Final Exam (Listing and Quotes)

Question 1

List four important factors of the ancient political context

Answer 1

Environment, access to learning, social/political hierarchy, cosmology/religion/philosophy

Question 2

2. List four types of government and their definition from Plato

Answer 2

Timocracy – spirit, oligarchy – wealth, democracy – freedom/poor, tyranny – one man beast

Question 3

3. According to Aristotle, list the three types of good government and their corresponding corruption.

Answer 3

King – Tyranny, Aristocracy – Oligarchy, Polity - Democracy

Question 4

4. List the classes in Plato’s Republic and their corresponding virtues

Answer 4

Guardians – Wisdom, Auxiliaries – Courage, Producers - Temperance

Question 5

5. List three Roman words for power/ authority and define each.

Answer 5

Imperium – supreme, Potestas – power of life and death, Auctoritas - authority

Question 6

6. Name the assemblies and magistrates of Rome

Answer 6

Magistrates: Consuls, Censors, Tribunes, Dictator, Praetor Urbanus, Praetor Peregrinos, Aediles, Quaestors
Assemblies: Senate, Comitia Centuriata, Comitia Plebis, Comitia Tributa

Question 7

7. List seven political innovations of Greek polei

Answer 7

Sortition, rule of law, checks on power, bicameralism, ostracism, assemblies, term limits

Question 8

8. List seven political innovations/ legacies of Rome

Answer 8

Republic/Representative government, local government, division of nobility (i.e. duke), language of law, jurisprudence, Senate, split executive power Veto power, censoring an official, dictator/model of Cincinnatus, balance of power

Question 9

9. Name four qualities the prince should have, according to Machiavelli

Answer 9

Self-reliant, miserly, feared, excellent, virtuous insofar as it is advantageous, vicious insofar as it is not known, the appearance of good qualities, not hated

Question 10

10. List and define the three parts of Just War Theory

Answer 10

Jus ad bellum – pre-war, Just in bello – in war, Jus post bellum – after war

Question 11

11. List three different types of hereditary succession and define each.

Answer 11

Heirs general – linear succession, Heirs male first – men first, women after, Heirs male only – males only

Question 12

12. List four different passages of Scripture (either OT or NT) and the perspective therein on government

Answer 12

Micah 3: spiritual actor outside political structure calling politics to account
Romans 13: all governing authorities instituted by God
1 Timothy 2: prayers for government
Deuteronomy 17: king subject to law

Question 13

13. Four aspects of English Government in 1600

Answer 13

Monarchy, Parliament, courts, rights of Englishmen

Question 14

1. Three types of Courts in England

Answer 14

Exchequer, King’s Bench, Common Pleas

Question 15

14. Three types of limited government argument

Answer 15

Social Contract Theory, Civic Humanism, Ancient Contract

Question 16

15. Three terms for overseas imperial territories and their definitions

Answer 16

Colony – settlement of subjects, dependent; Dependency – separate, requires support or help; Protectorate – controlled by another to a greater or lesser degree

Question 17

16. Define four Waves of Feminism

Answer 17

First Wave: Suffrage movement and Feminism
Second Wave: Civil Rights/”Equal pay for equal work”
Third Wave: Opposition to Radical Feminism/Gender and Sexual Identity Movement/Split into antagonist groups
Fourth Wave: Social Justice/Social Media/Spirituality, Body positivity

Question 18

17. Name four feminist theorists and an idea of each

Answer 18

Charles Fourier – extension of privileges to women essential to progress
Josephine Butler – separate sphere argument: women’s sphere of operation was different from men
Simon de Beauvoir – gender as a social construct, feminist existentialism
Gloria Steinem – gender is social construct, sex is biological, marital status shouldn’t determine your job

Question 19

18. Seven syndromes for Warrior Queens

Answer 19

Appendage Syndrome
Tomboy Syndrome
Chastity/Holy Armed Figurehead
Sexual Athletes/Voracity Syndrome
Shame Syndrome

Question 20

19. Four principles of Bolivar’s thought

Answer 20

Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws: environment (geographic circumstances)
Avoid U.S. Model (federalism as a threat to unity)
Strong Central executive essential
Need for Unity

Question 21

20. Name and define the two methods used by Thomas Hobbes

Answer 21

Composite- induction of effects from first principles

Resolutive – deduction of first principles from effects

Question 22

21. Name the three principles of Kant’s internationalism

Answer 22

Republican Constitutions for all states
Law of nations as part of federation of free states
International law – universal hospitality.

Question 23

22. Draw and label the Dialectical model.

Answer 23

thesis———antithesis

—-synthesis—–

Question 24

23. Name three philosophers of the German Golden Age

Answer 24

Immanuel Kant
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann von Herder

Question 25

24. Name (from the 18th & 19th centuries) three Conservative thinkers; three Liberal thinkers and three Socialist thinkers.

Answer 25

``` Conservative: - Duke of Wellington - Klemens von Metternich - Benjamin Disraeli Liberal : - Jean-Baptiste Say - J.S. Mill - David Ricardo Socialist : - Louis Blanc - Robert Owen - Karl Marx ```

Question 26

25. Name four basic principles of Romanticism.

Answer 26

Rebellion Spontaneity Sensitivity and Sensuality Nationalism

Question 27

26. What were the beginning and ending dates of the Enlightenment and why for each?

Answer 27

So the end date is definitely 1789 – French Rev, pinnacle of Enlightenment thought that left a bad taste in everyone’s mouth, began in 1687 – publishing of Newton’s Principia which was the foundation of Newtonian physics and a resurgence in naturalist explanations of the world

Question 28

27. Name three prophecies of Karl Marx that failed

Answer 28

Capitalism – radically evil and incapable of reform Theory of Increasing Misery Location and Nature of Revolutions (would begin in highly developed industrial states)

Question 29

28. Name the stages of history in Marx's ideology.

Answer 29

SlaveFeudalIndustrial (Freeman and slave to PatricianPatrician and Plebeian to LordLord and Serf to BourgeoisieProletariat RevolutionUtopia)

Question 30

29. Draw the revolutionary triangle.

Answer 30

haves----------------have nots | ----new haves class------

Question 31

30. Name five European overseas empires and two places in each.

Answer 31

``` British Empire- Australia, Canada France- Louisiana, Haiti Spain- Mexico, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) Portugal- Brazil, Angola Dutch Empire-South Africa, Indonesia ```

Question 32

31. Three terms for overseas imperial territories and their definition

Answer 32

Colonies: settlement of subjects, dependent, a degree of self-government Viceroyalty: colony or protectorate in which the Viceroy stands in for the monarch Dependency: separated by land or water from central authority, dependent for support/help

Question 33

1. I declare our city is an education unto Greece

Answer 33

Thucydides, Pericles’ Funeral Oration

Question 34

2. In the perfect state, the good man is absolutely the same as a the good citizen; whereas in other states the good citizen is only good relatively to his own form of government

Answer 34

Aristotle, Politics

Question 35

3. Hence it is evident that the state is a creation of nature and that man is by nature a political animal.

Answer 35

Aristotle, Politics

Question 36

4. Until either philosophers become kings or those now kings and regents become genuine philosophers.

Answer 36

Plato, Republic

Question 37

5. What man is so indifferent or so idle that he would not wish to know how and under what form of government almost all the inhabited world came under the single rule of the Romans in less than 53 years?

Answer 37

Polybius, Histories

Question 38

6. Fruitful as Fortune is in change, and constantly as she is producing dramas in the life of men, yet assuredly never before this did she work such a marvel, or act such a drama, as that which we have witnessed."

Answer 38

Polybius, Histories

Question 39

7. The commonwealth … is the people’s affair; and the people is not every group of men, associated in any manner, but is the coming together of a considerable number of men who are united by a common agreement about laws and rights and by desire to participate in mutual advantage

Answer 39

Cicero, The Republic

Question 40

8. "Law is highest reason implanted in Nature, which commands what out to be done and forbids the opposite.”

Answer 40

Cicero, The republic

Question 41

9. What are kingdoms but great bands of brigands?

Answer 41

St. Augustine, City of God

Question 42

10. Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves

Answer 42

Romans 13:1

Question 43

11. “it is much safer to be feared than loved because ...love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails.

Answer 43

Machiavelli, The Prince

Question 44

12. "Women are more inclined to make peace and avert wars"

Answer 44

Christine de Pizan, The Treasure of the City of Ladies

Question 45

13. “And I know in the depth of my being and in all my knowledge of history and humanity, I know women will struggle for a social order of peace, equality and joy.”

Answer 45

Joan Kelly

Question 46

14. “I accept that women are gentler at the moment, but if they had the same amount of power as men, they wouldn’t be more virtuous.”

Answer 46

Lynne Segal

Question 47

15. To say 'radical feminist' is only a way of indicating that I believe the sexual caste system is a root of race and class and other divisions

Answer 47

Gloria Steinem

Question 48

16. The nuclear family must be destroyed, and people must find better ways of living together.... Whatever its ultimate meaning, the break-up of families now is an objectively revolutionary process.... No woman should have to deny herself any opportunities because of her special responsibilities to her children... Families will be finally destroyed only when a revolutionary social and economic organization permits people's needs for love and security to be met in ways that do not impose divisions of labor, or any external roles, at all."

Answer 48

Linda Gordon

Question 49

17. general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death

Answer 49

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

Question 50

18. In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor e use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short

Answer 50

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

Question 51

19. Common Law of England is nothing else but the Common Custome of the Realm

Answer 51

Sir John Davies

Question 52

20. "and he ...is called SOVEREIGN, and said to have sovereign power; and everyone besides, his SUBJECT."

Answer 52

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

Question 53

21. a State of Liberty, yet it is not a State of Licence... [because] ...The State of Nature has a Law of Nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and Reason, which is that Law, teaches all Mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his Life, Health, Liberty, or Possessions."

Answer 53

John Locke, Second Treatise on Government

Question 54

22. Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience

Answer 54

Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Question 55

23. Make women rational creatures, and free citizens, and they will quickly become good wives; - that is, if men do not neglect the duties of husbands and fathers.

Answer 55

Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Question 56

24. The distinguishing characteristic of small republics is stability: the character of large republics is mutability

Answer 56

Simon de Bolivar, Letter from Jamaica

Question 57

25. We have been ruled more by deceit than by force, and we have been degraded more by vice than by superstition. Slavery is the daughter of darkness: an ignorant people is a blind instrument of its own destruction

Answer 57

Simon de Bolivar, Message to the Congress of Angostura

Question 58

26. Precisely because no form of government is so weak as the democratic, its framework must be firmer, and its institutions must be studied to determine their degree of stability … unless this is done, we will have to reckon with an ungovernable, tumultuous, and anarchic society, not with a social order where happiness, peace, and justice prevail

Answer 58

Simon de Bolivar, Message to the Congress of Angostura

Question 59

27. “Government has no other end but the preservation of their property”

Answer 59

John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government

Question 60

28. Every man has a property in his own person

Answer 60

John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government

Question 61

29. What is the use of discussing a man's abstract right to food or to medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them. In this deliberation I shall always advise to call in the aid of the farmer and the physician, rather than the professor

Answer 61

Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France

Question 62

30. “who possesses the true spirit of command, shall draw the eyes of all men upon himself”

Answer 62

Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France

Question 63

31. “The person who really commands the army is your master; the master of your king, the master of your assembly, the master of your whole republic.”

Answer 63

Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France

Question 64

32. Man is born free, but everywhere is in chains

Answer 64

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

Question 65

33. Workers of the world unite!

Answer 65

Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto

Question 66

34. We seem, as it were, to have conquered and people half the world in a fit of absence of mind.

Answer 66

John Seeley, The Expansion of England

Question 67

35. The history of all previous societies has been the history of class struggles

Answer 67

Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto