final exam abn Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is the indegenous paradigm
earth is out mother - teacher to be loved and respected
the mind is a tool for creation of balance and harmony of all being.
Tuning with our emotions is important
We are Spirit Beings have physical experience
Knowledge comes from the connection with Spirit
Life is a journey of cleansing and transformation
What is the Western paradigm
Earth is to be exploited for human gain
The mind is an innovator to be fully developed.
Emotions should be controlled and reserved if they don’t follow social norms
Spirit is expresseed through one’s religion of choice.
Knowledge can be measured and empirically validated by scientists
Life is a journey to achieve success and comfort.
What are some impact of colonialism
devastating, being controlled, manipulated and killed.
dissociation of identity, culture and self. (residential schools)
How to heal from the impacts of colonisalism
Context has to be taken - we need to acknowledge real history. without blaming, mentioning names.
reconnect with the old healing methods by reaching out for others, reconstructing and affirming indigenous concepts.
Incidence is always smaller than prevalence True or False
True
ICD 11 have separate categories on ______ and ________
sleep wake disorders and conditions related to sexual health.
What are the consequences of adding more changes and disorders in te DSM
it opens the dor for overdiagniosing and overmedication.
What are some advantages of classification?
o Common language (saves time and money), in research it’s useful because diagnosis can be studied in a systematic way, info for the educators and students and people in general.
o Coding system for stats and insurance and administrative purposes.
o Important roles in civil and criminal legal proceedings.
o Overall it provides structure.
Critiques of classifications
o Criteria have too many details – not convenient for clinicians.
o Not detailed enough for researchers.
o Dull for teachers and students.
and not precise enough for lawyers.
what was the early term for schizophrenia?
dementia praecox coined by Kraeplin.
Kraeplin proposed two majors groups of severe mental disease. What were they?
dementia praecox and manic-depressive psychosis.
The first 2 DSM were _________ and it means that it is _____________ and has a poor___________
psychoanalytic oriented
subjective
reliability
What did DSM 3 introduced?
multi-axial system
What did the DSM 4 introduced?
prevalence, course, gender, and cultural factors
more infor on each disorder
COMORBIDITY
In what way does the definition of mental disorder differ between DSM 4 and 5
DSM 5 eliminated the multi-axial system approach
it redefined and combined various autism related disorders into one category - that is the Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Dimensional approach instead of categorical approach.
Removal of Bereavement exclusion
Name the 3 ways we view the DSM
1- Mental disorders are real things
2- Mental disroders are heuritics constructs, there are overlaps and continuation of things.
3- Mental disorders are not real - just social constructs thus diagnosis is not necessary.
Why do we see such high rates of mental health problems in Canada and USA relative to other countries? Why so low in other countries / cultures?
o DSM accessible to general public
o Role of media and public personality.
o It is easy to meet the criteria.
What are some DSM 5 criticisms
- What are some DSM 5 criticisms
o Lowering age requirements – promotes overuse of medstherapy in childs, which causes serious side effects.
o Lowered thresholds.
what should guide adding new diagnosis to the DSM list or keeping the questionable ones?
Empirical Evidence: Supported by robust research and clinical observations.
Consider the impact on the public health, have a cultural sensitivity.
avoid stigmatization through careful use of language.
Consider multiple perspective and have discussions with the population before hand
Name the different dimensions or symptoms associated with anxiety disorders.
Cognitive, emotional, physiological, existential, ecological, clinical (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder).
Explain the neurobiological basis of anxiety, focusing on the involvement of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
The amygdala is responsible for emotions processing and memory consolidation, while the prefrontal cortex inhibits the amygdala. An overactive amygdala, coupled with a dysfunctional prefrontal cortex, can contribute to anxiety disorders.
List the neurotransmitters and hormones implicated in anxiety disorders and briefly explain the role of CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) in anxiety.
CRF, HPA axis (cortisol), ANS (adrenaline), Norepinephrine, and GABA. CRF has a dual role: it activates the stress response and can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.
What are some common features of anxiety disorders, and why is comorbidity recurrent in these disorders?
Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive worry and fear. Comorbidity is recurrent, often overlapping with substance abuse, depression, PTSD, and OCD. The strongest comorbidity is with depression, often treated with SSRIs.
According to the behaviorist perspective, how are phobias developed, and what role does avoidance play in reinforcing fear?
Behaviorists suggest phobias are classically conditioned, and avoidance of the feared object or stimulus reinforces the fear.
