Final Exam (Gen Chem 1)

Question 1

Intensive

Answer 1

independent of the amount of substance present (color, temp, density)

Question 2

Extensive

Answer 2

dependent of amount of substance present (weight, volume, mass, distances, energy, pressure)

Question 3

tera (T)

Answer 3

10^12

Question 4

giga (G)

Answer 4

10^9

Question 5

mega (M)

Answer 5

10^6

Question 6

kilo (k)

Answer 6

10^3

Question 7

deci (d)

Answer 7

10^-1

Question 8

centi (c)

Answer 8

10^-2

Question 9

milli (m)

Answer 9

10^-3

Question 10

micro (μ)

Answer 10

10^-6

Question 11

nano (n)

Answer 11

10^-9

Question 12

angstrom (Å)

Answer 12

10^-10

Question 13

pico (p)

Answer 13

10^-12

Question 14

femto (f)

Answer 14

10^-15

Question 15

1A

Answer 15

Alkali metals

Question 16

2A

Answer 16

Alkali earth metals

Question 17

6A

Answer 17

Chalcogens

Question 18

7A

Answer 18

Halogens

Question 19

8A

Answer 19

Noble gas

Question 20

Diatomic molecules

Answer 20

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

Question 21

Cations

Answer 21

Metals

Question 22

Anions

Answer 22

Nonmetals

Question 23

4 atom nomenclature

Answer 23

Prefix: per-
Ending: ate

Question 24

3 atom nomenclature

Answer 24

Ending: -ate

Question 25

2 atom nomenclature

Answer 25

Ending: -ite

Question 26

1 atom nomenclature

Answer 26

Prefix: hypo- Ending: -ite

Question 27

Acid nomenclature | H + __ide

Answer 27

Hydro__ic acid

Question 28

Acid nomenclature | H + ___ate

Answer 28

___ic acid

Question 29

Acid nomenclature | H + ___ite

Answer 29

___ous acid

Question 30

Strong electrolyte

Answer 30

100% ions

Question 31

Weak electrolyte

Answer 31

% varies

Question 32

Non electrolyte

Answer 32

0% ions

Question 33

Oxidation

Answer 33

Lose electrons (more +)

Question 34

Reduction

Answer 34

Gain electrons (less +)

Question 35

LEO says GER

Answer 35

L: lose E: electrons O: oxidation G: gain E: electrons R: reduction

Question 36

OIL RIG

Answer 36

O: oxidation I: is L: loss of electrons R: reduction I: is G: gain of electrons

Question 37

Dilution

Answer 37

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

Question 38

Energy is consumed when

Answer 38

Chemical bonds are broken

Question 39

Energy is released when

Answer 39

Chemical bonds are formed

Question 40

Endothermic

Answer 40

Absorbed by system | INdothermic

Question 41

Exothermic

Answer 41

Released by system

Question 42

Polychromatic light source

Answer 42

Continuous spectrum | Many wavelengths

Question 43

Monochromatic

Answer 43

One wavelength

Question 44

Determining Empirical Formulas

Answer 44

1. convert % composition of each element to mass of each element 2. Use molar mass to find moles of each element 3. calculate mole ratio for each element by dividing by smallest # from 2 4. If answers from 3 are not whole #s, multiply all values by a factor to create whole #s

Question 45

Ladder Diagram | Absorb E

Answer 45

move up ladder

Question 46

Ladder Diagram | Emit E

Answer 46

move down ladder

Question 47

Ground State

Answer 47

lowest energy orbit

Question 48

excited state

Answer 48

all higher energy orbits

Question 49

high wavelength

Answer 49

low frequency

Question 50

high energy

Answer 50

high frequency

Question 51

high wavelength

Answer 51

low energy

Question 52

Effective Nuclear Charge (Z eff) trend

Answer 52

Across (l-r): ⬆️ | Down: ⬆️ slightly

Question 53

Atomic/Ionic size trend

Answer 53

Across (l-r): ⬇️ | Down: ⬆️

Question 54

ionization energy trend

Answer 54

Across (l-r): ⬆️ | Down: ⬇️

Question 55

electron affinity trend

Answer 55

Across (l-r): More negative | Down: less negative

Question 56

electronegativity trend

Answer 56

Across (l-r): ⬆️ | Down: ⬇️

Question 57

Non-polar covalent

Answer 57

Equal Sharing of electrons | (Ex) identical atoms

Question 58

Polar covalent

Answer 58

unequal sharing of electrons | (Ex) 2 diff. nonmetals/metalloids

Question 59

Ionic bonds

Answer 59

transfer of electrons from cations to anions | (Ex) metal/nonmetal