final exam (ch. 8,9 and 10) Flashcards
(25 cards)
what are the 6 levels on the ACE etiological pathway
- adverse childhood experience
- disrupted neurodevelopment
- social, emotional and cognitive impairment
- adoption of health risk behaviours
- disease, disability and social problems
- early death
what happens if a child is under chronic stress?
Allostatic load: (textbook glossary) progressive “wear and tear” on biological systems due to chronic stress
Essential brain-body functions are suppressed by high cortisol – leading to system break downs
Basically, the sympathetic stress response system at first becomes overactive (repeated neuroendocrine activation), which is very hard on bodily organs and our immune system as it does not turn back off, then eventually becomes ‘depleted’ and no longer works to reduce stress – quite the opposite as cortisol levels decrease. This is known as Toxic stress.
as of Jan 4, what is the law on spanking?
Teachers or parents are allowed as ling as they are sober and have a reason and will teach the child something
types of child maltreatment and their percentages
physical abuse - 17%
sexual abuse - 8.3%
psychological maltreatment - 6%
medical neglect - 2.2%
Neglect - 75%
other - 6.8%
how common is ACE in clinical child samples?
90% of clinic referred children/teens reported at least one ACE before the age of 18
what is job burnout?
job burnout occurs when we are in job roles that support others
what are 3 signs of job burnout?
- emotional exhaustion
- depersonalization (cynical distancing from others)
- ineffectiveness ( a reduced sense of personal accomplishment)
what is emotional Labour
Definition - The management of the expression of feelings to create a public face and meet job expectations
what is the National Child Traumatic Stress Network?
The Network’s mission is to raise the standard of care for traumatized youth and families. As part of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Center, the Learning Center for Child and Adolescent Trauma offers Free Online Education. This includes a newsletter and free power point decks with
can trauma in childhood change the way brain pathways develop and change behaviour later on?
Yes, in many ways
what is trauma?
trauma is a psychological response to highly stressful negative life events
(experience fear, helplessness or horror
what is our bodys response to fear?
a classic sympathetic nervous system response is
1. dilated pupils
2. tight muscles
3. rapid heart beat
4. seeking protection from others
what part of our body preps us for sudden acute stress?
our neuroendocrine system and our amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex - increases adrenaline and cortisol
what are the HPA system changes under toxic stress?
Initially when under frequent acute stress, we become hyperreactive. Now if acute stressors become chronic, the HPA axis will move to a hypo-responsive maladaptive response.
As well, when chronic child abuse exists, “fight or flight” may not be feasible. Our biological protective system of releasing glucocorticoids to energize the CNS is no longer adaptive.
what is autonomic self regulation?
- rapid muscles impulse- directed
- fight or flight response
- important for urgent situations
what is intentional self - regulation
- conscious, planful, proactive
- inhibits automatic responses
- important for achieving goals
how does excessive stress effect early childhood?
redirects child brain development away from planning and impulse control toward building the capacity for rapid threat response
how does excessive stress effect adulthood?
effects adults ability to use executive functioning and intentional self regulation skills, leaving them to heavily rely on their automatic responses.
what are the 4 types of attachment?
- secure
- anxious-avoidant
- anxious resistant
- disorganized dioriented
PTSD in children 0-6
directly experiencing a traumatic event
witnessing an event (especially caregiver) *does not count if seen on tv, media etc
- reoccurring memory of event
- distressing dreams related to incident
who does get PTSD?
Predisposing factors including extent of exposure to previous ACE; vulnerable biology
Peri-traumatic factors – the manner in which the trauma was perceived (level of horror, shame, guilt, dissociation)
Post-trauma factors such as social support
Trauma focused CBT - what does PRACTICE stand for?
P -psychoeducation and parenting skills
R- relaxation skills
A- affective regulation skills
C- cognitive coping skills
T- trauma narrative & processing
I - in vivo mastery of trauma reminders
C - conjoint parent/child sessions
E - Enhancing safety and future development
what is DBT?
Dialectical behaviour therapy
what are the 4 core principles of DBT?
- the primacy of the therapeutic relationship
- a non judgmental approach
- differentiating between effective and ineffective behaviours
- dialectical thinking (holding two different opinions or thoughts at the same time)
