Final Exam: Immunity to Bacteria

Question 1

What type of immunity is immunity to bacteria? (innate or adaptive?

Answer 1

Innate or adaptive

Question 2

Which receptors are activated in immunity to bacteria and what is the purpose?

Answer 2

TLRs

inflammation, cytokine release, and complement activation

Question 3

What cell type is important in immunity to bacteria in the innate response?

Answer 3

NK cells

Question 4

How is Bacteria eliminated in the innate response?

Answer 4

lysozyme facilitated membrane attack complexes causing perforation of bacterial memb.

Question 5

How is bacteria destroyed in adaptive immunity?

Answer 5

1. Antibodies: Neutralization of enzymes or toxins
2. Classical Complement activation
3. Opsonization: Antibodies + complement= phagocytosis
4. Destruction of intracellular bacteria by activated macrophages
5. Direct killing of bacteria by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

Question 6

what are the 3 types of fungal infections

Answer 6

1. skin infections
2. respiratory infections
3. opportunistic infections

Question 7

Immunity to fungal infections is innate or adaptive?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity against funal infections

Answer 8

1. humoral IR

2. Cellular IR

Question 9

Bind to viral glycoproteins and block virus interaction with host cells

Answer 9

collectins

Question 10

What enzyme is important in immunity to viral infections

Answer 10

lysozyme

Question 11

interfere with viral transcription in host cells

Answer 11

defensins from leukocytes

Question 12

What two Pattern recognition receptors are important for viral immunity?

Answer 12

1. RIG-1

2. TLRs

Question 13

What are the 2 most important interferons in type 1 viral immunity and what is their function?

Answer 13

INF- a and B

act on viral infected cells to inhibit viral growth

Question 14

What cells work in type 2 viral immunity and what is their function?

Answer 14

IFNy macrophage and CD8 T cell activator

inc. MHC2 expression

Question 15

What cells work in type 3 viral immunity and what is their function

Answer 15

IFN lambda

immunoregulator of TH1 Response

Question 16

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity against virus infections?

Answer 16

1. Ab-mediated immunity

2. cell mediated immunity

Question 17

what are 3 examples of Ab-mediated immunity against viral infections?

Answer 17

1. complement mediated cytolysis
2. Ab- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
3. IgG and IgM in serum and IgA in secretions

Question 18

What cells are active in Cell mediated immunity against viruses?

Answer 18

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Question 19

What is the effect of IL-12/ IFN-y on CD8 T cells in viral immunity

Answer 19

MHC+ Antigen TCR

Question 20

What are the 6 ways in which the IS can protect the body against viruses?

Answer 20

1. Complement
2. Antibodies
3. Antibodies+ complement
4. NK cells
5. Cytotoxic T Cells
6. Activated macrophages

Question 21

7 ways Viruses avoid the IR?

Answer 21

1. inhibiton of Ag presentation
2. antigenic variation
3. prevention of apoptosis
4. cytokine targeting
5. Destruction of immune cells
6. Latency
7. Modulation of MHC class 1 expression

Question 22

What are the 3 IR defenses against protozoa?

Answer 22

1. innate immunity
2. Humoral immunity
3. Cellular immunity

Question 23

How does the humoral IR defend agains protozoa

Answer 23

antibodies against protozoan surface:

1. opsonize
2. agglutinate
3. immobilize

Question 24

Cellular immunity against protozoa is a Th 1/2 mediated response

Answer 24

1

Question 25

In cellular immunity against protozoa macrophage activation increases the production of ____

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

Which stage of T gondii can the IS exert a controlling force?

Answer 26

T cells and activated macrophages can act on intracellular stage

Question 27

Immunity to protozoa is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 27

type 2

Question 28

What are the 2 immunologic defenses against Helmiths

Answer 28

1. innate immunity | 2. adaptive immunity

Question 29

How does innate immunity defend against Helminths?

Answer 29

Chitinases are produced by mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils to attack chitin in helminth cuticles

Question 30

How does Adaptive immunity defend against helminths?

Answer 30

Th2 mediated response | inc. IgE and Eosinophils

Question 31

Immunity to helminths is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 31

Type 1

Question 32

Type 1 hypersensitivity is an exageration of Th _1/2_

Answer 32

2

Question 33

Type one hypersensitivity is characterized by excessive Ig_

Answer 33

E

Question 34

In immunity to helminths hypersensitivity type 1 there is an overproduction of IL-_

Answer 34

Il-4

Question 35

Where is FcERI present?

Answer 35

``` Mast cells Basophils Neutrophils Eosinophils Macrophages Dendritic cells ```

Question 36

Where are FcERII present?

Answer 36

``` B cells NK cells Macrophages DC Eosinophils Platelets ```