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med surg oncology > Final Exam: Cardiac > Flashcards

Final Exam: Cardiac Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Decreases rate of SA node

Slows impulse conduction of AV node

A

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

Increases rate of SA node

Increases impulse conduction of cardiac contractility

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

Secondary pacemakers

AV node

A

40-60 beats/min

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4
Q

His-Purkinje fibers

A

20-40 beat/min

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5
Q

what’s going on during P wave

A

atrial contraction

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6
Q

what’s going on during QRS wave

A

contraction of the ventricles

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7
Q

what’s going on during T wave?

A

relaxation of the ventricles

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8
Q

2 phases of electrical activity: depolarization and repolarization

A

depolarization: active
repolarization: resting

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9
Q

depolarization=

A

systole=contraction

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10
Q

repolarization=

A

diastole=resting/filling phase

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11
Q

The property of myocardial tissue that allows it to be depolarized by a stimulus is called

A

excitability

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12
Q

occurs when excitability is zero and the heart cannot be stimulated.

A

absolute refractory phase

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13
Q

small box=_____sec

large box=_____ sec

A
  1. 04

0. 20

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14
Q

P wave= atrial depolarization, what are main characteristics?

A

Normally indicates firing of the sinoatrial node
Not to exceed three small boxes high
First positive wave seen

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15
Q

QRS wave= ventricular depolarization, what are the main characteristics?

A 
0.06 to 0.10 second
Various configurations
Wide: slowed conduction 
Bundle branch block (BBB)
Ventricular rhythm
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16
Q

what to look for with ST segment
ST elevation= ____
ST depression=_____

A

elevation=myocardial injury

depression=myocardial ischemia

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17
Q

T wave=what? and what are the main characteristics of it?

A 
Ventricular repolarization
Follows a QRS complex
Bigger than a P wave
No greater than five small boxes high
Inversion indicates ischemia to myocardium
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18
Q

P wave = atrial depolarization

any change could indicate what

A

could indicate atrial dysfunction or a degree of heart block

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19
Q

QRS = ventricular depolarization

Any change in QRS could indicate

A

ventricular fibrillation
Lack of QRS: degree of heart block
Wide QRS: PVC’s

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20
Q

T wave = ventricular repolarization

Any change in T wave

A

electrolyte disturbance, myocardial hypoxia

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21
Q

what’s QT interval, time of normalcy and why is it important to measure?

A

.32-.5 seconds

important to measure: Long QT syndrome

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22
Q

which meds prolong the QT interval?

Study These Flashcards
A

Haldol, Quinidine, Procainamide, Biaxin

23
Q

Abnormal Rhythm:
Caused by vagal inhibition or sympathetic stimulation
Associated with physiologic and psychologic stressors
Drugs can increase rate

Study These Flashcards
A

sinus tachycardia

24
Q

S/S of Sinus Tachycardia:

Study These Flashcards
A

Dizziness
Dyspnea
Hypotension
Angina in patients with CAD

25
Treatment for Sinus tachy
Guided by cause e.g., treat pain Vagal maneuver β-adrenergic blockers
26
S/S of Sinus Bradycardia:
``` Hypotension Pale, cool skin Weakness Angina Dizziness or syncope Confusion or disorientation Shortness of breath ```
27
Treatment for Sinus Bradycardia
``` Atropine Pacemaker Stop offending drugs: Digitalis glycosides (digoxin) Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers ```
28
Contraction originating from ectopic focus in atrium in location other than SA node Travels across atria by abnormal pathway, creating distorted P wave May be stopped, delayed, or conducted normally at the AV node
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)
29
diseases that can cause PAC?
CAD, COPD, Hyperthyroidism
30
S/S of PAC?
Palpitations, heart skips a beat
31
Treatment for PAC?
Monitor for more serious dysrhythmias (SVT) Withhold sources of stimulation No caffeine, alcohol, smoking, look at labs β-adrenergic blockers: Metoprolol atenolol
32
almost always occurs in diseased hearts but it can occur in otherwise asymptomatic hearts. The incidence of _______ increases with age and medical conditions including: congestive heart failure, rheumatic valve disease, congenital heart disease, lung disease such as emphysema, or high blood pressure.
atrial flutter
33
saw tooth P wave patterns on cardiac strip
atrial flutter
34
Symptoms result from high ______ rate and loss of atrial “kick”
ventricular rate
35
a total disorganization of atrial electrical activity due to multiple ectopic foci resulting in loss of effective atrial contraction
A fib
36
hallmark characteristic for someone with A-fib
Irregular ventricular rate
37
Atrial flutter increases what
risk of stroke
38
A fib increases risk factor of getting what
pulmonary/systemic emboli
39
treatment types for A fib
amiodorone, ibutilide, maze with cryoablation electrical cardioversion anticoagulation
40
Rapid, life-threatening dysrhythmia is indicative of
ventricular tachycardia
41
Sustained VT causes severe decrease in CO, what are Signs and symtoms?
Hypotension, pulmonary edema, decreased cerebral blood flow, cardiopulmonary arrest
42
VT with pulse (stable) treated with
antidysrhythmics (amiodorone) or cardioversion
43
Pulseless VT treated with
CPR and rapid defibrillation
44
No discernible P, Q, R, S, or T waves | No cardiac output; life threatening
V fib
45
V Fib treatment
``` Treat with immediate CPR and ACLS Defibrillation: do not delay! Drug therapy (epinephrine, vasopressin) ```
46
the condition for stating someone's in asystole
must assess on more than one lead
47
Asystole treatment
CPR, ACLS support measures, intubation (ambu bag) | poor prognosis
48
treatment for Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)
CPR, intubation & IV epinephrine
49
PEA Signs/Symptoms-----(H's and T's) list H's
``` Hypoxia Hypovolemia Hydrogen ion (acidosis) Hyper-/hypokalemia Hypoglycemia Hypothermia ```
50
PEA S/S ----(H's and T's) list T's
``` Toxins Tamponade (cardiac) Thrombosis (MI & pulmonary) Tension pneumothorax Trauma ```
51
is a small electronic device connected to the heart. It is used to continuously monitor and help control fast and sometimes life-threatening electrical problems with the heart
ICD (implantable cardioverter device)
52
patient education for ICD and pacemaker patient
- follow-up appointments - arm restriction (dont raise arm on ICD side till doct oks it) - sexual activity- discuss with doctor - airport-inform security, dont wave badge directly over it - avoid large magnets--> mri - antitheft device- dont stand near it - medic alert bracelet - ICD identification card with meds
53
what to do if ICD fires?
fires once, and you're fine--> call cardiologist fires once and you feel sick--> call ambulance fires more than once--> call ambulance

med surg oncology (3 decks)

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