Final Exam Grammar

Question 1

to have done/ to have not done something (experience)

Answer 1

(v)은 적이 있/없어요

irregulars (drop ‘ㄹ‘, change ㅂ, change ‘ㄷ’ to ‘ㄹ’)

rules (not used with past/future, combined with ‘아/어 보다 ‘ for intended trials ㅡ (아/어) 본 적이 있어요) which stands for ‘try to..’

Question 2

Only/Just

Answer 2

(N)만

Rules (used after ‘에, 에서, 으로/로‘)

Question 3

About

Answer 3

(N)에 대해서 (V/A)
(N)에 대한 (N)

Rules (followed by 알다, 모르다, 이야기하다, 관심이 있다, etc and can be followed by nouns)

Ex. A book about KPop => 케이팝에 대한 책이에요

Question 4

You know/ You see

Answer 4

(V)/(A) 거든요

Conjugation (았/었 거든요, 을/ㄹ 거거든요)

Rules (used in casual speaking)

Question 5

Something that one knows/doesn’t know

Answer 5

(V)는지 알다
(A) 은지 알다
(N) 인지 알다

Conjugation (drop ‘ㄹ‘, drop ‘ㅎ’, 았/었는지 몰라요)

Question 6

To ask/give permission to do something

Answer 6

(V) 아/어도 되다

Conjugation (도 돼요, negative: 안 해도 돼요 or 지 않나도 돼요 => not necessary/ don’t need to)

Rules (similar to ‘을 수있다‘, but it’s more on permission)

Question 7

Someone may not do something

Answer 7

(V)/(A) (으)면 안 되다

Conjugation (change ‘ㄷ‘ to ’ㄹ‘, ’ㄹ‘ are vowels in this case)

Question 8

Think you might

Answer 8

(V) 을까 하다

Conjugation (‘ㄷ’ changes to ‘ㄹ‘, ’ㅂ‘ change to ‘ㅜ’, ‘ㄹ’ does not need ‘을‘)

Question 9

Indirect speech (건접화법) / what someone said or wrote

Answer 9

(A) 다고 했어요
(V) 은/는 다고 했어요
(N) (이) 라고 했어요

Conjugation (will: ㄹ거예요=> ㄹ거라고 했어요)

Rules: (제/나는/저는 => 자기(는)

Question 10

It is true…but…

Answer 10

(V)/(A) 기는 하지만

Rules (similar to 지만 but this emphasizes contrast before)

Question 11

In comparison to

Answer 11

(N)에 비해서

Rules (second object is described by verb/ending, but don’t need it if in question)

Question 12

Strongly emphasize a situation/really

Answer 12

알마나 (adverb+verb)/(adj) 은/는지 몰라요
(V) 는지
(A) ㄴ/은지
(N) 인지

Conjugation (았/었 는지)

Rules (verbs must have adverb, only used in declarative sentences)

Question 13

As much as/ equal to

Answer 13

(N)만큼

Conjugation (if used with nouns that are unclear: 만, (name)만큼 => there is no one who…as much as…)

Ex. There is no person who buys books as much as Bryan => 브라언 씨만큼 책을 많이 사는 사람은 없어요

Question 14

Colloquial form of 아/어서 / because of/ and then

Answer 14

(V) 아/어 가지고

Rules (don’t use with proposition(let’s) or imperative(do) when using meaning ‘because of’)

Question 15

Suggestion/ how about?

Answer 15

(V)는 게 어때요?

Conjugation (drop ‘ㄹ’)

Question 16

Intimate style speech (friends and younger people)

Answer 16

Drop ‘요‘
(N) (이)야 or 아니야 (negative)

Conjugation (future: 을 거야, do not: 지 마, 세요=> 아/어

Question 17

Intimate style/plain style speech Particles

Answer 17

name + 아/야
Yes(어/응) No(아니)
제(내), 저(나), 저희(우리)
Remove 씨 and if 가 follows, then (이) to name if it ends in consonant

Question 18

Event changed (it/I ended up)

Answer 18

(V)게 되다

Conjugation ( 게 됐어요/될 거예요/돼요)

Rules (subject changes/you don’t want to but ended up doing it, future tense: situation will eventually occur whether u want it to or not, present: subject trying to be humble)

Question 19

Plain Style Speech: writing articles, diaries, reports (formal non-polite/younger)

Answer 19

(V) ㄴ/는다 (ㄹ disappears)
(A) 다
(N) 이 다
니?
고 싶다
ㄹ거예요=> ㄹ거다

‘세요’/‘십시오’=> 어/아/해 라
‘ㅂ/읍시다/ 을래요’ => 자

Question 20

Plain Style Speech Negative

Answer 20

(V)지 않는다
(A)지 않다

‘어/아/해 라‘ => 지 마라
’자‘ => 지 말자

Question 21

Any

Answer 21

아무 (N)이나/나

Conjugation (아무거나 = anything, 아무데나 = anywhere, 아무때나 = whenever, 아무나 = anyone)

Negative (no/none): 아무(N)도, used when 안 after