syncope - gradual exercise intolerance
36
What should an RT watch for while a patient is given prostaglandin therapy?
- bradycardia - desaturations - apneas greater than 20 seconds - peripheral edema
37
Patients with what genetic syndromes have an increased risk for coarctation of the aorta?
- turner syndrome | - DiGerorge syndrome
38
Postoperative surgical risks for coarctation of the aorta include?
- vocal cord paralysis - chylothorax - post-coarcetomy syndrome
39
What tests are used to diagnose a double aortic arch?
- MRI - CT angiography - Barium swallow
40
An RT should do what in order to treat severe upper respiratory obstruction associated with a double aortic arch?
- intubate and place on MV - PPV - PEEP
41
What is the most common congenital cardiac defect?
VSD
42
What is not an example of a treatment for VSD?
IV fluid
43
What percentage of VSD close within the first two years of life?
75%
44
What diagnosis should be considered if a patient presents with decreased femoral pulses, brachiofemoral delay, and a continuous flow murmur?
coarctation of the aorta
45
Define septum secudum
a muscle structure that grows downward from the upper portion of the embryologic aorta
46
(T/F) an ASD that has a Qp:Qs ratio of greater than 1.5:1 is an indication of the ASD needing closed
true
47
(T/F) successful ASD closure has excellent long term outcomes
true
48
What is the initial intervention for Robin sequence that will alleviate 70% of an infants airway obstruction?
prone positioning
49
What is considered the most common subglottic abnormality?
subglottic stenosis
50
What are some ways that the patency of a trach can be verified?
- positive end-tidal CO2 - measuring the exhaled tidal volume - passing a suction catheter
51
Tracheoesophageal fistulas should be suspected when an infants presents with?
- excessive drooling | - feeding that leads to respiratory distress
52
What are some methods to identify choanal atresia?
- tissue and mirror test - nasal endoscopy - deep tracheal suctioning
53
Treatment for a choanal atresia includes?
- creating a choanal opening during surgical repair - intubation - using a feeding nipple with a large opening
54
What is both the most common laryngeal anomaly and the most common congenital cause of stridor?
laryngomalacia
55
What common disease processes accompanies laryngomalacia?
GERD
56
What is not an example of a severe laryngomalacia symptom?
normal feedings
57
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is the most common benign neoplasm of what airway structure?
the larynx

Neonatal and Pediatric (1 decks)

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