FINAL EXAM comprehensive Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
What does human geography cover?
A
Cultural, economic, urban, political
2
Q
What does physical geography cover?
A
Climate, geomorphology, vegetation, soils
3
Q
Who started population geography (demography)
A
Thomas malthus
4
Q
from 450 to 1850 ad, who was the most populous country?
A
China
5
Q
after 1850, who kicked the fuck out of china in the population Olympics
A
India
6
Q
Who made the world’s greatest comeback after being kicked out the population olympics
A
China
7
Q
Who is daddy demography
A
Thomas Malthus
8
Q
What was daddy demography’s greatest lesson
A
Humanity is DOOMED to FEAST and then FAMINE
9
Q
Who was influenced by thomas malthus
A
Darwin and MArx
10
Q
What was Malthus’s feast/famine dynamic
A
Population grows at a geometric rate (1,2,4,8,16,), but human can only produce food at an arithmetic rate (meaning 123456)
11
Q
Malthus was wrong, with the exception of one event. What was it?
A
The potato famine in 1799.
12
Q
Who revived Malthus’s theory in the 1960s
A
Erlich, with his “Population Bomb,” which stated that the planet is becoming rapidly over-populated (No, paul)
13
Q
What is population density:
A
the number of people per unit area
14
Q
Population distribution
A
the actual spatial arrangement of humans
15
Q
WHAT is the CBR crude birth rate
A
number of births per 1,000 populations
16
Q
What is the Infant mortality rate:
A
The number of infants who perish during their first year of life per 1000 live births
17
Q
What is the total fertility rate
A
The number of children who would be born to a woman if ….
18
Q
is the upper mantle partially molten
A
yes
19
Q
who proposed the theory of continental drift
A
Alfred Wegener
20
Q
When was the theory of plate tectonics revived
A
1960s
21
Q
What is the theory of plate tectonics
A
The crust is composed of sections, and those plates float on top of the semi-fluid mantle
22
Q
what are the two kinds of plates, and which of the two are thinner and denser
A
Oceanic and Continental. Oceanic plates are thinner and denser.
23
Q
what is subduction?
A
an oceanic plate sliding under a continental plate. Ex: the san andreas fault.
24
Q
what is centrifugal tendency
A
the tendency for states to fragment into smaller units on the basis of religion/linguistic differences/etc.
25
What 3 things unify Anglo-America
1. The political/legal traditions that derive from England
2. The english language
3. The christian relgion
26
What 3 things unify Anglo-America
1. The political/legal traditions that derive from England
2. The english language
3. The christian religion
27
Canada is currently experiencing centrifugal tendency from Quebec. How is Quebec's culture distinct from the rest of Canada?
-They speak french
28
When (and what %) of Quebecois voted to secede from Canada.
November 1995, and 49%
29
Cities emerged along what due to the geographical obstacle presented by waterfalls/rapids and the economic functions which originated there
the Fall Line
30
Which US cities are on the fall line?
Richmond, Baltimore, Philly, and Washington DC
31
What was the largest city in the US in the 1800s.
Philly
32
What was the largest US city by 1850?
New york
33
Why was New Amsterdam (current NY) selected by the Dutch colonists?
Natural Resources
34
When was the Eerie Canal completed
1825?
35
What was the purpose of the Eerie Canal's Building?
TO create a continuous water connection from the Great Lakes to the NY Harbor
36
What % of the US population is urbanized
81
37
What was the main cause of Socioeconomic decline of the central city in the US?
White flight
38
Define Gentrification: Municipalities offer financial incentives to induce businesses and residents to return.
Municipalities offer financial incentives to induce businesses and residents to return. (LaCledes landing, old harbor baltimore, MAPS OKC)
39
What is the main marker of Physical Geography in South America?
Diversity and Extremes. Large stretch of rainforests that recieve 80'' per year, which is drained by the Amazon river.
40
What is the river with the highest volume?
the amazon
41
What % of freshwater flows out of the amazon.
20%
42
What Island is at the mouth of the Amazon that is also the size of switzerland?
Isla De Marajo
43
What medicine is made from tropical yams that are grown in south america?
Cortisone
44
What medicine is made from Rosy Periwinkle that is grown in South America?
Vincristine?
45
What desert is the world's driest place
The Atacama Desert
46
What allows the Atacama desert to exist?
The humboldt current (?)
47
What are the highlands primarily used for
Grazing Llamas, Alpacas, Guinea, general animals used for ag
48
what crops are able to grow in the Tierra Fria
Potatoes/Quinoa, the same animles
49
What crops grow in the Tierra Templada (lower temperate zone)
Corn, COFFEE,
50
Lowest zone (tierra caliente)
sugar cane, tropical fruits (banana) tubers, etc.
51
What is the main religion in South America
Roman-Catholic
52
What is the Main Language in South America
Spanish
53
What is Marianism
frequent appearances of the virgin mary
54
what are the language exceptions in south america
Brazil= spanish
Guyana- english.
french guyana- french
suriname- dutch
55
What consitutes voodoo?
Roman catholocism/traditional african relgion
56
What constitutes santeria?
Catholicism/west african traditional beliefs
57
In santeria, what are the saints called
Orishas
58
What is candomble
yoruba beliefs with christian/indigenous elements.
59
What constitutes macumba-
relies on hexes/curses to influence rivals
60
Why was Africa called the "dark continent"
Africa and its peoples were without a "history'. European scholars didn't realize that african history was recorded and maintained mostly through oral tradition
61
Who made popular the concept of "darkness" in africa
Henry M. Stanley "across the dark continent" (doctor livingstone, i presume?) and Joseph Conrad "the heart of darkness"
62
is Africa overpopulated?
no
63
What continent's population is growing faster than any other continent, and has the youngest population of any world relam
africa
64
In latin america, what religion is on the rise?
protestantism
65
Protestantism was outlawed during the colonial period and only represented a tiny fraction of south americas religious population. In the 20th century, how much did it increase?
62X
66
How did religious diffusion happen in america
Missionaries pointed out some similarities between traditional creationism beliefs:
1) the record of a great flood
2) the geographic dispersal of humanity and the development of separate languages.
67
what is the biggest language family in africa
bantu
68
Where are the nilotic languages spoken
south sudan, ethiopia, kenya, and uganda
69
where are the khosian languages spoken
south africa , nambia by (bushmen) khosa and some other groups
70
Where are the semetic languages spoken
Arabic and berber are spoken widely in north africa.
71
Originating in Africa, what is ebony used for?
Concert music (woodwinds)
72
Originating in Africa, what is the Kola nut used for
Coca cola
73
What disease originated in East Africa
HIV/AIDS
74
What african nation was made from freed african american slaves
Liberia
75
When did ebola first originate
1976 in 2 separate outbreaks that struck south sudan and the democ rep of the congo
76
Ebola is ONLY transmitted through bodily fluids (sex, saliva, sweat)
bodily fluids (sex, saliva, sweat)
77
Can ebola remain active after death?
yes, for several days
78
what is the likely reservoir species of ebola
Fruit bats
79
When was an effective vaccine of ebola developed
2019 (program on hold due to covid )
80
Who was the first US case of Ebola
Eric Duncan, an NYC doctor who was hospitalized with it but recoverd.
81
How many time zones does russia contain?
11
82
Where did Valdimir Lenin's pseudonym come from?
River Lena
83
Where was Stalin from
Georgia, his name was Koba
84
What country has the biggest coastline?
Russia
85
What is a big block for economic development in Serbia?
Permafrost
86
What problems does the permafrost cause for Serbia?
It hasn't thawed since the last ice age; you also can't build buildings, waterlines, etc.
87
Why is Russia so frozen/cold?
The high mountains in the south block any warm tropical air that could come up. Also, lowlands in the north allow cold air to penetrate at virtually any time of the year.
88
What natural resources are a result of Russia's immense size?
gold, diamonds, gas, oil, strategic metals, and rare earths?
89
What people tied boards to newborns' heads to flatten their skulls, affecting the hypothalamus and generating the aggression that many of their elite soldiers used in battle
Huns
90
What does the USSR stand for
Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics
91
How many republics were in the USSR
15, based upon nationality/ ethnic group
92
How many ethnic groups did the ussr contian
110-115
93
What did FDR- Bush make the mistake of calling the USSR
"The Russians." Russians were the dominant nationality, but not the ONLY nationality
94
In 1930, the leader wanted to create the new soviet man. What were his qualities?
Russian speaking and atheistic
95
In 1960, what was the world's largest lake in area
The Aral Sea.
96
What are the metrics of the aral sea now?
The volume has declined by 80%, the area has shrunk by 90%, and the coverage level dropped by 50 feet.
97
What caused the aral sea to dry up?
cotton
98
What were the aral sea's feeder rivers?
Syr Darya and Amu Darya
99
What was the environmental impact of the aral sea?
Winds blowing across exposed seabed pick up and transport salt (probably leading to salinization so vegetation can't grow), 80% of wildlife in the area are GONE, and all of the fish are also gone
100
What was the health impact of the aral sea?
in 1987, 40% of the population in western Uzbekistan had hepatitis, and for childen under 12, it was 60%. only 1/3 of houses have indoor plumbing in karakalpakistan, and only 10% of the population has tap water.
101
What was the consequence of the lack of well water caused by the aral sea distaster?
irrigation water contained pesticides, fertilizer, etc.
102
What was the economic impact of the aral sea disaster?
in 1960, the aral sea produced 10% of the USSR sturgeon, and today, there are none to be found.
103
what was the main religion and language in estonia?
Protestant, spoke Uralic-Altic language
104
What was the religion/ language in Latvia
Protestant; spoke indo-european
105
Religion/language in Lithuania
catholic; spoke indo-european
106
What nation had the weakest connection to the soviet union
Lithuania
107
What was the last nation to be absorbed into the USSR?
Lithuania
108
When did the collapse of the USSR begin?
1986
109
What was the dominant language/religion in russia (who were first in population)
Orthodox; slavic
110
What was the dominant language/religion in Ukraine and Belarus
Orthodox; slavic
111
What was the dominant religion in Georgia and Armenia
Christian; indo-european
112
What was the What was the dominant language/religion in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan
Sunni; Turkic language
113
What was the dominant language/religion in Tajikistan
Sunni; Indo-european
114
Where is farsi spoken?
Iran
115
What was the dominant language/religion in Afghanistan
Sunni; Dari
116
What latin word was "Europe" derived from that meant "sunset"
Ereb
117
Where did the Asian Languages come from
Phonecia
118
What culturally distinguishes Europe from Asia?
-Christianity (although the level of devotion is declining except in Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia, and Bulgaria)
-Indo-European language (except Basque, Uralic-Altic language).
119
Why doesn't Spain recognize Kosovo
-Bc they speak Catalan. Franco banned it in public.
- Also, if Kosovo gets independence, Barcelona will want independence too and they don't want to deal with that.
120
What are the romance languages?
French, Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, Walloon (belgium) and others.
121
What country has a committee to "Purify" their language
France
122
What are Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Serbian, and Bulgarian languages called
Slavic
123
What are German, Dutch, Swedish, and English called?
Germanic
124
What are Irish/Scottish, welsh languages called
Celtic
125
What is the general religion of germanic speakers
Protestant
126
What is the general religion of the romance languages
Roman-Catholic
127
What are the 2 contradictory trends in Europe in the 90s:
devolution (Yugoslavia and czechoslovakia), and supernationalism (EU)
128
What was the most violent episode of devolution in Europe
The collapse of Yugoslavia
129
What term arose from the collapse of Yugoslavia
Ethnic Cleansing
130
What were the 6 republics of Yugoslavia
Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina
131
Why and when was yugoslavia created
It was created in 1918 at the end of WWI, with the purpose of granting the "south slavs" a nation where they would have self-determination
132
What weapons of mass destruction came out of WWI
Poson gas, machine guns
133
What marked the start of WWI
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by serbs in a group called the Black Hand
134
What president created Yugoslavia
Woodrow Wilson
135
Why did wilson create Yugoslavia
To make a map to prevent another world war
136
What was the main flaw in the creation of yugoslavia
The south serbs hated each other
137
What republic was the first to secede from Yugoslavia
Slovenia
138
What country, who wanted to secede peacefully like slovenia, were prevented from doing so creating a civil war w/ the serbs
Croatia
139
What city did Clinton send the presidents of Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia to talk things out
Dayten, Ohio
140
How many causalities in the Bosnian War
40K casualties, and 100,000,000 in damages
141
Why did Serbs begin moving people into Kosovo?
To them, it was Hallowed ground. Similar to Israel with Palestine, it was their first nation./
142
What happened after the serbs bombed Kosovo?
The US meant to bomb a Serbian Powerplant, but accidentally bombed the Chinese Embassy.
143
What did the Yugo (serbian dominant) government do after moving into Kosovo?
they wanted to "cleanse" kosovo, so they kicked Albanians out.
144
What year did NATO bomb targets in Serbia, forcing them to withdraw
March 24, 1999.
145
When did Kosovo declare independence:
February 17, 2008 .
146
Romania is not in the romance language area bc
they were conquered by rome, who spoke latin
147
what countries did Benelux pair up with to form the European Economic Community (EEC)
France, Italy, and West Germany
148
When did the EEC change into the European Union
1994
149
Why didn't Margaret Thatcher want to use the Euro
sovereignty
150
What were some of the problems with the new European common currency
the name- the eurodollar sounded too american
-what would it look like?
151
Before becoming the Euro, what was the solution to the name problem of the common current
ECU- European Currency Unit
152
When was the euro adopted
Jan 2 1999
153
What country rejected entry into the currency union in 2003 (the eurozone) with the EU, though still remained a member
Sweden
154
What countries have not joined the EU
Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Faroe Islands
155
What is one tenet of the Schengen Agreement
Certain countries don't require a passport with each other.
156
What is the official language of the Chinese?
Mandarin
157
What is the most spoken language in the world
Mandarin
158
T or F: China is a pictographic language
T
159
what are the two systems of chinese language
Wade Giles (Peking), and the Pin-Yin (Beijing)
160
What are some things that Chinese culture has contributed to the world?
Silk, Paper, Gunpowder, Printing, Compass, and the Wheelbarrow
161
What is the FIRST chinese dynasty that had concrete archaeological evidence
Shang Dynasty (1766 BC)
162
Where was the Shang Dynasty located
Along the banks of the Hwang He river.
163
What ruler united most of northern china during the Qin Dynasty
Shin Huang Ti
164
Where did the name China come from
Qin
165
What dynasty built the great wall
Qin Dynasty
166
What dynasty made the Grand canal
Sui
167
How long was the grand canal by 1327
1100 miles long
168
What emperor made the terra cotta army
Qin
169
what emperor was the "son of heaven"
King Wu of Zhou
170
When did Europeans start showing up in China?
1500s
171
When did British ships dock at canton seeking trade ties
1635
172
What did brits trade opium with china for
silver
173
What caused the opium was of 1839-42
China tells Britain to not ship opium. Britain said no and fought and won. China is forced to Britain Hong Kong, trade concessions.
174
What was the western-educated reformer who worked to undermine China's imperial government
Sun Yat Sen
175
There were 2 chinas. What was the name of the 2nd one?
Taiwan
176
What was the political part y that aimed at bringing democratic regime to china?
Guomindang
177
What unified the political/military factions in the late '30s to early 40s.
The threat from japan (rape of nanking)
178
Who declares China a communist state, and when ?
Mao Tse, 1949
179
After japan is defeated, china is again torn by Civil war. What two parties were involved and who were their leaders?
Mao Tse Tung led the communists. Chiang Kai-Sek led the Guomindang
180
What emperor led terrible/catostrophic social experiments
Mao Tse
181
What was the social experiment done by Mao Tse in 1958, and what was its consequence
The great leap forward; caused millions to starve
182
What social experiment was done in 1966, that nearly caused civil war by creating a "permanent class warfare".
Cultural Revolution/ Red Guard
183
When did the PRC china join the UN
'71
184
When does Mao Tse die?
'76
185
When/where was the first mention of Japan?
In ancient chinese chronicles.
186
What was the name that the Chinese gave to japan, and what was its meaning?
"Wa" meaning "Dwarfed"
187
When did the japanese change their own name, and what does it mean?
300 AD, "Nippan" meaning land of the rising sun.
188
How did the west come to know the land as Japan?
Since the Chinese pronunciation of "Nippan" is Japan, it was brought to the west by Marco Polo.
189
In Japanese mythology, how were the Islands unified?
660 BC
190
Who united the Japanese Islands?
Jimmu Tenno
191
who was Jimmu Tenno a descendent of
The Sun Goddess, Amaterasu.
192
Who was the last of Japan's "divine" emperors
Hirohito
193
What Emperor did Americans force to denounce divinity?
Naruhito
194
What Emperor did Americans force to denounce divinity?
Hirohito
195
Who is Japan's Emperor today?
Naruhito, as of 2019
196
Who were the original inhabitants of the Japanese islands
Ainu
197
What are some cultural elements that Japan coopted from china?
-A pictographic written language
-Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoist philosophy
-Silk and Tea
198
What are some cultural elements that Europe gave to Japan?
-Firearms from the Portuguese
199
Christians were persecuted in Japan, but a small community survived up to 1945. What event obliterated them?
The Bombing of Hiroshima
