Final Exam Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

What is located in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 1

right lobe of liver
gallbladder
pylorus
duodenum (1-3)
pancreatic head
right suprarenal gland
right kidney
right colic (hepatic) flexure
right half of transverse colon
superior part of ascending colon

Question 2

What is located in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 2

left lobe of liver
spleen
stomach
jejunum and proximal ileum
pancreatic body and tail
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
left colic (hepatic) flexure
left half of transverse colon
superior part of descending colon

Question 3

What is located in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 3

cecum
appendix
most of ileum
inferior part of ascending colon
right ovary
right uterine tube
right ureter
right spermatic cord
uterus (only if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if full)

Question 4

What is located in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 4

sigmoid colon
inferior part of descending colon
left ovary
left uterine tube
left ureter
left spermatic cord
uterus (only if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if full)

Question 5

What is the superior border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

thoracic cage to 4th intercostal space

Question 6

What is the inferior border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 6

pelvic inlet (superior pelvic aperture)

Question 7

What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 7

parietal and visceral

Question 8

What are the lines separating the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 8

2 midclavicular to midinguinal
1 trans subcostal line (10th intercostal space)
1 trans tubercular line

Question 9

What are the lines separating the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 9

midsagittal line
and transumbilical (L3/L4)

Question 10

What is located at the very base of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 10

part of ileum, cecum, appendix, and sigmoid colon

Question 11

What is located at the most superior portion of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 11

spleen, liver, part of kidneys, and stomach

Question 12

What forms the peritoneal recess?

Answer 12

inferior recess of omental bursa between the greater omentum and umbilical folds

Question 13

What are the 5 folds of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 13

1 median umbilical fold
2 medial umbilical folds
2 lateral umbilical folds

Question 14

What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?

Answer 14

urachus (drained the fetal bladder)

Question 15

What do the medial umbilical folds cover?

Answer 15

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 16

What do the lateral umbilical folds cover?

Answer 16

the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 17

What does the the median umbilical fold cover?

Answer 17

median umbilical ligament

Question 18

What are the common sites for abdominal hernias?

Answer 18

supravesical fossae
medial inguinal fossae
lateral inguinal fossae

Question 19

Where are direct inguinal hernias likely?

Answer 19

medial inguinal fossae AKA inguinal triangles AKA Hesselbach triangles

Question 20

Where are indirect inguinal hernias likely?

Answer 20

lateral inguinal fossae

Question 21

What innervates the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 21

somatic nerves of T7-L1

Question 22

What innervates the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 22

ANS

Question 23

What anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 23

falciform ligament

Question 24

What ligament conducts the portal triad?

Answer 24

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 25

What comprises the portal triad?

Answer 25

portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct

Question 26

What ligaments are part of the greater omentum?

Answer 26

gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrophrenic ligament

Question 27

What ligaments are part of the lesser omentum?

Answer 27

hepatoduodenal ligament, gastrohepatic ligament

Question 28

What ligament anchors the spleen to the kidney?

Answer 28

lienorenal ligament

Question 29

What is the potential space between the diaphragm and liver called?

Answer 29

subphrenic recesses

Question 30

What is located in the supracolic compartment?

Answer 30

stomach, liver, and spleen

Question 31

What is located in the infracolic compartment?

Answer 31

ascending and descending colon, and SI

Question 32

What does the greater omentum do?

Answer 32

connects stomach to transverse colon

Question 33

What does the lesser omentum do?

Answer 33

connects stomach to liver

Question 34

What are the boundaries of the omental foramen?

Answer 34

hepatoduodenal ligament (anterior) IVC & right crus of diaphragm (posterior) liver (superior) first part of duodenum (inferior)

Question 35

What is the function of the mesentaries?

Answer 35

connects parts of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 36

What are some examples of intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 36

stomach, small intestine, liver, and spleen

Question 37

What are some examples of retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 37

esophagus, rectum, kidneys, ascending/descending colon

Question 38

What supplies the foregut with blood?

Answer 38

celiac trunk

Question 39

What supplies the midgut with blood?

Answer 39

superior mesenteric artery

Question 40

What supplies the hindgut with blood?

Answer 40

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 41

When dealing with an infection in the peritoneum, what can cause the ascitic fluid to move and spread?

Answer 41

paracolic gutters

Question 42

What are the boundaries for the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 42

costal cartilage & xiphoid process (superior) | inguinal ligament and pelvic girdle

Question 43

The superficial fascia below the umbilicus is divided into what 2 layers?

Answer 43

Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia

Question 44

What does the linea alba do?

Answer 44

connects the L & R rectus sheaths

Question 45

What is the anterior rectus sheath formed by?

Answer 45

external oblique and part of the internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 46

What is the posterior rectus sheath formed by?

Answer 46

transversus abdominus and part of the internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 47

What are the 3 functions of the ab muscles?

Answer 47

compress contents, maintain and increase IAP, and posture

Question 48

What is the importance of T10?

Answer 48

level of umbilicus

Question 49

What is the importance of L1?

Answer 49

inguinal canal

Question 50

The L1 nerve splits into what 2 nerves?

Answer 50

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 51

Where is the transverse abdominal plane?

Answer 51

between the internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Question 52

Where is anesthetic inserted to for a TAP block?

Answer 52

triangle of petit

Question 53

What are the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries a continuation of?

Answer 53

internal thoracic artery

Question 54

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

Answer 54

external iliac artery

Question 55

What is the superficial epigastric artery a branch of?

Answer 55

femoral artery

Question 56

Where do veins drain into ABOVE the umbilicus?

Answer 56

internal thoracic vein and lateral thoracic vein

Question 57

Where do veins drain into BELOW the umbilicus?

Answer 57

superficial and inferior epigastric veins

Question 58

Where do the lymphatics drain into ABOVE the umbilicus?

Answer 58

axillary

Question 59

Where do the lymphatics drain into BELOW the umbilicus?

Answer 59

superficial inguinal

Question 60

What is the opening in the transversalis fascia which is the entrance of the inguinal canal?

Answer 60

deep inguinal ring

Question 61

What is found in the inguinal canal?

Answer 61

ilioinguinal nerve, spermatic cord OR round ligament of the uterus, and the genitofemoral nerve

Question 62

The transversalis fascia becomes the

Answer 62

internal spermatic fascia

Question 63

The internal oblique becomes the

Answer 63

cremasteric fascia

Question 64

The external oblique aponeurosis becomes the

Answer 64

external spermatic fascia

Question 65

What type of hernia goes through the entire inguinal canal?

Answer 65

indirect

Question 66

What causes indirect hernias?

Answer 66

patent processus vaginalis

Question 67

What are the 6 important structures of the caudal foregut?

Answer 67

``` esophagus stomach duodenum pancreas liver/galbladder spleen ```

Question 68

What are the 6 important structures of the midgut?

Answer 68

``` duodenum jejunum ileum cecum/appendix ascending colon transverse colon ```

Question 69

What are the 3 important structures of the hindgut?

Answer 69

descending colon sigmoid colon rectum

Question 70

What is the blood supply to the caudal foregut?

Answer 70

celiac trunk

Question 71

What is the blood supply to the midgut?

Answer 71

superior mesenteric

Question 72

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

Answer 72

inferior mesenteric

Question 73

Where is the lesser sac?

Answer 73

in front of the pancreas, behind the stomach, below the liver, above the transverse colon