Final Exam History of Western Civ Flashcards
What ideology helped enable the expansion of European imperialism by using racist ideas of European superiority to justify the conversion of trade with Africans into conquest of their lands?
Social Darwinism
Which of the following European countries was the slowest to industrialize?Russia
Belgium
France
Austria-Hungary
Russia
The demand for raw materials along with business that was brought on by industrialism led to a rise in
Imperialism
The new mass journalism of this period was characterized by
an increase in sensational stories in newspapers and an emphasis on spreading information quickly
Spain and Belgium abruptly awarded suffrage to all men in 1890 and 1893, respectively,
yet both countries remained monarchies.
In the 1880s, Dutch physician Aletta Jacobs opened the first clinic in Europe to provide
birth control for women.
In 1893, the Fabian Society in Great Britain
helped found the Labour Party.
The French followed up their colonization of Algeria by occupying what territory?
Tunisia
What were the most frequent destinations for international migrants who left Europe seeking economic opportunity?
North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand
What was the basic methodology and purpose of Sigmund Freud’s “talking cure”?
Encouraging patients to talk through their problems with a therapist, thereby exposing their unconscious desires and restoring their mental health
How did cubism and expressionism differ significantly from art nouveau?
Cubism and expressionism stressed the unpleasant aspects of industrial society, while art nouveau strove to offset the harshness of industrial society by emphasizing beauty.
Like other expressionist art of the period, the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch’s painting The Scream (1893) conveyed
the political outrage and horror of modern life felt by many Europeans, particularly in the face of middle-class optimism.
The Russian Ballet’s performance of Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring in 1913 was
a dance done to primitive rhythms with experimental forms of bodily expression and awkward poses.
What factors contributed to the massive increase in the European population at the turn of the twentieth century?
Improvements in public health and sanitation that extended the human life span and lowered infant mortality rates
What was the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), cofounded by the British suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, known for?
Its confrontational tactics and public displays of violence in response to the failure of European parliaments to give women the right to vote
What is one way in which Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity challenged mainstream scientific principles?
It argued that space and time were not absolute categories, as scientists had always believed, but varied according to the vantage point of the observer.
In which empire did the Young Turks come to power in 1908?
The Ottoman Empire
In 1911, Liberals in Britain initiated a new social policy funded by new taxes on the wealthy that was known as the
National Insurance Act, a system of relief for the unemployed.
How did women’s participation in the war effort on the home front affect debates over gender roles?
Many saw women’s assumption of men’s jobs as a sign of social disorder and feared that women would remain in the workforce after the war, robbing men of jobs.
What impact did the total war have on gender roles?
Women were more independent, joined formerly male occupations, adopted practical hairstyles and clothing, and sought greater political and social freedoms.
The Russian civil war pitted which two groups against each other?
The pro-Bolshevik “Reds” against the “Whites,” who were made up of an array of forces that wanted to turn back the revolution, including the tsarist military leadership
The Russian civil war pitted which two groups against each other?
The pro-Bolshevik “Reds” against the “Whites,” who were made up of an array of forces that wanted to turn back the revolution, including the tsarist military leadership
The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in March 1917 and the collapse of the Romanov dynasty in Russia led to
the creation of the Provisional Government, made up of aristocratic and middle-class politicians from the old Duma.
Following the official end of hostilities on November 11, 1918, the world experienced another devastating blow with the death of some one hundred million more people as a result of
an influenza epidemic.
In many European countries, women were “rewarded” for their efforts in World War I with which of the following new rights?
The right to vote
What changes did Lenin and the Bolshevik government institute in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917?
They used troops to take over the government, limited elected candidates to members of the Communist Party, abolished private property, and nationalized factories.
Why did right-wing parties have less influence in France and Britain than elsewhere in Europe?
Parliamentary institutions were better established in France and Britain, and their upper classes were not plotting to restore authoritarian monarchies.
In the 1920’s radio broadcasts,
quickly became common in private homes.
Who was Stalin referring to when he called for a “liquidation of the kulaks”?
Prosperous peasants and anyone who opposed his plans to end independent farming
How did Stalin respond to economic failures such as the drop in grain harvest that resulted from the failure of the collectivization of agriculture?
He blamed failure on “wreckers” who deliberately plotted against communism and instituted violent purges to rid society of these imagined “villains.”
