Final Exam History Flashcards

Final Exam for History II (172 cards)

1
Q

Fifties Presidents

A
Harry Truman (1945-1952)
Dwight Eisenhower (1952-1960)
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2
Q

Harry Truman

A

President from 1945-1952
Good President, not great one
President after FDR died
President for 7(1/2) years
from state of Missouri
Democrat
“Haberdasher President”
called haberdasher if you owned a men’s clothing store
Went to law school and became a county judge
became u.s. senator
picked him to be Vice President by FDR in his last term
Lived in a very common house, and was a very common man
he would give good answers to news reporters on current affairs
had a sign on his desk that said “the buck stops here” to mean that he wont allow anything to pass him by, he will take the final decisions, and when he makes one decision he stick to it and wont think about it anymore.

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3
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

1952-1960
Successful President
Good president, not great
WWII hero from D-Day
father moved along with the RR and he moved througout all of the states, thus no state association
common home, nothing exceptional about him
he was a war hero, so both parties wanted him to run for both of them
finally decided to run for a republican
parties weren’t that far apart
frequently ill as president since he was very old and he had a very bad heart and had several heart attacks while in office
Doctors would ask him to relax
vicepresient ran the coountry most of time since Eisenhower was ill
Nixon was the vice president and was very good president after getting elected for president himself, since he knew very well what it asked for

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4
Q

Unchallenged leader politically and economically during the 50s

A

U.S.

Never before or since has America been so powerful to the rest of the world as we were at that time

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5
Q

Monopoly of Nuclear Weapons

A

Things that helped keep the U.S. at height of its power

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6
Q

Only major power that is not devastated by WWII

A

Things that helped keep the U.S. at height of its power

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7
Q

Locate the U.N. at New York City

A

Things that helped keep the U.S. at height of its power

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8
Q

Economic Powers

A

Steel, Coal, Concrete, Automobiles, Airplanes, Electricity, Leading creditor nation

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9
Q

Economic Boom

A

Housing boom
Auto boom
G.I. Bill
Housing Innovations

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10
Q

Housing Boom

A

led to economic boom
houses were in huge demand after the was since itwas forbidden for poeple to build homes during the war to conserve supply

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11
Q

Autoboom

A

autos were in huge demand since cars too were prohibited from being built during the war

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12
Q

G.I. Bill

A

Government guaranteed home loans to vets.
every veteran could get a guaranteed loan to start a business or a farm
gave every veteran money to go to college
smart to pay college since about 4-6 million went to college and they didnt get emidete benefits and gave more in income tax after they graduated as their jobs were a post inductiral job and earned more. also, it was to help rise the jobs to a post industrial society

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13
Q

Housing Innovations

A

Movbile home solution to build millions of homes
sububs became popular in america
style of home in the U.S. changed to the ranch style home

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14
Q

First Subub

A

levittown, new york and becomes the model for most of all the suburbs and was built outside New York City by developed Levit

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15
Q

Ranch Style home

A

no contact with neighbor

leads to a real change in lifestyle in the U.S.

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16
Q

The Baby Boom

A

1946-1960

led to booming economy

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17
Q

Low birthrates in the United States

A

Causes of baby boom
due to the depression of the 30’s because families didnt want to have children while in poverty and with war in the early 40’s

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18
Q

How did the baby boom help the economy?

A

helps to provide jobs for teachers, nurses, hospitals, and large consumer market

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19
Q

Effects of baby boom today

A

strain on the government welfare for the elderly as large number of people from the baby boom are now retiring.

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20
Q

TV

A

Invented in the 1930’s by a large team of British scientist
first public display in 1939 in the world fair, and amazed everyone, but WWII starts at the time and so the TV wasn’t useful for the war so the scientists were redirected to radar

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21
Q

TV first introduced in america

A

1946

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22
Q

By 1960, ______% of the U.S. had a TV. The ______ was really small at first and in _______ only, but in 1960 _____ was introduced as well.

A

90%
Screen
Black and White
Color

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23
Q

Signal for TV was _______

A

from a tower directed to your T.V.’s antenna, and the quality of the image was very bad. If you were in the city you would have rabbit ears in you TV. if you were out of town it would be a large antenna on the roof of the house

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24
Q

NBC
CBS
ABC

A

National Broadcasting Corporation
Columbia Broadcasting System
American Broadcasting Corporation
First three channels and TV corp. in the United States

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25
TV influence in the U.S.
Huge impact in american society | family situation comedy offered during the prime time in the united states
26
Prime Time for the T.V.
7 P.M.-10 P.M.
27
Leave it to Beaver
Family comedy show during prime time
28
Ozzy & Harriet
Family comedy show during prime time
29
Father Knows Best
Family comedy show during prime time
30
WASP values
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant values portrayed in the first TV shows to show supreme model for american families
31
Model Wife
housewife ready for kids takes care of the kids bakes
32
Model Husband
white collar father educated makes good money post industrial society goal
33
Model # of Children
only two children
34
FCC
Federal Communication Commission Strict rules and reviewed program to have them obeyed couldn't show people drinking alcohol late night show was shown drinking coffee, but it was really beer, but couldn't show beer no nudity nor sexual act shown on T.V. love scene prohibited showing both people together in the bed list of words that couldn't be said, such as damn and hell
35
Violation of the FCC
Jack Carr used word damn headlines in the newspaper FCC warned him to not use that word again or he would be fired and prohibited from coming out from TV but he still did it thus, he was fired and removed completely and taken off from the middle of the show and replaced
36
TV intelligence
Set below average to have everyone understand, while in the UK it was set above average
37
Fifties Famous Names
Jonas Salk | J.D. Salinger
38
Jonas Salk
Found Vaccination for polio and made him national hero
39
J.D. Salinger
The Catcher in the Rye | most loved book of the last decades
40
Jacky Robinson
First Black baseball player in the major leagues in 1947
41
Humphrey Bogart
Greatest Actor of the 1950s and was most famous for the movie Casablanca
42
Ed Sullivan
Ed Sullivan TV Show most popular T.V. Show on Sunday night and he would introduce new talents to the U.S. Population he introduced Elvis Presley, the Beatles,
43
Joseph MaCarthy
u.s. senator from Wisconsin and began a red scare in the United States, 1950-1954
44
Events that set Red Scare off
1949 Russia exploded an atomic bomb and McCarthy thinks that some spies must have passed the secret to the russians becuase only that would explain how the Russians found out how to build the Atom Bomb. China turns communist in 1949
45
Red Scare search for Communists--Where?
Unions State Department Hollywood; actors and directors placed suttle proganda to turn the u.s. communist
46
HUAC
House Unamerican Activities Community Get actors and communists and will grill them to tell who was communist Richard Nixon became famous out of this and also Ronald Reagan became famous out of this situation with HUAC
47
Screen Actors Guild
Union that represents actors and actresses in the United States, and was lead by Ronald Reagan
48
Alger Hiss
State Department advisor to FDR and was the lead advise, was a russian spy caught after he would steal the plans that the Government would make by typing them up in his personal typewritier and go out to the woods or to the park and he would hide it in the trash can, under the rock, or in the hollow hole in the bark of a tree, and he would pretend to be a bird watcher while doing this to use binoculars to search erea to make it clear, but after planting the secrets the next day a russian spy would go by and pick it up, but one day the FBI found one of the messages, so they traced the typewriters finger prints based on the keys and the unique typing form of the person to Alger Hiss and he was convicted
49
Julius & Ethel Rosenburg
Husband and wife and were Jewish--Americans that worked on the Manhattan project, but they were spies of russia they were tried and executed in the electric chair for their treason
50
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that called for segregation after the passage of the ammendment to the constituition garanteeing liberty to the slaves
51
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 Plessy is 1/8 blakc and was asked to go to the jim crow car of the train, but he refused because he was only 1/8 black and was more white than black, but he was arrested nonetheless. he then sues ferguson because he is 7/8 white and he is white and keeping races was illegal. result of court case was that 1/8 of minority you are the minority, seperate, but equal clause in american law
52
Partial Integration of Armed Forces
During WWII by order of FDR, they mostly worked in the engine rooms and in the kitchen
53
Full Integration of Armed Forces
1948, ordered by truman
54
McLaurin v. Oklahoma Regents of Higher Education
1950 Segregation in education McLaurin got a Bachelor's, and Masters in Ed., wanted a Doctorate of Ed., but was offered by U. of Oklahoma, but was an all white school. Under the Seperate but equal law they accepted him, but he was kept seperate while at school
55
Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
Linda Brown sued Topeka Board of Education in 1954 after linda was forced to go to a seperate school farther from her home. Thurgood Marshall sent to represent Linda Brown
56
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
57
all schools integrated
by order of President Eisenhower
58
Martin Luther King Jr.
Used method of Ghandi sit-in and boycotts, but all non-violent protests height at 1963 with "I have a dream" speech
59
Civil Right Act
1964 Passed by Johnson Ends Segregation in America
60
Civil Rights Movements turn Violent--why?
Leaders were assasinated John & Robert Kennedy assassinated MLKJR. assassinated Malcom X assassinated
61
Black Panthers
Dedicated to fight authority for civil rights
62
Riots
high in detroit, baltimore, DC, Watts saw the worse riotting
63
Affirmitive Action
Prefer blacks in positions so the blacks could catch up to the whites
64
Bakke v. Univerisyt of California Regents
1976 Bakke was white vietnam vet. from minnesota and was in minnestoa univeristy and went to standford university and applied for university of california medical school which only take 100 students who have a certain composite score of the GPA, MCAT, and Interview. Bakke didnt get accpeted first year, didnt get in second year, discrimination upon being white and hasn't ended up until this day
65
The Cold War
1946-1990
66
U.S. & Soviet Union (S.U.) totally different
Causes of the Cold War
67
U.S. democratic; S.U. 1 Party Dictatorship
Differences between the U.S. & Soviet Union
68
Capitalist U.S.; S.U. Communist
Differences between the U.S. & Soviet Union
69
Christian U.S.; Atheist S.U.
Differences between the U.S. & Soviet Union
70
Worlds two leading powers
Causes of the Cold War
71
U.S. delay in opening a 2nd front in Europe in WWII
Causes of the Cold War
72
Britain and U.S. refuse to share Atom bomb with S.U.
Causes of the Cold War
73
S.U. forced Nation of Eastern Europe to become communist
stopped at the elbe river, halfway through Germany. West for U.S. and British, East for S.U.; Government would be choosen by the people, but S.U. would choose communism for them.
74
Iron Curtain
Speech given by Churchill in 1946 in Fulton, Missouri | "Iron Curtain" has dropped from Baltic to Adriatic Sea. East of curtain is communism, west is democratic world
75
Containment Policy
Foreign Policy from 1946-1990 Created by George Kennan, when he compared communism to cancer. If cancer is contained it will be defreated, if not it will die. Communism was the same
76
U.S. Alliance system
surround communism with U.S. allies
77
Nato
North Atlantic Treaty Organization HQ Russels, Belgium U.S., Canada, Nations of W. Europe "An attack against one is an attack against all"
78
CENTO
Central Treaty Organization | U.S., Britain, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey
79
SEATO
``` South East Asia Treaty Organization ANZUS Astrailia New Zaeland U.S. ```
80
Individual Country Treaties
U.S. JAPAN US. CHINA/TAIWAN U.S. KOREA/S. KOREA
81
End of Cold War
Won by the U.S. when the S.U. collapsed from economic turmoil
82
Korean War
1950-1953 N. Korea invades S. Korea in 1950 and S. Korea and U.N. soldiers sent as far back as Pusan U.N. Coalition Gen. McArthur leads colaition army and lands at Inchon and the nU.N. ordered to conquer North Korea and they end up fighting mostly agisnt Chinese and stop fight in 1953 and ended where we started territorialy
83
Kim Il Sung
Dictator for N. Korea
84
Space Race
situation at end of WWII
85
World Leader of Rockets
Germnay
86
V-1
powerd by Jet Engine | aimed at London all along the norhtern coast of france
87
V-2
rocket engine looks like modern rocket
88
U.S. development of Rokets
U.S. asks soldiers to look for parts, plans, and scietists of rockets to build one for the U.S.
89
Werner Von Braun
ended in housten and invets most of U.S. rockets and chief rocket scientis for Nation Aurinatical Space Agency (NASA)
90
Sputnick I
launched by russia in 1957 rocket that launched sputnick was first Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Huge
91
Explorer I
Launched by U.S. in 1958 | Tiny
92
Latka
dog sent to space and brought back
93
Yuri GaGarin
First man to go to space and died in car wreck
94
Sam Chimp
first chimp to go to space by order of President to place a living organism in space
95
Race to go to the moon by 1969
Kennedy
96
Benefits of Moon Program
it would make the U.S. world leader in computer science World Leader in metalergy world leader in communication and spy sattelites generally improve the south Help develop ICBMs
97
Launching site for NASA
Cape Canaveral (later renamed Cape Kennedy i think)
98
Testing site for NASA
Huntsville, Albama
99
Mission Control
Houston Texas
100
Moon Program
1. Project Mercury 2. Project Gemini 3. Project Apollo
101
Project Mercury
Single seat capsule for sub-orbital and then orbital flights
102
Alan Shepard
Pilot from Navy, marines, airforce, and is first to be in space for the U.S.
103
John Glenn
Orbital Flight
104
Project Gemini
two seat capsule | practice "Docking"
105
Goal of Project Gemini
to test effect of long term space travel on human body | Practice "Docking" which means when the twos space crafts combine
106
Project Apollo
3 seat capsule saturn IV largest rocket
107
Neil Armstron
lead 3 man team to land on moon | "One small step for man one giant leap for mankind"
108
Space Shuttle
scietific looks into the reusable space rockets give way to space shuttle
109
Today space travel
private companies have to take over space travel
110
Kennedy Presidency
``` 1960-1963 famous kennedy clan lived in hyannis Port, Massachussets bachelor in history from harvard London school of Economics John went into Navy during WWII became caption of PT-109 and served in the Solomon island and was rescued and got navy cross ```
111
Wrote Profiles in Courage and won Pulitzer price for history
John Kennedy
112
congress man from massachusets then senator from massachussets, but wasnt very active and married jackyline during this time
John Kennedy
113
Ran for President in 1960
John Kennedy
114
1960 Campaign
John v. Nixon
115
John Kennedy campaign
Inexperiences Youth--Only 43 and is youngest president at time Catholic--Never chossen catholic president Accent--boston accent that U.S. people didnt like him Paired with Johnson as Johnson is from the south, christian, not accented, and is old to balance ticket, but the two men hated each other, but came to compromise
116
Nixon
New very well his stuff was very well prepared for presidency as he had been running the Office of President while Eisenhower was ill from his heart
117
T.V. debate
4 debates Nixon won them for those who heard radio Kennedy won for those who saw him on T.V. 34.1 million votes for Nixon, 34.2 million votes for Kennedy
118
"New Frontier" Program
Kennedy's Presidential Program Medicare, Medicaid, Space Program, Black Rights, Peace Corps, Interstate Highway System (National Defense Highway System) every town over 50k will be on it only McAllen and Brownsville not on it.
119
Bad Aspects of Kennedy
had lots of Girlfriends
120
Assassination of Kennedy
Nov. 22, 1963 Kennedy came to Texas to be seen with V.P. and Connoly Seceret Service against it because they didnt like the P. and V.P. together and knew Dallas was very conservitive and people hated the P. there, but he declined them because he said he was going there to fix that. and denied using the bubble over the limo because he wanted to stop and talk and shake peoples hands so he would be liked some more
121
___ Gun Shots
3
122
Bullets found
1 that killed both president and Governer 2nd not found 3 shot was shot to head that killed Kennedy
123
Died within ___ min.
15
124
Johnson Becoming President
V.P. called Robert to ask him how he would become president know and on his way to D.C. in the airport at dallass Johnson is sworn in as president
125
Oswald is assassinated
took Oswalk to city jail, but wasnt safe enought so he is being transported out to country jail and lots of cops and reporters gather around and jack ruby shoots oswald twice and kills oswald, ruby is sent to jain and ruby then dies in jail
126
Earl Warren Report
Given by chief justice Earl Warren after his investigation
127
Oswald
Assassin of Kennedy 24 year old ex marine and had rifle experts badge and could shoot 3 shots and hit accuretly. he was very unpopular in service, and loved studying russian. owald defected to russia and renounced U.S. and hoped for heor welcome out of russia since he defected the U.S., but russia didnt want him that much so they gave him a low simple life, thus he returned to u.s. after a yuear. upon return he worked at the book depository and went to Mexico City once aand was at the Russian and cuban Embassy. One army general had an attmepted assissantion by oswald but failed, but bullet matched to Oswald's gun
128
Lyndon Johnson
President 1964-1968 (Actually Elected)
129
President from Stonewall, Texas
Lyndon Johnson
130
Went to Southwest Texas State College at San Marcos
Lyndon Johnson
131
President that was a teacher in Houston
Lyndon Johnson | Taught speech and quit after a year of teacher
132
President that became an assistant to a congressman
Lyndon Johnson
133
Administrator of the NYA during the Great Depression
Lyndon Johnson
134
First Congressman to Resign and joing the Military
Lyndon Johnson He resigned from a being a US. congressman from Texas to join the military and become a naval officer in the pacific and won a medal for bravery and was elected to the seneate after war. He was a model politician and wasa able to pass many bill that he wanted.
135
Hed of the democratic party in the Senate
Lyndon Johnson
136
Great Society Program or "War on Poverty
``` Lyndon Johnson's Program Meidcare Meidcaid Civil Right act of 1964 headstart program HUD Immigration Refrom ```
137
Headstart Porgram
to give the children of poor families a head start by going to school earlier and having a head start in their education
138
Housing & Urban Development (HUD)
Make sure the housing was decent in the Urban communinities
139
Immigration Reform
Increase number of immigrants from black and Hispanic cultures and reduce whites from Europe
140
Warren Court
Backlash of Against Johnson Banned Prayer in U.S. public school banned display of ten commandment in public building banned religious display using tax money
141
Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda is illegal from Mexico and new almost nothing of U.S. lagal system. he got a job in Pheonix arizona at wearehouse and he loaded and unloaded truchs. He would then, on the day he got paid, would get druck and then abduct a women take her to the middle of the desert, raper and kill her. Only one women remained alive after the attack and was able to make it to the highway, and she identified him in a line up, since miranda was already on the list of possible suspects for a crime like that, the police made sure miranda was in the line up. However, they didnt read MIranda his rights, so he didnt know what his rights were, thus, the Warren court ordered him released and to be given an opology because he was held unlawfully because his rights were compromised. Now the MIranda rights have to be read to everyone when being arrested
142
Richard Nixon
1968-1974 Born in small farm in California member of quaker church attended whittier college in california for quakers Went to duke law school wanted to go into the FBI, but he needed a law degree or a Cerified Accountant degree started law practice in california and also served in pacific congressman from California was a prominent member of HUAC Eisenhower choose Nixon to be V.P. and beause of Eisenhower's health he ran the country most of the time. Ran for president in 1960, but lost. Ran and won in 1968
143
Henry Kissinger
Secretary of state during Richard Nixon German Excellent Secretary of state
144
Ended war in Vietnam
Nixon
145
SALT
strategic arms limitation treaty
146
Opening to China
nixon policy opened to china to have china not be an enemy to and break up the china russia bond
147
George Mcgovern
Opposed Nixon in 1972 election
148
CREEP
Committee to Re Elect the President
149
Watergate Scandal
broke into the headquarters of Democratic office to attempt to pin money from Russia or communist party for McGovern. Office is in Watergate region, thus its the Watergate Scandal. CREEP agents got room from Watergate Hotel and then James McCord and his Plumbers moved into the building, picked the lock for the entrance and for the door to the fire staircase, but so they wouldnt get stuck again they taped the doorhinge so the door would lock. However, janitor saw the tape and called cops and they were arrested. President told everyone in CREEP to stay quiet and maybe it would be okay. However, Deepthroat told the news agencies to proceed the investigation.
150
Deepthroat
man who told the news agencies to keep looking into the watergate scandal. he would meet them only in dark places and would change his voice and keep his face hidden, under the shadows
151
Senate Watergate Hearing
Wanted to impeach president on charges of obstruction of justice, president forced to hand over the secret tape recordings of his office to the senate hearing by order of supreme court and he then resigns to keep from being impeached
152
Gerald Ford
1974-1976 Republican from michigan, attended University of Michigan, played center (football) went on to yale law school during wwii he bacame a naval office in the pacific entered politics upon return
153
Jimmy Carter
Democrat 1976-1980 first southerner to go into office in 100 years From georgia, where his father owned a penaut farm and business Attended Naval Academy and became a nuclear engineer, when his father died he lft the navy and took over the peanut business. later he entered politics and became governer of Georgia. devout christian and often began meetings with prayer
154
Carter Loses Popularity
1. High Inflation 2. High Gas Prices 3. Weak foreign policy & National Defense
155
High Inflation
costs were going up very fast
156
High Gas Prices
shortage of gasoline caused by OPEC prices rise and gasoline is rationed ration one day 5 gallons only for week.
157
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Contries
OPEC caused shortage of gasoline punish U.S. by producing less gasoline
158
Weak Foreing Policy & National Defense
Amnesty to Draft Dodgers Returned Panama Russia invades Afghanistan and turns afghanistan communist, he places a Grain Embargo, but only hurts u.s. farmers not Russia Iran Seized 52 U.S. hostages Iran turns muslim fundamentalist and seized american embassy, Nixon only tries to reason with them, not attack
159
Ronald Raegan
``` 1980-1988 Republican not rich, from low middle class family Eureka Collge (small colle in illinois) sports announcer for 5 years good voise went to hollywood to become actor became movie star married jone wyman army officer but never served in combat, made training films returned to hollywood after war got divorce became host of TV spokesperson for Reppublican pary president of the Screen Actors guild worked w/ HUAC to find communists Gov. of California cut takes and spending in California Ran for President in 1980 and won by a landslide ```
160
Was nixon reeleced
NO
161
Reagan Popular in first term--Why?
``` "Great Communicator" Solved Iran Hostage Crisis on the same day he became president Assasination Attempt Raeganomics ReElected ```
162
Reagan Assassination attempt
after giving speech in the hilton hotel and on his way out of the hotel a kid tried to kill him to become famous. he wanted the fame to impress Joey Foster who he had been stalking and harboring a great love for and writing love letter to her too. Thus, an asssassination attempt would make him famous, but he was captured and taken to jail whre he still is. President got shot through one of his lungs, and when he arrived to hospital his wife was there and he told his wife "I forgot to duck, honey" and the U.S. people liked he kept his calm and his cool
163
Second Term Reagan
lost popularity National Deficit Alzheimers sometimes would forget lines in speeches announced he had terminal alzheimers after he left office
164
Reaganomics
``` cut takes by $1k per american family very strong on defense $ 1.5T budget for defense did it to out spend Russia and it worked Russi went bankrupt and broke up Russia Huge debt in U.S. ```
165
Vietnam War
Fought in 3 phases French American Vietnamization
166
French Phase
French attempt to take Vienam back after Japan is defeated, but the Viet Minh attack them and prevent them from doing this. The french fight them, but after a major defeat, they begin peace talks in Geneva, Switzerland
167
Geneva Accords
Divide vietnam at the 17th parallel | north would be run by Ho Chi Minh and would be communist, South would be Democratic and be left alone by North
168
American Phase
``` North broke Geneva accord and they invaded south vietnam through the ho chi minh trail. The viet cong as the north called it self, sank 2 destoyers in the Gulf of Tonkin, and led from military advisors to actual combat troops to be sent to Vietnam trhought the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. The U.S. used an Escalation technique and would send little by little more troops until 1968 when war was at its height 540K u.s. 750K south vietnamese 45K koreans Philippinos, Australians, New Zelanders ```
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Tet Offensive
Viet Cong attacked all major south vietnamese citites. although communists were soon defeated, the media portrayed a communist vicotory, and many americans began to dislike the war
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End of American Phase
Stopped Bombing Asked for peace talk Lyndon Johnson doesn't run for Re-Election in 1968
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Vietnamization Phase
U.S. would leave the Vietnam Peninsula if North left Sought alone Leave all military equipment for south to use for defense Paris Peace Accords followed for two years until North invaded south and this time Congress didn't allow the U.S. to get involved in Vietnan.
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Results of War
Vietnam was reunited as one communit country laos and cambodia were also quickly taken over by the communist Saigon was renamed ho chi minh city 100K Vietnamese refugees were resettled in America American prestige fell worldwide