final exam BPE Flashcards by Madelyn Lombardi

Which is NOT a correct association of an endocrine gland with a hormone it secretes?
Thyroid gland - calcitonin
Adrenal medulla - epinephrine
Anterior lobe of the pituitary - melatonin
Pancreas - glucagon
Adrenal cortex - glucocorticoids

Anterior lobe of the pituitary - melatonin

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Which of the following is NOT a means by which the hypothalamus influences endocrine activity?
It oversees the autonomic nervous sytem
It stimulates hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla
It secretes regulatory hormones that influence the anterior pituitary
It produces hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary
It has axons that project into the anterior pituitary

It has axons that project into the anterior pituitary

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Which of the following locations has cells containing receptors for antidiuretic hormone, (i.e., what is a target for ADH)?
Adrenal cortex and thyroid gland
Ovaries and testes
Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls
Smooth muscle of urinary bladder
Smooth muscle of male reproductive tract

Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls

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Which hormone is likely to be released in response to elevated blood calcium levels, in an effort to bring levels back down to within the homeostatic range?
Parathyroid hormone
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormone

Calcitonin

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A radiologist examines a brain and neck scan for a pituitary tumor. Where should she be looking?
Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Between the cerebrum and cerebellum, inferior to the occipital lobe
Within the third ventricle of the brain
On the tracheal surface, inferior to the larynx
On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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Which of the following assists with urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder?
Pressure from the small intestine
Peristalsis of the ureters
Contraction of the detrusor muscle
Suction from the urinary bladder
Ciliary action in the renal pelvis

Peristalsis of the ureters

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Which is NOT correct regarding the urinary bladder?
The autonomic nervous system influences the internal urethral sphincter.
The muscularis layer forms the detrusor muscle.
The bladder is lined with transitional epithelium.
The empty bladder is located in the abdominal cavity.
There are two ureteral openings.

The empty bladder is located in the abdominal cavity.

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Which of the following is TRUE about the female urethra?
It does not pierce the urogenital diaphragm
It is not as distensible as the male urethra.
It normally carries urine and blood.
It has both urinary and reproductive functions.
It is shorter than the male urethra.

It is shorter than the male urethra.

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Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward a glomerulus?
—- Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobular artery - arcuate artery - interlobar artery
—- Arcuate artery - interlobular artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - renal artery
—- Renal artery - interlobular artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery
—-Interlobar artery - segmental artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery
—- Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery

Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery

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Which of the following distinguish the capillaries of the glomerulus from other capillary networks in the body?
Glomerular capillaries secrete mucus.
Glomerular capillaries contain no endothelium.
Glomerular capillaries drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.
Glomerular capillaries absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule.
Glomerular capillaries carry only deoxygenated blood.

Glomerular capillaries drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.

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In the kidney, what is the filtrate called when it leaves the collecting duct?
Lymph
Tubular secretions
Chyme
Urine
Bile

Urine

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Which of the following are the oocyte “stem cells” that are present before birth?
Genital ridges
Primary follicles
Oogonia
Secondary follicles
Corpora albicans

Oogonia

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What is a primary function of the uterine tubes?
To connect the ovary to the uterus
To transport an oocyte to the uterus
To provide a passage for menstrual fluid
To stimulate the release of the oocyte
To produce hormones that maintain the uterine lining

To transport an oocyte to the uterus

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The basal layer is a portion of which larger uterine layer?
Muscularis
Myometrium
Serosa
Endometrium
Perimetrium

Endometrium

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When does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?
When it receives a surge of LH (luteinizing hormone)
When it receives a surge of FSH (follilce stimulating hormone)
During ovulation
When it reaches the uterus
When it is fertilized

When it is fertilized

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Which is of the following is NOT correct regarding the ovaries?
The ovaries produce gametes and sex hormones.
The ovaries are the female gonads.
The ovaries migrate out of the pelvic cavity after birth.
The ovaries are located lateral to the uterus.
Each ovary has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.

The ovaries migrate out of the pelvic cavity after birth.

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Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured follicle of which type?
Primordial
Mature
Corpus albicans
Primary
Secondary

Mature

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Which of the following is the male primary sex organ (gonad)?
Penis
Y chromosome
Testis
Ductus (vas) deferens
Scrotum

Testis

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Which of the following is associated with erection of the penis?
Increased secretions of lymph into the spongy tissue
Semen pressure from the testes and ductus deferens
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Muscle flexion of the penile muscles
Blood filling the erectile tissue

Blood filling the erectile tissue

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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the penis?
The prepuce is removed during circumcision.
The root is the “fixed” end.
The enlarged proximal end is called the glans.
It functions in both the reproductive and urinary systems.
The body contains the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.

The enlarged proximal end is called the glans.

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Which of the following support, protect, and nourish developing sperm?
Acinar cells
Interstitial cells
Islet cells
Follicular cells
Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells

Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells

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Which is NOT TRUE about spermatogenesis?
Mature spermatozoa are haploid.
The process takes place in the walls of the seminiferous tubules.
The process includes two meiotic divisions.
Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man’s life.
Spermatogonia divide by mitosis.

Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man’s life

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How many spermatozoa ultimately develop from each primary spermatocyte?
5
3
1
2
4

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Which of the following is TRUE regarding false labor (Braxton-Hicks contractions)?
The contractions progress
The contractions are irregular
The contractions coincide with the expulsion stage
The contractions do not hurt
The contractions are psychogenic

The contractions are irregular

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The hormone _____________ stimulates milk production, and the hormone ________________ stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands. oxytocin; prolactin progesterone; estrogen prolactin; oxytocin follicle-stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone luteinizing hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone

prolactin; oxytocin

When is lochia present? During ovulation During the placental stage of labor After birth During the expulsion stage of labor During the dilation stage of labor

After birth

When a baby suckles, an impulse is sent to the mother's hypothalamus. The hypothalamus signals the posterior pituitary to release a hormone that causes milk to be ejected from the mammary gland. As the baby continues to suckle, the hypothalamus will continue to be stimulated. This an example of which of the following? Negative feedback Equilibrium Positive feedback Autonomic dysfunction Autonomic paradox

Positive feedback

Which of the following is a result of sympathetic innervation of the digestive system? Promotion of digestive activity Relaxation of GI sphincters Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the GI tract Stimulation of GI gland secretions Stimulation of peristalsis

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the GI tract

A student is studying skull anatomy by assembling a skull model. Which of the following will she need to assemble the hard palate? Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae Palatine bones only Palatine bones and maxillae Maxillae and sphenoid Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Palatine bones and maxillae

Which of the following is the innermost layer of the GI tract? Mucosa Serosa or adventitia Muscularis mucosae Inner circular layer of muscularis Submucosa

Mucosa

Which of the following is a primary function of the large intestine? Storage of vitamins and minerals Water and electrolyte absorption Secretion of water, salts, and enzymes Detoxification of drugs (including alcohol) Protein digestion and nutrient absorption

Water and electrolyte absorption

Which of the following is the correct order of small intestine regions that food passes as it is being digested? Ileum - jejunum - duodenum Duodenum - jejunum - ileum Duodenum - ileum - jejunum Jejunum - duodenum - ileum Ileum - duodenum - jejunum

Duodenum - jejunum - ileum

Which of the following is TRUE about "pancreatic juice"? It is produced by the acinar cells It drains into the first part of the stomach Its production is inhibited by parasympathetic innervation It is a greenish fluid that breaks down fats It leaves via the cystic duct

It is produced by the acinar cells

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the liver? It processes and detoxifies drugs It stores nutrients and vitamins It produces bile It produces plasma proteins It is a site of mechanical digestion

It is a site of mechanical digestion

Which of the following normally drain into the hepatic portal system? Superior mesenteric vein only Splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and inferior mesenteric vein Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct Splenic vein and inferior mesenteric veins only Celiac trunk only

Splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and inferior mesenteric vein

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the endocrine system? It relies on the circulatory system for transportation It primarily uses negative feedback loops for regulation Its effects can be more long-lasting than those of the nervous system Its reaction time is generally faster than the nervous system's Endocrine glands secrete hormones

Its reaction time is generally faster than the nervous system's

A laboratory technician examines a microscope slide showing a section of the inner cheek wall. What type of tissue will they see facing the lumen of the oral cavity? Loose connective tissue Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Smooth muscle Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Keratinized stratified cuboidal epithelium

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following structures allow bile and enzymes from the liver and pancreas to enter the duodenum? Duodenal papilla Pyloric sphincter Appendix Plicae circulares Fundus

Duodenal papilla

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the liver? Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe Left lobe Right lobe Middle lobe

Middle lobe

The hierarchy of endocrine control is somewhat like that of a corporation. For example, the "president" of the endocrine system is which of the following? Hypothlalamus Adrenal cortex Pituitary gland Spinal cord Cerebral cortex

Hypothlalamus

Which of the following hormones is likely to be released during an overnight fast to help maintain proper blood glucose levels? Insulin Growth hormone Estrogen Glucagon Epinephrine

Glucagon

Which hormone is likely to be released just after a meal, helping to lower blood glucose levels? Glucagon Insulin Androgens Parathyroid hormone Calcitonin

Insulin

Secretion of which of the following hormones is NOT under the control of a hypothalamic regulatory hormone? Growth hormone Prolactin Oxytocin Thyroid-stimulating hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone? Mammary glands Ovaries and testes Uterus Hair follicles Thyroid follicles

Ovaries and testes

Which of the following stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex? Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin Luteinizing hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Thyroid hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary tract? Kidney Left ureter Right ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

Kidney

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the external urethral sphincter? It is located in the wall of the bladder, near the urethral openings. It is controlled by the somatic nervous system. It is innervated by the sciatic nerve. It is composed of smooth muscle fibers. It is found only in males.

It is controlled by the somatic nervous system.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the kidneys? The left kidney is located lower than the right kidney. The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The kidneys are located in the posterior abdominal wall. The kidneys produce urine. The kidneys filter blood.

The left kidney is located lower than the right kidney.

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding nephrons? Each kidney contains between 8 to 15 nephrons. The renal tubule is composed of the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule. Most nephrons are located in the cortex of the kidney. The nephron is the functional filtration unit in the kidney.

Each kidney contains between 8 to 15 nephrons.

In the nephron loop, when materials and water are reabsorbed from the filtrate, into which structure does it enter the bloodstream? Efferent arteriole Vasa recta Peritubular capillaries Collecting duct Afferent arteriole

Peritubular capillaries

Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule? Secretion Secretion and reabsorption Reabsorption Filtration Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption

Secretion and reabsorption

Which of the following is the inferior, constricted portion of the uterus? Perimetrium Fimbriae Cervix Vagina Fundus

Cervix

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the clitoris? It contains the openings for the greater vestibular glands It consists of two layers of smooth muscle It is homologous to the glans of the penis It develops from the cortex of the primitive gonads It is posterior to the urethral orifice

It is homologous to the glans of the penis

What is the function of the corpus luteum? To protect the ovary from infection To produce breast milk To produce hormones that maintain the lining of the uterus To move the oocyte to the uterine tube To secrete mucus as a lubricant

To produce hormones that maintain the lining of the uterus

Which is of the following is NOT correct regarding the ovaries? The ovaries are the female gonads. The ovaries are located lateral to the uterus. Each ovary has an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The ovaries produce gametes and sex hormones. The ovaries migrate out of the pelvic cavity after birth.

The ovaries migrate out of the pelvic cavity after birth.

At day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a surge of which of the following hormones will induce ovulation? Luteinizing hormone Prolactin Estrogen Human chorionic gonadotropin Growth hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Which of the following form the ejaculatory duct? Ductus (vas) deferens and bulbourethral glands Ductus (vas) deferens and prostatic urethra Ductus (vas) deferens and the seminal vesicle Ductus (vas) deferens and prostate gland

Ductus (vas) deferens and the seminal vesicle

When performing a circumcision on a newborn male, what structure is removed? Glans Corpus spongiosum Root Prepuce Corpora cavernosa

Prepuce

Which of the following is the correct order of appearance of structures during spermatogenesis? ---- Spermatogonium->Primary spermatocyte->Secondary spermatocyte->Spermatid->Sperm (Spermatozoa) ----Spermatid->Spermatogonium->Primary spermatocyte->Secondary spermatocyte->Sperm (Spermatozoa) ---- Sperm (Spermatozoa)->Primary spermatocyte->Secondary spermatocyte->Spermatogonium->Spermatid ---- Spermatogonium->Secondary spermatocyte->Sperm (Spermatozoa) ->Spermatid->Primary spermatocyte ---- Primary spermatocyte->Secondary spermatocyte->Sperm (Spermatozoa)->Spermatid->Spermatogonium

Spermatogonium->Primary spermatocyte->Secondary spermatocyte->Spermatid->Sperm (Spermatozoa)

After birth, which of the following hormones assists with returning the uterus to its pre-preganancy size? Follcile-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin Growth hormone Human chorionic gonadotropin

Oxytocin

What process marks the end of labor? There are regular uterine contractions The uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size The cervix dilates The placenta is delivered The baby moves into the true pelvis

The placenta is delivered

Which of the following is NOT a typical or common change in the mother after birth? Lactation Decreased estrogren and progesterone levels Postpartum psychosis Loss of fluids Contraction of uterus

Postpartum psychosis

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the biliary apparatus? The right and left hepatic ducts unite to form the cystic duct The cystic duct and common hepatic ducts form the pancreatic duct The cystic duct and common hepatic duct unite to form the common bile duct Bile is produced in the gallbladder Bile and pancreatic juices enter the large intestine at the major duodenal papilla

The cystic duct and common hepatic duct unite to form the common bile duct

Which of the following locations has cells containing receptors for antidiuretic hormone, (i.e., what is a target for ADH)? Smooth muscle of male reproductive tract Smooth muscle of urinary bladder Ovaries and testes Adrenal cortex and thyroid gland Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls

Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls

Which endocrine gland is small, cone-shaped, and attached to the posterior region of the epithalamus? Pancreas Hypothalamus Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thymus gland

Pineal gland

Which of the following is the correct order for the process of urine formation? ---- Nephron loop->Distal convoluted tubule->Collecting duct->Proximal convoluted tubule->Capsular space of glomerulus ---- Capsular space of glomerulus->Collecting duct->Nephron loop->Proximal convoluted tubule->Distal convoluted tubule ---- Capsular space of glomerulus->Proximal convoluted tubule->Nephron loop->Distal convoluted tubule->Collecting duct ---- Nephron loop->Proximal convoluted tubule->Collecting duct->Distal convoluted tubule->Capsular space of glomerulus ---- Proximal convoluted tubule->Distal convoluted tubule->Nephron loop->Capsular space of glomerulus->Collecting duct

Capsular space of glomerulus->Proximal convoluted tubule->Nephron loop->Distal convoluted tubule->Collecting duct

Which of the following is TRUE about the development of the ovarian follicles? They are formed in response to the SRY gene They are formed when a Y chromosome is present They migrate to the ovaries from the uterus They are fully functional at birth They are formed from the cortex of the primitive gonad

They are formed from the cortex of the primitive gonad

When does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis II? When it receives a surge of FSH (follilce stimulating hormone) When it reaches the uterus During ovulation When it receives a surge of LH (luteinizing hormone) When it is fertilized

When it is fertilized

Which of the following is TRUE about the scrotum? It contains the testes and the seminal vesicles It contains the testes and the prostate gland It produces male sex hormones It keeps the testes cooler than internal body temperature It keeps the testes warmer than internal body temperature

It keeps the testes cooler than internal body temperature

What part of a spermatozoon contains the nuclear material (DNA)? Acrosome cap Tail Midpiece Flagellum Head

Head

final exam BPE Flashcards

(71 cards)