Final Exam Guide Flashcards
(80 cards)
General Anxiety Disorder*
A. Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for AT LEAST 6 months, about a number of events or activities
B. Difficult to control the worry
C. Anxiety and worry are associated with 3+ of following symptoms with at least some having been present for more days and not for past 6 mos:
- Restlessness or feeling keyed up
- Being easily fatigued
- Difficulty concentrating/mind going blank
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance
D. Symptoms cause clinically significant distress
E. Not attributable to substances or other med issue
F. Disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder
What is the duration requirement for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)?
3 days-1 month
What is the duration requirement for General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
6 months or more
What is the duration requirement for PTSD?
Duration must last more than 1 month after the traumatic event
PTSD*
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
- Directly experiencing traumatic event(s)
- Witnessing the events in person as they occurred to others
- Learning that the event(s) occurred to close family/friend
- Experiencing repeated/extreme exposure to aversive details of traumatic event(s) (i.e., seeing dead bodies)
B. Presence of 1+ of the following intrusion symptoms associated with event after it occurred:
- Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive distressing memories
- Recurrent distressing dreams related to event
- Dissociative reactions (ie, flashbacks) in which individual feels like they’re reliving the event
- Intense/prolonged psychological distress
- Marked physiological reactions to internal/external cues related to event
C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli related to event, 1+ of:
- Avoidance or effort to avoid memories, thoughts, feelings about event
- Avoidance of external reminders (people, places, objects, etc.) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, feelings about event
D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with traumatic event. 2+ of:
- Inability to remember important aspects of event
- Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself or others
- Persistent, distorted cognitions about cause or consequences of events, lead to blame himself/herself or others
- Persistent negative emotional state
- Diminished interest or participation in significant activities
- Feelings of detachment/estrangement from others
- Inability to experience positive emotions
E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event(s), 2+:
- Irritable behavior and angry outbursts
- Reckless or self-destructive behavior
- Hypervigilance
- Exaggerated startle response
- Problems with concentration
- Sleep disturbance
F. Duration of disturbance more than 1 month
G. Clinically significant distress
H. Not attributable to substance use effects/med condition
Schizophrenia*
A. 2+ of following, each present for significant portion of 1 month period. At least one must be 1, 2, or 3
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression or avolition)
B. Major disturbance in level of functioning, such as work, interpersonal relations, etc.
C. Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 mos. The 6 month period MUST INCLUDE at least 1 mo. of symptoms meeting Criterion A.
D. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive disorder ruled out. 1) No MDD, 2) if mood episodes have occurred during active phase symptoms, they’ve been present for minority of total duration of active and residual periods of illness
E. Disturbance not attributable to substance/other med condition
F. If history of autism disorder or comm disorder in childhood, schizophrenia diagnosis made only if prominent hallucinations or delusions +1 other symptom for 1+month.
What is the duration requirement for Schizophrenia?*
2+ Criterion A symptoms present for significant portion of 1 month period
Continuous signs of disturbance must also be present for at least 6 months
Schizophrenia specifiers are only to be used after a _____ duration of the disorder
1 year
What are the specifiers of Schizophrenia?
First episode, currently in acute episode: First manifestation of disorder meeting the defined diagnostic symptom and time criteria. An acute episode is a time period in which the symptom criteria are fulfilled.
First episode, currently in partial remission
First episode, currently in full remission
Multiple episodes, currently in acute episode: Multiple episodes may be determined after a minimum of two episodes
Multiple episodes, currently in partial remission
Multiple episodes, currently in full remission
Continuous: Symptoms fulfilling the diagnostic symptom criteria of the disorder are remaining for the majority of the illness course, with subthreshold symptom periods being very brief relative to overall course
With catatonia
What are the 13 symptoms of a panic attack?*
Heart palpitations
Sweating
Trembling/shaking
Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
Feelings of choking
Chest pain or discomfort
Nausea/abdominal distress
Dizzy, unsteady, light-headed
Chills or heat sensations
Paresthesia - pins and needles
Derealization
Fear of losing control or going crazy
Fear of dying
Brief Psychotic Disorder
A. 1+ of the following (at least one must be 1, 2, or 3):
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
B. Duration of an episode is at least 1 day but less than 1 month with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning
C. Disturbance not better explained by MDD or BPD with psychotic features or other psychotic disorder, med condition, substance use
What are the specifiers for Brief Psychotic Disorder?
With marked stressor(s): Symptoms in response to events
Without marked stressor(s)
With peripartum onset: during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum
With catatonia
Major Depressive Disorder*
A. 5+ of following symptoms during same 2-week period, change from previous functioning; at least one is either 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure.
- Depressed mood most of day, nearly every day
- Diminished interest in pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
- Significant weight loss (more than 5% in a month)
- Insomnia/hypersomnia
- Psychomotor agitation
- Fatigue/loss of energy nearly daily
- Feeling worthless or excessive guilt
- Diminished concentration, indecisiveness
- Recurrent thoughts of death, or suicidal ideation:
1) suicidal ideation without plan
2) suicidal ideation with a plan
3) with suicide attempt
B. Clinically significant distress
C. Not caused by a substance or other med condition
D. Not better explained by a psychotic disorder
E. There has never been a manic or hypomanic episode
What is the duration requirement for MDD?
2 weeks
Reactive Attachment Disorder
A. A consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregiver, both of the following:
- Child rarely seeks comfort when distressed
- Child rarely responds to comfort when distressed
B. Persistent social and emotional disturbance, two of the following:
- Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others
- Limited positive affect
- Episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness that are evident even during nonthreatening interactions with adult caregivers
C. Child has experienced patterns of extremes of insufficient care, at least one of:
- Social neglect or deprivation by caregivers (lack of basic emotional needs met)
- Repeated changes of primary caregivers, lack of stable attachments
- Rearing in unusual settings, limiting opportunities to form attachments
D. Criterion C is responsible for Criterion A
E. Criteria not met for autism
F. Disturbance evident before age of 5
G. Child developmentally 9 mos. or more
What are the age requirements for Reactive Attachment Disorder?
Child must be at least 9 mos. old (developmentally) AND shows signs of disturbance before age 5.
Specifiers for Reactive Attachment Disorder
Persistent: Disorder has been present for more than 12 mos.
Severe: Child exhibits all symptoms of the disorder with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)*
(A) Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by all of the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive; see text):
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging, for example, from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.
- Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging, for example, from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication.
- Deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships, ranging, for example, from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts; to difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; to absence of interest in peers.
B.
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive; see text).
- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g., simple motor stereotypies, lining up toys or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases).
- Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior (e.g., extreme distress at small changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, greeting rituals, need to take same route or eat same food every day).
- Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (e.g., strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or perseverative interests).
- Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment (e.g., apparent indifference to pain/temperature, adverse response to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, visual fascination with lights or movement).
C. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities, or may be masked by learned strategies in later life).
D. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
E. These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay. Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occur; to make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level.
What are the key features of Social Anxiety?
A. Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
B. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that be negatively evaluated
C. The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety
Key Features of Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Conditions involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors.
These specifically violate the rights of others.
They are in conflict with societal norms or authority figures
Can be comorbid with ADHD
What are the key features of Conduct Disorder?
A repetitive and persistent behavior pattern of violating social rules/norms and/or the basic rights of others.
Serious rule violations (such as physically abusing people or animals, truancy, and theft)
Lack of remorse/empathy
What are the key features of Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
Failure to control aggressive impulses
Verbal aggression, tantrums, tirades, aggressive behavior grossly out of proportion to the situation and not premeditated
What are the key features of ADHD?
A difficulty filtering and sustaining information, not a shortage of attention
Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity
Lacking in follow through, avoiding sustained tasks
What are the key features of Delusional Disorder?
The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer.
Functioning is not markedly impaired and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd.
