Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR150 > FINAL EXAM HINTS > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM HINTS Flashcards

1
Q

What should a stoma look like?

A

shiny, moist, beefy red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the rules regarding restraints?

A
  1. must be last resort, least restrictive means must be used first
  2. indicated if the client is not cooperating with treatment, or if they are a threat to themselves or others
  3. you must have a written prescription for the restraint within 1 hour and a provider assess within 1 hr
  4. leave enough space for 2 fingers
  5. always to bed frame, never side rails
  6. assess the client every 15-30 minutes for physical needs, safety, and comfort
  7. release restraints every 2 hours
  8. prescription must be renewed every 24 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does antisocial personality disorder present?

A
  • disregard for others (exploitation)
  • lack of empathy
  • unlawful actions
  • failure to accept personal responsibility
  • sense of entitlement
  • impulsive
  • seductive, verbally charming/engaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does borderline personality disorder present?

A
  • instability of affect, identity, realtionships
  • splitting
  • manipulation
  • impulsiveness
  • fear of abandonment
  • self injurious
  • suicidal
  • ideas of reference
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does borderline personality disorder present?

A
  • instability of affect, identity, relationships
  • splitting (all good or all bad)
  • manipulation
  • impulsiveness
  • fear of abandonment
  • self injurious
  • suicidal
  • ideas of reference

*safety is priority, but also limit setting and consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does histrionic personality disorder present?

A
  • attention seeking behavior (center of attention)
  • seductive and flirtatious

**may benefit from assertiveness training or role modeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does narcissistic personality disorder present?

A
  • arrogance
  • grandiose views of self-importance
  • the need for consistent admiration
  • lack of empathy for others (trouble with relationships)
  • sensitive to criticism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the early/mild/first s/sx of AD?

A
  • forgetfulness
  • losing common objects
  • recent memory changes often
  • sometimes overwhelmed due to declining cognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the middle/moderate/second s/sx of AD?

A
  • difficulty managing ADLs
  • personality changes
  • bowel/bladder changes
  • some assistance needed
  • remote memory details become scattered
  • wandering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the late/advanced/severe/third/end-stage s/sx of AD?

A
  • remote and recent memory are significantly impaired
  • may not remember others
  • requires continued care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes Parkinson’s disease?

A

too little dopamine to support the CNS and limbic system and too much acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the risk factors for Parkinson’s? (4)

A
  • age- 40-70
  • gender- male
  • genetics
  • meds- antipsychotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the s/sx for Parkinson’s? (6)

A
  • tremors (pill-rolling)
  • stooped posture
  • slow, shuffling gait
  • bradykinesia (slow mvmt)
  • flat affect
  • muscle rigidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the medications we can give the patient with Parkinson’s?

A

Dopaminergics: levodopa/carbidopa *no extra protein, take with food, check vs frequently

Dopamine Agonists: bromocriptine *monitor for orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, dyskinesias

Anticholinergic:
benztropine *drying effects, do not use with open angle glaucoma

MAOI:
selegiline *contraindicated for use with levadopa/carbidopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes Multiple Sclerosis?

A

it is autoimmune and the myelin sheath is destroyed which interrupts the flow of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors for MS?

A
  • genetics
  • gender- female
  • age- 20-40
  • after pregnancy
17
Q

What are the s/sx of MS?

A
  • trips/falls
  • paresthesia
  • fatigue
  • muscle spasticity
  • muscle weakness
  • eye and ear changes
18
Q

What are the medications we would use to treat MS?

A

Immunomodulators (-rab, -mab)

Antispasmodics (baclofen, dantrolene)

Immunosuppressants (Azathiprine, cyclosporine)

19
Q

What is the nursing care for the client with MS?

A
  • high protein diet
  • avoid temperature extremes
  • safety
20
Q

What is personality disorganzation?

A

In the 4th phase of crisis the person may experience personality disorganization which can manifest as violence, aggression, or total withdrawal

21
Q

What are some of the Benzodiazepines? Indications?

A

Prototype: alprazolam
Others: diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam, chlordiazepoxide

Indications: GAD, ASD, PTSD, panic disorder, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia

22
Q

What are some considerations when administering Benzos?

A
  • we have to be careful of CNS depression*
  • no alcohol
  • no driving

ANTIDOTE: flumazenil

Other considerations: avoid grapefruit juice and taking with fatty foods. Contraindicated in clients with sleep apnea or glaucoma.

23
Q

What is an example of an atypical anxiolytic? Indications?

A

Buspirone (buspar)

Indications: GAD, PTSD, OCD, panic disorder, smoking cessation

**2-4 weeks before you will see effects

24
Q

What are some considerations when administering buspirone?

A

-take with food (nausea)
-avoid driving (lightheaded)
-increase fiber and fluid (constipation)
-safety (suicidal ideation)
:) no sexual dysfunction :)

  • **AVOID use with MAOIs (HTN crisis) (wait 14 days)
  • **AVOID grapefruit juice, St John’s Wort, erythromycin, ketoconazole
25
Q

What are some examples of SSRIs? Indications?

A

Prototype: paroxetine
Others: fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram

Indications: GAD, PTSD, panic disorder, OCD, depression

**4 weeks for full effects to be seen

26
Q

What are some considerations when administering SSRIs?

A
  • insomnia (take in morning)
  • sexual dysfunction
  • weight loss early on, then weight gain

**SEROTONIN SYNDROME: avoid taking with St John’s wort, MAOI, or TCAs

**monitor for bleeding

27
Q

What are some examples of SNRIs? Indications?

A

Prototype: venlafaxine (effexor)
Others: duloxetine, desvenlafaxine

Indications: depression, GAD, panic disorder, pain

28
Q

What are some considerations when administering SNRIs?

A
  • weight loss
  • insomnia (take in the morning)
  • HTN
  • dizzy/blurred vision (avoid driving)
  • sexual dusfunction
  • *SEROTONIN SYNDROME: avoid taking with SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs
  • *monitor for bleeding
29
Q

What are some examples of tricyclic antidepressants? Indications?

A

Prototype: amitriptyline
Others: nortriptyline, imipramine, trimipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, amoxapine, doxepin

Indications: *depression, depressive episodes of bipolar, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, insomnia

*10-14 days to begin to work

30
Q

What are some considerations when administering TCAs?

A
  • orthostatic hypotension (change positions slowly)
  • anticholinergic effects (drying)
  • sedation (avoid driving, take at bedtime
  • excessive sweating

**contraindicated for: seizure disorders, heart problems, angle-closure glaucoma, BPH, hyperthyroidism

**avoid concurrent use with MAOIs, St Johns Wort, antihistamines, alcohol, benzos, opioids

31
Q

What are some examples if Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors? Indications?

A

Prototype: phenelzine
Others: selegiline, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine

Indications: *depression, panic disorder, GAD, OCD, PTSD

**2-4 weeks for effects

32
Q

What are some considerations when administering MAOIs?

A
  • CNS stimulation (anxiety, mania, agitation)
  • orthostatic hypotension (change positions slowly)
  • HTN crisis!!! (avoid tyramine rich foods!)

**tyramine rich foods: aged-cheese, pepperoni, salami, avocados, figs, bananas, smoked fish, soups, soy sauce, beer, red wine

33
Q

What is the prototype mood stabilizer? Indications?

A

Prototype: Lithium

Indications: bipolar (especially during acute mania)

34
Q

What are some considerations when administering lithium?

A
  • GI upset (take with food)
  • tremors (propranolol may help)
  • polyuria
  • weight gain
  • *therapeutic levels 0.6-1.2
  • *contraindicated with diuretics (if hyponatremia occurs it decreases lithium excretion leading to toxicity), NSAIDS (increase renal absorption), and anticholinergics
35
Q

What are some mood stabilizing anticonvulsants? Indications?

A

carbamazepine, lamotrigine, valproate (valproic acid)

Indications: bipolar (prevention of mania and depressive episodes)

36
Q

What are the two prototype 1st generation antipsychotics? Inidcations?

A

High potency prototype: Haloperidol
Low potency prototype: chlorpromazine

Indications: to decrease positive symptoms of schizophrenia (not negative)

37
Q

What are some considerations when administering 1st gen antipsychotics?

A

Life threatening:

  • agranulocytosis (monitor for fever or sore throat and obtain WBC)
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome (treat with DANTROLENE)
  • dysrhythmias (ECG monitoring)

Extrapyramidal side effects:

  • dystonia (spasms of tongue, face, neck: treat with benztropine or benadryl)
  • pseudoparkinsonism (shuffling gait, drool, tremors: treat with benztropine or benadryl)
  • akathisia (unable to sit still/pacing: beta blocker, or benzo may help)
  • tardive dyskinesia (lip-smacking, involuntary mvmt head/face)
Others:
Anticholinergic effects
Sexual dysfunction
Sedation
Orthostatic hypotension
38
Q

What are the two prototypes for 2nd generation antipsychotics? indications?

A

risperidone and olanzapine

indicated for: schizophrenia positive AND negative symptoms

39
Q

What are some considerations when administering 2nd gen antipsychotics?

A

fewer or no EPS, no NMS, less agranulocytosis, fewer anticholinergic effects

***Can cause a seriously big weight gain and increase in cholesterol so be careful with diabetic patients and obese patients

NUR150 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions