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ANAT316 > Final Exam: Chapter 2 Face & Senses > Flashcards

Final Exam: Chapter 2 Face & Senses Flashcards

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1
Q

sympathetic innervation of the EYE

A

T1 –>superior cervical ganglion –> follows internal carotid artery –> levator palpabrae, dilator pupillae (upper eyelid)

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2
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the EYE

A

CN III (occulomotor) –> ciliary ganglion –> ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae

CN VII (facial) –> pterygopalantine ganglion –> lacrimal gland

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3
Q

conjuctiva

A

coninous membrane that coversinside of eyelids

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4
Q

tarsal plates

A

thick fascial core of eyelids

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5
Q

palpabrae fissure

A

opening of eyelids

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6
Q

lacrimal gland location

A

upper, outer orbit

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7
Q

conjuctival sacs

A

lacrimal gland ducts enter here

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8
Q

tear migration

A

medially: lacrimal punctum–> lacrimal duct –> conjuctival sacs

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9
Q

pharynx location

A

hangs from occipatal bone, in front of cervical vertebrae

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10
Q

pharynx is continuous with the ___

A

esophagus

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11
Q

esophagus is continuous with the ____

A

pharynx

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12
Q

layers of pharynx

A

inner mucosa, middle fibrous tissue, outer muscular layer

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13
Q

pharynx communicates anteriorly with ____, ____, and ____

A

nasal cavity, mouth, larynx

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14
Q

nasopharynx opens anteriorly into the ____ by the ____

A

nasal cavity, choanae

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15
Q

nasopharynx uses the ____ to communicate with the ___ ear

A

tympanic (eustachian) tube, middle ear

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16
Q

oropharynx extends from the ____ to the ____

A

soft palate to the hyoid bone

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17
Q

oropharynx connects to the mouth via the ___

A

fauces

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18
Q

fauces

A

arch connecting mouth to pharynx

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19
Q

laryngopharynx extends from ___ to ___

A

hyoid to esophagus

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20
Q

opening of larynx is located in the ____

A

wall of the proximal laryngopharynx

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21
Q

epiglottis

A

protects opening of larynx

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22
Q

pharyngeal tonsil (#, type of tissue, location)

A
  • single
  • lymphoid tissue
  • posterior wall of top of pharynx
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23
Q

palantine tonsil (#, type of tissue, location, description)

A
  • paired
  • lymphoid tissue
  • depression at fauces’ base
  • upper and lower pole, thick, fibrous base, easily removed
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24
Q

lingual tonsil (#, type of tissue, location)

A
  • paired
  • lymphoid tissue
  • posterior tongue
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25
tympanic tube
connects nasopharynx to middle ear, allows infection to spread into middle ear
26
tympanic tube originates on _____ and terminates on ____
lateral wall of pharynx, terminates on medial wall of middle ear
27
tympanic tube is part of ___ ____ bone
petrous temporal bone
28
tympanic tube 's medial 2/3 are supported by ___
cartilage
29
tympanic tube is lined by ___
mucosa
30
mouth is divided into these 2 parts
vestibule and oral cavity (mouth proper)
31
vestibule is located btwn ___ and ___
lips and teeth & gums
32
vestibule contains the opening to
parotid gland duct (opposite 2nd molar)
33
oral cavity contains this muscle
tongue
34
oral cavity has a roof (___), floor (___) and 2 walls (___)
palates, below tongue, teeth
35
roof of oral caivty is made of
hard and soft palate
36
hard palate of mouth cavity is made of
palantine processes of maxilla and 2 palantine bones
37
soft palate of mouth cavity is
musculofibrous
38
uvula
non-functional, hangs from posterior border of soft palate
39
floor of mouth cavity is lined with ___ and contains ducts to __(#) ___
mucosa, 2 salivary glands
40
tongue
muscular organ with specialized mucosa containing taste buds
41
musculature of tongue is divided into these groups
Intrinsic muscles (make up tongue body) - alter shape of tongue - - vertical, longitudinal and transverse Extrinsic muscles - for communication & digestion - - Genioglossus (pulls tongue forward, O: genial tubercle on inside of mandible, I: tongue base) - - Hyoglossus [2] (depresses tongue laterally, O: hyoid bone, I: tongue side) - - Styloglossus (elevates and retracts tongue, O: styloid process, I: tongue side) - - Palatoglossus (elevates tongue, O: side of palate, I: tongue)
42
Extrinsic muscles of tongue
- for communication & digestion - - Genioglossus (pulls tongue forward, O: genial tubercle on inside of mandible, I: tongue base) - - Hyoglossus [2] (depresses tongue laterally, O: hyoid bone, I: tongue side) - - Styloglossus (elevates and retracts tongue, O: styloid process, I: tongue side) - - Palatoglossus (elevates tongue, O: side of palate, I: tongue)
43
Intrinsic muscles of tongue
- alter shape of tongue | - - vertical, longitudinal and transverse
44
papillae
specialized processes in unique mucosa of tongue
45
frenulum
mid-line of tongue, tethers tongue to floor
46
sulcus terminalis
v-shaped groove, separates anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue
47
motor innervation of tongue muscles
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) ---- exception: palatoglossus is innervated by vagus nerve (CN X)
48
sensory innervation of tongue (general & taste)
General - anterior 2/3 = CN V (trigeminal) - posterior 1/3 = CN IX (glossopharyngeal) Taste Innervation - anterior 2/3 = CN VII (facial) - posterior 1/3 = CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
49
salivary glands (# & function)
3 pairs (parotid, sublingual, submandibular) , secrete saliva into mouth to moisten and digest food
50
parotid gland (location, secretion, innervation)
salivary gland location: front of ear secretion: by 2nd molar, serous innervation: CN IX (glossopharyngeal) --> otic ganglion --> parotid
51
sublingual gland (location, secretion, innervation)
salivary gland location: floor of each mouth side, lateral to submandibular secretion: by small openings onto mouth floor OR into submandibular ducts innervation: CN VII (facial) --> submandibular ganglion --> sublingual gland
52
submandibular gland (location, secretion, innervation)
salivary gland location: jaw angle secretion: ducts run under tongue and open near frenulum, mixed serous and mucous secretion innervation: CN VII (facial) --> submandibular ganglion --> submandibular gland
53
each half-jaw contains __ teeth
8 teeth, (3 molars, 2 premolars, 2 incisors, 1 canine)
54
jaw & teeth innervation
upper jaw + teeth = CN V2 (trigeminal - maxillary) | lower jaw + teeth = CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)
55
larynx
connects oropharynx and trachea, part of airway, connected proximally to epiglottis, below hyoid cartilage skeleton divided into external and internal skeleton
56
organ of phonation
larynx
57
external skeleton of larynx
THYROID CARTILAGE - largest cartilage, shaped like a shield - hyaline cartialge - superior horn approaches hyoid - inferior horn articulates with cricoid CRICOID CARTILAGE - signet ring shape, wide posteriorly - articulates with inferior horn of thyroid
58
adam's apple
thyroid cartilage prominence
59
cricothyroid ligament
btwn hyoid and cricoid structures anteriorly TRIANGULAR MEMBRANE/CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT/CONUS ELASTICUS - lower border = attached to cricoid - upper border = true vocal cords - ligamentous - attached to vocal processes and to inside of thyroid cartilage
60
internal skeleton of larynx
ARYTENOIDS - paired, pyrimidal structures - articulate with posterior cricoid - rotate horizontally - anterior processes = vocal processes - vocal cords attach to vocal processes - post-lateral muscular process EPIGLOTTAL CARTILAGE - elastic, racket-shaped - attached to front of thyroid catilage - lined with respiratory epithelium - drops when swallowing to close off laryngeal opening (thyroid cartilage raises)
61
cricothyroid muscle
of larynx, pulls forward to tighten and increase pitch
62
membranes of larynx
QUADRANGULAR MEMBRANE - upper membrane - anteriorly attached to epiglottis sides and thyroid - posteriorly attached to arteynoids - lower border = false vocal cords TRIANGULAR MEMBRANE/CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT/CONUS ELASTICUS - lower border = attached to cricoid - upper border = true vocal cords - ligamentous - attached to vocal processes and to inside of thyroid cartilage
63
false vocal cords
- made of quadrangular membrane | - above and lateral to real vocal cards
64
conus elasticus
TRIANGULAR MEMBRANE/CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT/CONUS ELASTICUS - lower border = attached to cricoid - upper border = true vocal cords - ligamentous - attached to vocal processes and to inside of thyroid cartilage
65
rima glottidis
- aperture btwn vocal cords | - muscles on arytenoids, cricoid and thyroid cartilages change the width of opening and the tension on vocal cords
66
cricothyroid muscle
largest muscle controlling larynx
67
motor innervation of larynx
Most Larynx Muscles: CN X (Vagus) --> recurrent laryngeal nerves Cricothyroid: CN X (Vagus) --> external laryngeal nerve
68
sensory innervation of larynx
Above Vocal Cords: CN X (Vagus) --> superior laryngeal nerves Below Vocal Cords: CN X (Vagus) --> recurrent laryngeal nerves
69
sternomastoid muscle
``` divides anterior an posterior triangles of neck turns head to opposite side O: manubrium, medial clavicle I: mastoid process of temporal bond innervated by CN XI (Spinal Accessory) ```
70
Scalene Muscles of Neck
Anterior, Middle & Posterior raise thoracic cage as 2ndary respiration muscles O: transverse process if middle to lower cervical vertebrae Anterior I: scalene tubercle ~~subclavian artery passes thru~~ Middle I: behind anterior on scalene tubercle Posterior I: 2nd rib Innervated by small twigs of cervical nerves
71
Muscles of Mouth Floor
``` MYLOHYOID - elevates hyoid - floor of mouth, raphe in the middle O: mandible I: hyoid innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular) ``` DIGASTRIC - elevate hyoid, depress mouth - anterior & posterior bellies go through tendinous loop at top of hyoid - posterior belly runs down mastoid process - anterior belly runs down side of genial tubercle innerv anterior: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular) innerv posterior: CN VII (facial) ``` STYLOHYOID - elevates hyoid O: styloid I: hyoid innerv: CN VII (facial) ```
72
muscles of mastication
``` TEMPORALIS - closes mouth - occupies temporal fossa, passes thru zygomatic arch I: coronoid mandible process innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular) ``` ``` MASSETER - closes mouth O: zygomatic arch I: ramus of mandible innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular) ``` ``` MEDIAL PTERYGOID - closes mouth O: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid I: jaw angle innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular) ``` ``` LATERAL PTERYGOID - jaw protrusion O: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid I: neck of mandibular condyle innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular) ``` ** ALL innervated by CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)
73
muscles of pharynx
SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR O: medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe I: pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly) MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR O: stylohyoid ligament, hyoid bone I: pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly) INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR O: thyroid/cricoid cartilage I: pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly) * * ALL innervated by CN XI (Spinal Accessory) * * ALL insert on pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly)
74
muscles of face
BUCCINATOR - moves food in mouth O: pterygomandibular raphe I: mouth corner ORBICULARIS ORIS - protrudes lips - surrounds mouth ORBICULARIS OCCULI - closes eyes - surround orbit ** ALL innervated by CN VII (facial)
75
muscles of scalp
FRONTALIS O: eyebrows I: Fronto-occipital aponeurosis (thick layer of fascia) OCCIPITALIS O: occipital bone I: Fronto-occipital aponeurosis (thick layer of fascia)
76
layers of scalp
``` Skin Connective Tissue Aponeurosis Loose Connective Tissue Peritoneum (bone) ```
77
nose functions
``` outside = warm and moisten air inside = organ of smell, upper portion of airway ```
78
external nose
2 nasal bones & 2 hyline cartilages
79
septal cartilage
interior septum of nose, units with bony septum | - 2 lateral plates: attach to nasal bones
80
alar cartilage
tip of nose, distal to lateral nose cartilage
81
internal nose
sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, palantine bones
82
septum of nose
vomer, vertical plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage and alar cartilage
83
cribiform plate
roof of nose (along with sphenoid), ethmoid
84
floor of nose
palantine bone and maxilla bone
85
conchae
lateral walls of nose, create meatuses - superior & middle conchae = ethmoid bone - inferior conchae = individual bone
86
spheno-ethmoidal recess
above superior conchae | - house olfactory mucosa
87
meatuses
inferior, middle and superior created by conchae drain into inferior meatus
88
nasolacrimal duct
drains into inferior meatus, duct of orbit
89
___ and ___ drains into inferior meatus drainage
meatuses, orbit (nasolacrimal duct)
90
___ and ___ drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess
air sinus, sphenoid sinus
91
___ drains into superior meatus drainage
posterior ethmoid sinus
92
___, ___ and ___ drains into superior meatus drainage
frontal sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus
93
external ear
lateral 1/3 = cartilage, medial 2/3 = bony | acoustic canal from auricle to tympanic membrane
94
acoustic canal
opening to external ear
95
ear drum
tympanic membrane, end of external ear
96
middle ear
chamber in temporal bone | - contains osssicles, entrance to auditory tube, connection to mastoid air cells and round & oval windows
97
ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes (proximal to distal) articulate with each other connect tympanic membrane to oval window transmits sound waves to inner ear
98
internal ear
bony and membranous labyrinths, cochlea, vestibular apparatus
99
bony labyrinth
internal ear | filled with perilymph
100
membranous labyrinth
internal ear | filled with endolymph
101
cochlea
sense organ of hearing | innerv by CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
102
vestibular apparatus
balance organ | innerv by CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

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