Final Exam

Question 1

Liberals believe that the moral aspirations of states will not be thwarted by the absence of an overarching global authority. (T/F)

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A set of principles, norms, rules and procedures around which actors’ expectations converge is a(n)

Answer 2

International Regime

Question 3

For liberals, anarchy is mitigated by

Answer 3

International Regimes and International Institutions

Question 4

Voluntarism assumes that system structure takes precedence over agency.

Answer 4

False (Because a system of anarchy would discourage helping others)

Question 5

Liberals generally take _______ of how states affect international relations and outcomes.

Answer 5

An inside-out view

Question 6

Liberalism (Neofunctionalism) takes from game theory analysis of international politics a zero-sum perspective rather than a positive-sum perspective. (T/F)

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Liberals assume that international organizations can be independent actors in their own right. (T/F)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

For liberals, states are less inclined to resort to international hostility if

Answer 8

They share a common political and economic regime-type

Question 9

Economic self-interest is a disincentive for war when

Answer 9

Trade creates mutual dependence

Question 10

Stephen Brooks argues that the key to understanding the relationship between international commerce and war is to focus on

Answer 10

The globalization of production

Question 11

Liberal Institutionalists believe that states are more concerned with maximizing absolute gains than ensuring relative gains. (T/F)

Answer 11

True

Question 12

A liberal theory that explains how states collaborate to achieve common goals is

Answer 12

Functionalism

Question 13

Neoliberals assume that there is a logical link between the conditions of anarchy and war. (T/F)

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Robert Keohane argues that strong states with a long time horizon

Answer 14

Can facilitate cooperation when dealing with a global collective goods problem

Question 15

E. H. Carr maintains that the nature of politics is such that

Answer 15

priority should be given to power.

Question 16

A theory of international politics based on “value judgments” and “moral perspectives” is considered

Answer 16

Normative Theory

Question 17

Just War Theory is a

Answer 17

Normative theory that defines the conduct of war

Question 18

That moral principles should/ought to guide politics is an ideal embraced by

Answer 18

Immanuel Kant

Question 19

Kant argues that “reason instructs” and motivates us toward the goal of a world society with “perpetual peace.” (T/F)

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The concept of sovereign states as the supreme, independent, and final authority in international politics is very typical of normative thinking. (T/F)

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Divorcing norms from decisions we make is somewhat challenging, but is entirely possible according to normative theory (T/F)

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The “stag hunt” is Rousseau’s illustration of

Answer 22

the tendency for cooperation.

Question 23

According to Rousseau, the underlying cause of conflict in international relations is

Answer 23

the absence of an effective peace project.

Question 24

E. H. Carr wrote, “It is as fatal in politics to ignore ______ as it is to ignore ______.”

Answer 24

power; morality

Question 25

Chapter 9 on Normative IR Theory primarily focuses on which level of analysis?

Answer 25

National/Community Level

Question 26

E. H. Carr wrote, "The _____ who dreams that it is possible to eliminate self-assertion from politics and to base a political system on morality alone is just as wide of the mark as the _____ who believes that altruism is an illusion and that all political action is self-seeking."

Answer 26

utopian; realist

Question 27

"The Melian Dialogue" emphasizes considerations of

Answer 27

power and interest in international politics

Question 28

Thomas Hobbes argued that:

Answer 28

"Where there is no common power, there is no law: where no law, no injustice."

Question 29

_____ writes that "the strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept.”

Answer 29

Thucydides

Question 30

Realists agree that “low politics” (trade, domestic concerns, etc.) are on par with “high politics” (security, war, etc.) in determining state behavior. (T/F)

Answer 30

False

Question 31

The Realist perspective originated with classical English authors such as Disraeli. (T/F)

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Realism holds that international relations are fundamentally

Answer 32

an amoral issue

Question 33

For realists, anarchy drives states to seek security primarily by

Answer 33

seeking relative power over other states.

Question 34

The “Security Dilemma” is a phenomenon rooted in the anarchic international system. (T/F)

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Realism emphasizes the constraints placed on international politics by

Answer 35

the absence of international government & the primacy of power and security

Question 36

The “state” is generally assumed by realists to be

Answer 36

a single rational actor

Question 37

For realists, moral and ethical concerns are generally

Answer 37

subordinated to considerations of power and interests.

Question 38

"A prince therefore who desires to maintain himself must learn to be not always good, but to be so or not as necessity may require." This sage advice was given by Immanuel Kant. (T/F)

Answer 38

False (Machiavelli)

Question 39

Levels of analysis helps scholars and students to systematically analyze international relations by focusing attention on A. Only the international system B. Individual leaders exclusively C. Government bureaucracy as the most important unit of analysis D. None of the above

Answer 39

None of the Above

Question 40

The English School of international relations theory focuses attention on

Answer 40

the workings of an international society

Question 41

Which of the following did Hugo Grotius NOT argue was a part of international law?

Answer 41

Power Politics

Question 42

Grotius argues that international law governs nations' behavior

Answer 42

Only during times of peace

Question 43

Hedley Bull contends that

Answer 43

Since the dawn of nation states, elements of international society have always been present

Question 44

According to Tim Dunne, the English School has more in common with constructivism than with positivist approaches to understanding international relations. (T/F)

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Match the terms according to the principles of the English School. Realist =

Answer 45

International System

Question 46

Match the terms according to the principles of the English School. Rationalist =

Answer 46

International Society

Question 47

Match the terms according to the principles of the English School. Revolutionist =

Answer 47

World Society

Question 48

Why did British and American international relations scholars diverge in the 1950s and 1960s?

Answer 48

British scholars did not embrace the behavioral movement that was overtaking American political science.

Question 49

What are the two sides in the major debate among English School theorists concerning the conception of international society?

Answer 49

Pluralist vs Solidarist

Question 50

Which of the following is the best definition of an international regime?

Answer 50

Voluntarily agreed-upon sets of principles, norms, rules, and procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given area of international relations.

Question 51

What do Constructivist/Interpretive theorists mean when they say that "theory is always for someone and for some purpose"?

Answer 51

All theories are rooted in assumptions conditioned by human perspective

Question 52

According to constructivist theory, the security dilemma is a socially constructed feature of international relations, not an inherent aspect of anarchy. (T/F)

Answer 52

True

Question 53

According to constructivist theory, states and individuals are subject to structural determinism. (T/F)

Answer 53

False

Question 54

The fundamental orientation of Constructivism is theorizing about

Answer 54

The normative and ideological impact on political actors

Question 55

Constructivists embrace only the Hobbesian view of anarchy as a jungle-like environment. (T/F)

Answer 55

False

Question 56

Constructivists criticize neorealist views of the state for

Answer 56

privileging the authority of the state above all other actors.

Question 57

Realists rely on static definitions of "national interests" to explain state behavior, but Constructivists (like Finnemore) contend that state action is motivated more by

Answer 57

Changing international norms

Question 58

Constructivism takes issue with neorealist conceptions of the sovereign state by problematizing the concept of sovereignty through

Answer 58

arguing that sovereignty is a socially constructed idea.

Question 59

Constructivists (like Wendt) believe that neorealism’s assumptions about international anarchy are

Answer 59

Socially constructed and subjective

Question 60

Constructivist theories of international relations are

Answer 60

Ideational approaches to theorizing about identity and interest

Question 61

Constructivists believe that positivist theory is a firm foundation upon which we can base our explanations of reality. (T/F)

Answer 61

True

Question 62

The end of the Cold War, and the "failure" of rationalist/positivist IR theories (Neorealism and Neoliberalism) to predict and explain a fundamental change in the international system, motivated Constructivists to question these theories' assumptions about

Answer 62

Anarchy, Agent-Structure Relations, The influence of ideas on state behavior

Question 63

Constructivism focuses our attention on competing representations of history and rejects the idea of a "true" account of history written by the dominant power. (T/F)

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Constructivists have criticized "rationalists/positivists" for being wrongheaded or misguided about

Answer 64

Ontological issues, methodological questions, and normative assumptions

Question 65

For Constructivists, actors/agents (people and states) are atomistic rational actors, NOT inherently social and a product of social relationships. (T/F)

Answer 65

False

Question 66

"Theory is always for someone and for some purpose" highlights the

Answer 66

need to critically scrutinize the ideological foundations of all theories

Question 67

A major focus of Critical Theorists is

Answer 67

interpretation of observation

Question 68

Self-reflection and probing the origins of knowledge are rejected by Critical Theorists in favor of rational accounts of International Relations. (T/F)

Answer 68

False

Question 69

Post-structuralism embraces A. The Enlightenment view of scientific progress See Viotti, pp. 169 B. The Behavioralists' "scientific method" C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

Answer 69

Neither A nor B

Question 70

The current world order is assumed by Critical Theorists to be

Answer 70

not natural, necessary, or historically invariable

Question 71

The built-in bias of Neorealism and Neoliberalism toward stability and maintaining the status quo is viewed by Critical Theorists as

Answer 71

typical of a problem-solving, technical approach to IR Theory

Question 72

Critical Theorists are not concerned with exposing ideological claims presented as objective theoretical explanations. (T/F)

Answer 72

False

Question 73

Critical Theorists reject as utopian concerns about A. universalizing certain moral and political principles B. reducing material inequality in the world C. respecting ethnic and cultural differences D. None of the above

Answer 73

none of the above

Question 74

A major goal of Critical Theory is to

Answer 74

emancipate us from unjust social and economic structures

Question 75

Critical Theory

Answer 75

emphasizes the subjectivity of human inquiry & rejects the notion of value-free social science

Question 76

For Critical Theorists, human observation and theory are subject to

Answer 76

our inability to be completely independent of the world around us

Question 77

On the Voluntarism-Determinism continuum, Critical Theorists

Answer 77

fall on the Voluntarist extreme