Final Exam, Key Terms

Question 1

Bakke v. University

Answer 1

the Court ruled unconstitutional a university’s use of racial “quotas” in its admissions process

Question 2

Michael Harrington, The Other America

Answer 2

the America of poverty

Question 3

Malcolm X

Answer 3

He was a political activist and is most well known for his work as a leader during the civil rights movement in America.

Question 4

Bay of Pigs

Answer 4

The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in April 1961 by the United States of America

Question 5

TV Images (1950s)

Question 6

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 6

Ho Chi Minh led a long and ultimately successful campaign to make Vietnam independent. He was president of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969 of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Question 7

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 7

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark law that prohibits discrimination based on: race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.

Question 8

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 8

Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional

Question 9

Kinsey reports of 1948 and 1953

Answer 9

are two scholarly books on human sexual behavior, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953)

Question 10

Iran Hostage Crisis

Answer 10

an international crisis that took place from 1979–1981, when Iranian students held 52 Americans hostage in the U.S. Embassy in Tehran

Question 11

Election of 1948

Answer 11

Incumbent Democratic President Harry S. Truman defeated heavily favored Republican New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, and third-party candidates.

Question 12

Great Society

Answer 12

was a series of domestic programs enacted by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the United States from 1964 to 1968. Including his fight on poverty

Question 13

Pentagon Papers

Answer 13

defended the First Amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government

Question 14

Elvis Presley

Answer 14

modernizing traditional genres such as blues, country and bluegrass for contemporary (and more youthful) audiences

Question 15

Pearl Harbor

Answer 15

a lagoon harbor in Hawaii that was the site of a surprise attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy on December 7, 1941

Question 16

Freedom Riders

Answer 16

a group of civil rights activists who rode buses together through the American South in 1961 to protest segregation

Question 17

Gulf of Tonkin

Answer 17

a body of water in the South China Sea, and was the site of a confrontation in 1964 that led to the United States increasing its involvement in the Vietnam War

Question 18

Allied and Axis Powers

Answer 18

Allied powers were the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France
Axis powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Question 19

Marshall Plan

Answer 19

provided markets for American goods, created reliable trading partners, and supported the development of stable democratic governments in Western Europe

Question 20

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Answer 20

Purposed in 1923, invalidates many state and federal laws that discriminate against women

Question 21

Clean Air Act of 1970*

Answer 21

Authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.

Question 22

Sit-Ins

Answer 22

a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change

Question 23

Chicanismo

Answer 23

pride in one’s heritage as a Mexican-American

Question 24

Muhammad Mossadegh

Answer 24

Iran’s prime minister

Question 25

American Indian Mov't (AIM)

Answer 25

a grassroots activist organization that sought to improve the lives of Native Americans

Question 26

Delgado v. Bastrop ISD (1948)+

Answer 26

Federal Judge Ben H. Rice ruled in their favor, ending legal segregation of Mexican Americans in Texas.

Question 27

Cesar Chavez

Answer 27

was a civil rights, Latino, farm worker, and labor leader; a religious and spiritual figure; a community servant and social entrepreneur; a crusader for nonviolent social change; and an environmentalist and consumer advocate.

Question 28

Reies Lopez Tijerina

Answer 28

(1926-2015) was a civil rights activist and leader of the Chicano (Mexican American) land rights movement

Question 29

Feminine Mystique

Answer 29

the assumptions that women would be fulfilled from their housework, marriage, sexual lives, and children

Question 30

Jacobo Arbenz

Answer 30

He was a major figure in the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution, which represented some of the few years of representative democracy in Guatemalan history.

Question 31

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 31

Voting Rights Act was enacted on August 6, 1965, and it prohibited states from imposing qualifications or practices to deny the right to vote on account of race

Question 32

Stonewall Riot

Answer 32

series of violent confrontations that began in the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outside the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City

Question 33

Watergate Scandal

Answer 33

a major political scandal during the 1970s in which President Richard Nixon attempted to cover up his involvement with the break-in at the Watergate office complex

Question 34

Jackie Robinson

Answer 34

being the first African American to play Major League Baseball in the 20th century

Question 35

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 35

a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October 1962 that brought the world close to nuclear war

Question 36

Ruben Salazar

Answer 36

first Latino reporter at the Post, he crossed into English-language journalism. He became the first Latino foreign correspondent, and the first Latino columnist,

Question 37

Medicare

Answer 37

established as a health insurance program for the elderly, and was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 30, 1965

Question 38

Truman Doctrine

Answer 38

was a foreign policy established by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 that pledged American support for democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces

Question 39

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 39

an Republican senator for the state of Wisconsin who made claims that Communist spies were in the U.S Federal Government.

Question 40

Munich Conference

Answer 40

a meeting between the leaders of Germany, Italy, France, and Britain that took place in Munich, Germany on September 29–30, 1938

Question 41

Zoot Suit Riots

Answer 41

were a series of violent attacks on Mexican American and Latino youth in Los Angeles, California that took place from June 3–8, 1943

Question 42

Election 1960

Answer 42

Kennedy won 303 to 219 in the Electoral College, and he won the reported national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent.

Question 43

US Reaction to Holocaust

Answer 43

established the "War Refugee Board" in 1944 to assist and rescue Jews and other groups persecuted by the Nazis. But criticized for insufficient action.

Question 44

Economy (WWII)

Answer 44

the U.S. economy experienced a significant boom, largely due to massive government spending on war production, leading to full employment, increased industrial output, and a rise in consumer spending despite rationing

Question 45

Taft-Hatley Act

Answer 45

law that restricted the power of labor unions

Question 46

Free Speech Movement

Answer 46

The Free Speech Movement was a student-led protest movement that began in 1964 at the University of California, Berkeley.

Question 47

Indian Self-Determination Act of 1974*

Answer 47

The Indian Self-Determination Act of 1974 was a landmark piece of legislation that gave Native Americans the right to govern themselves.

Question 48

Selma March

Answer 48

The Selma March was a civil rights march that took place in Selma, Alabama, in 1965. It was organized by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Question 49

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Answer 49

executed for conspiracy to commit espionage under the U.S. Espionage Act of 1917

Question 50

Student Movement (1960s)

Answer 50

a period of social and political activism by students that addressed a range of issues, including the Vietnam War, civil rights, and women's rights

Question 51

Hernandez v, Texas (1954)+

Answer 51

The case established that Mexican Americans were entitled to equal protection under the 14th Amendment and that excluding them from jury duty was unconstitutional

Question 52

The Great Society

Answer 52

became Johnson's agenda for Congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency