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Art History A102 - pre- Rennaisance to Modern 1200ce to 1990 > Final Exam-Modernism > Flashcards

Final Exam-Modernism Flashcards

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1
Q
A

Artist: Watteau, Antoine

Title: Return from Cythera

Date: 1720

fete gallante(courtship party)

French Academy/Rococo bridge

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Artist: Boucher

Title: Cupid a Captive

Date: 1755

Less Painterly/Brushy than Watteau

More priority to Diagonal Line(Raphael’s Galatea Poussin’s Abduction of Sabine Women)

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Artist: Fragonard

Title: The Meeting, from the Loves of the Shepherds

Date: 1770

18th cent Sacharine Work

Gardens, Statue of Venus an and Cupid

Rococo period, return from Versailles

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Artist: Vigee-Lebrun

Title: Marie Antoinette and her Children

Date: 1790

Female Artist, welcome in Rococo

Informal Portraiture of Royalty (contrasting with Rigaud’s Louis 14th-power and importance)

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5
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What are some Cultural changes that accompany NeoClassicism and Romanticism?

A

ENLIGHTENMENT (Age of Reason)

Geocentric model to Heliocentric model of Solar System

Art began to question social heirarchy

Contrast: Brugel’s depiction of Peasants and Royal birth as Natural Selection

Rousseau’s, Du Contrat Social 1760 (Integrity of NationState instead of Royal Birth)

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6
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What characteristics define Neoclassicism?

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1780-1820ce

A return to inspiration from classcial Greek and Roman Art

Rejected Rococo

Last 20 years overlaps First 20 of Romanticism

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Artist: David, Jacques-Louis

Title: Oath of the Horatii

Date: 1785

NeoClassicism (Artists were attracted to democratic Republican phase of Rome.)

Linear/Poussin/Clarity

3 Soldiers as 1 - Serve NationState

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Artist: Jacques-Louis David

Title: Death of Marat

Date: 1790

Neoclassicism (Martyr of the State)

Compare: Caravaggio’s Entombment(weight of figure, dramatic light)

Mirroring of Jesus’ right arm

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9
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Artist: Benjamin West

Title: The Death of General Wolfe

Date: 1770

Neoclassicism(British General’s death while defeating France)

West-Founder of British Royal Academy of Art

Contempory attire was controversial(normally classical garb corresponding to contemporary event)

Compare to Giotto’s Lamentation? Decent from Cross?

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10
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Artist: Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique

Title: Large Odalisque

Date: 1814

Romanticism

Emotion: Aloof compared to inviting gaze of Titian’s Venus of Urbino

Slave/pleasure device(Tales of Exotic Lands), as opposed to goddess of carnal love

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11
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Artist: Géricault, Théodore

Title: Raft of the Medusa

Date: 1820

Romanticism(crit of political corruption/incompetince/nepotism, Nature as Force)

Diagonal line/Forward Motion

Contrast with Versailles Nature Controlled geometric gardens.

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12
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Artist: Delacroix, Eugene

Title: Women of Algiers

Date: 1834

Romanticism(Near East Exoticism/Fear of own civilization)

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13
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Artist: Goya

Title: Family of Charles IV

Date: 1800

Romanticism? (Spanish open to French Ideals, but couldn’t turn to France due to French Revolution)

Compare: Velazquez’ Las Meninas-Artist as Royalty.

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14
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Artist: Goya

Title: Duke of Wellington

Date: ?

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15
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Artist: Goya, Francisco

Title: Third of May 1808

Date: 1815

Romanticism(Faceless political army shooting the unarmed, light on “hero”)

compare: Neoclassicist naming of Death of General Wolfe vs. unnamed Goya

Raft of Medusa?

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16
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Artist: Turner

Title: Slave Ship

Date: 1840

Romaticism: (FEEL plight of slaves tossed over)

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17
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Artist: Turner

Title: Rain, Steam, and Speed

Date: 1845

Romanticism: Man harnessing Steam, Landscape excuse for emotional response?

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18
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Artist: Caspar David Friedrich

Title: Abbey in Oak Forest

Date: 1810

German

Romanticism: (Picturesque Ruin, Framed by Oaks, )

Mood: Religion connecting with landscape

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19
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Artist: Constable, John

Title: The Haywain

Date: 1820

Romance & Realism

Real: Landscape observable fact, painted outdoors, Atttention to Light(dots of white everywhere)

Romance: Peasants, Everyday People

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20
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Artist: Constable

Title: Haywain Sketch

Date: 1820

Romance & Realism

Sketched on location

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21
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Artist: Bouguereau

Title: Nymphs and Satyr

Date: 1873

NOT REALISM

Mainstream Culture

Lighthearted

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22
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Artist: Millet, Jean-Francois

Title: The Gleaners

Date: 1860

Realism:

Sympathy for Peasant, Social Activism,

Emotional response, political reform.

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23
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Artist: Courbet, Gustave

Title: The Stone Breakers

Date: 1850

Realism:

Leader of Realist Movement

Direct observation/Experience

Plight of Working Man

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24
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Artist: Courbet, Gustave

Title: The Studio: A Real Allegory of Seven Years of Life as and Artist

Date: 1855

Realism

Contrast: Velazquez depicted Royalty. Nude and Boy about Artist…Undisguised, True to Appearance, and Fresh Eyes on Nature.

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Artist: Courbet, Gustave Title: A Burial at Ornans Date: 1850 Realism Contrast: Raft of Medusa remains beautiful, Courbet is more real.
26
Artist: Daumier, Honoré Title: The Third-Class Carriage Date: 1860 Realism: City Life, Class Distinction
27
What are characteristics of Realism?
Realism looked to the world around us in an unmediated way. Often included people from lower class (and effects of Industrial Revolution on working class), Sympathy. It was a revolution: Reaction to Romaticism and History Painting
28
What are Characteristics of Impressionism?
Disdain of French Academy Disdain of middle-class leisure painting Spontaneous/Immediate reaction to Nature Painted outside and left canvas "unfinished" Often focused on fugitive light effects
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Artist: Manet, Édouard Title: Olympia Date: 1860 Impressionism(influenced by Realism): reality of prostitute instead of leisure middle-class Flattened image, Light comes brightly from the front. Outline and pattern more that 3D. Contrast: Titian's Venus of Urbino, inviting gaze
30
Artist: Manet Title: Luncheon on the Grass Date: 1860 Compare to Titian's Pastoral Concert. T's women are classically draped and avert their gaze, Manets clothes look recently removed and she stares at the veiwer. Rejecting the poetic conciet of the Renassaince?
31
Artist: Monet Title: Impression: Sunrise Date: 1870 Impressionism: Immediate Reaction to nature(Landscape), Fugitive Light Effects(Sun on Water) Compare: Constable's *Haywain* sketches(Contable finished at studio... Monet left them as "unfinished" works. Brushiness.
32
Artist: Titian Title : *Flaying of Marsyas* Date: 1570 Late Italian Rennassaince, Painterly Continuity of Figures and Atmosphere, Movement-Living and Breathing Life, Action of the Artist's hand. Velazquez is most similar/influenced Impressionists. Rembrandt different-built up layers of paint. El Greco's Resurrection background collapsing/flattening simliar.
33
Artist: El Greco Title: *Resurrection* Date: 1600 *Painterly Painting #2* Collapsing of Figure and Space, ala #1 Titian's *Marsyas* 1570(movement), #3-Velazquez' Las Meninas 1655(movement of light), #4-Rembrandt's *Return of the Prodigal Son* 1665, #5-Monet's *Impression: Sunrise* 1872(about immediate response to nature, possibly Action of Artist to Titian)
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Artist: Monet Title: *Regatta at Argenteuil* Date: 1870 Impressionism Light effects-Reflection of House and Sails. Painterly: We can actually count the strokes,
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Artist: Monet Title: Rouen Cathedral, Full Sun and Grey Weather Date: 1894 Impressionism: Fugitive Light effects-Light Changes Form, Architecture isn't the point. Painterly-Loosness of Technique
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Artist: Monet Title: *Women in the Garden* Date: 1865 Impressionism? Contradicts disdain for middle class leisure, borders on Realism(it's his early work though), Less Painterly.
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Artist: Monet Title: RailRoad Bridge Date: 1870 Impressionism: Fugitive Light Effects. Realism: middle class created by industrialization Compare to Constable's Haywain's peasants, Middle class didn't exist, now got to the countryside by train.
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Watteau's Cythera Rococo Imaginary Aristocrats of fictional land Monet's real middle class people in actual countryside, considered radical Impressionist's had art shows outside of Academy Salon's, similar to Courbet's who had one show.
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Artist: Renoir, Pierre-Auguste Title: Le Moulin de la Galette Date: 1875 Impressionism: Fugitive Light Effects, informal order/not balanced, liked pretty and pleasant. Less Painterly than Monet. Monet was more about landscape, Renoir painted more figures.
40
Artist: Manet, Edouard Title: A Bar at the Folies-Bergere Date: 1880 Impressionism: Some Imps were still critical, Daumier's ThirdClass, Manet kept illusionism, critique-low paying service jobs Velazquez' Las Meninas Mirror(king and queen),
41
Artist: Edgar Degas Title: *Absinthe* Date: 1876 Impressionism less light, More About POV. Lower Class Couple, Dark Subject Nothing Contained, Open Form(A-tectonic) Forshortening of Table tops, Recession?
42
Artist: Degas Title: The Tub Date: 1886 Impressionism 2D representation of 3D, steeply foreshortened, Shelf as picture plane, Open Form/Framing, Tight Space
43
Artist: Cezanne, Paul Title: Self-Portrait Date: 1879 Post-Impressionism/Modernism-Formalist Crit: Imp was too much about light/superficial Aimed for more balanced and durable mastery
44
What characteristics define Modernism?
1880-1970 Formalist: Form investigating 2D surface/3D world (Degas, Cezanne), leads to complete Abstraction/NonRepresentation, Art for Arts' sake Expressionism: Desire to express self, Stimulate Emotion/feeling. Post-Impressionism: Def Mod Impressionism: sometimes Mod
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Artist: Cezanne Title: House in Provence Date: 1880 Mod-Formalism/Post-Impressionism - More Structure than Monet's Imp. Diagonal. Still Large Brushstrokes, though. Color: pre-cursor to Fauvism? uses cool colors to achieve modeling, instead of adding black/white to tint, Blue Shadow
46
Artist: Cezanne Title: The Basket of Apples Date: 1895 Mod-Form-Post-Imp Bottle Centered, Brush More ordered than Monet, less ordered than House in Provence. Outline-Manet's Olympia to flatten form to 2D Table's perspective rejected rules(Degas), but still classical form.
47
Artist: Cezanne Title: Mont Sainte-Victoire Date: 1885 Post-Imp/Mod-Form uses different colors to depict depth. Traditional Landscape: Green Fields/Blue Mountain 2D: Flattens/collapses pictorial space. Tree Branches follow form of mountain top(puzzled together like El Greco Resurrection)
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Artist: Cezanne Title: Mont Sainte Victoire Date: 1900 Post-Imp/Mod-Form only hints at perspective, otherwise entirely 2D representation. Influences Picasso's cubist phase.
49
Artist: Seurat Title: *Bathers at Asnieres* Date: 1880 Mod-Form/Post-Imp/Neo-Imp/Pointilism Pursuit of Stability, Intential Geometry of Form and Composition, No Movement Contrast: Degas' *Absinthe* is intentionally unbalanced.
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Artist: Seurat Title: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte Date: 1885 Post-Imp/Mod-Form/Neo-Imp/Pointilism Serious through Science, Geometry of comp/forms Island was actually filthy/rowdy
51
Artist: Gauguin Title: The Vision of the Sermon (Jacob wrestling with the Angel) Date: 1888 Post-Imp: No Pictorial Space/Flattened, 2D forms(pre-industrial inspiration) Color: Ground is RED Spiritual Separation, desired return to harmony
52
Artist: Gauguin Title: Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? Date: 1900 Post-Imp/Mod-Formal AND Expressionism? Formal Elements to Express an idea. Flattened 2D, Harmony outside corrupt European Culture
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Artist: Van Gogh Title: Night Cafe Date: 1888 Post-Impressionism: Still Natural world, but Formal, Loose Brush(Monet), Abandoned Perspective(Degas), went for oppression of room Spiritual Dislocation(Gauguin), but on a personal level. Color as Expression(Red/Green: Terrible Passions of Humanity) Cafes: criminals
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Artist: Van Gogh Title: *Starry Night* Date: 1890 Post-Imp: formal/diagonal/Large Brush Strokes Turbulence, Nature by Force of Spirit "An entire body of work can revolve around a personal vision"
55
What is Expressionism?
1900-1935 No longer an interest in representing 3D world on 2D cavas. Exaggerated Color, Geometric Forms to evoke subjective emotional responses or ideas. inspired by Post-Imp Munch's The Cry
56
Artist: Derain, Andre Title: London Bridge Date: 1905 Fauvism: "Wild Beasts" Expressionism Color! Abandoned convention. (Cezanne initiated, Derain took it further)
57
Artist: Matisse, Henri Title: Woman with the Hat Date: 1905 Fauvism/Mod-Expressionism Abandonment of Naturalism with regard to color.
58
Artist: Matisse Title: Joy of Life Date: 1905 Fauvism/Mod-Expressionism Color of Derain, Flattening Outlines of Olympia, Planar quality of Poussin, Pleasantry of Renoir.
59
Artist: Matisse Title: Red Studio Date: 1910 Fauv/Mod-Expressionism: abandoned color norms in favor of evoking ideas/emotions with exaggeration Status of Artist: Velazquez, Courbet(allegory) Abandoning Naturalism of color and Perspective.
60
What is Cubism?
1905-1920 Characterized by a fragmentation of Forms/seeing object from multiple angles at the same time. Reducing all 3 Dimensions to 2D surface.
61
Artist: Kandinsky Title: Improvisation No.30 Date: 1915 Expressionism Abstracted very far from color and form and representation. Evoke spiritual communication through color alone
62
Artist: Kandinsky Title: Composition VIII Date: 1925 Pure Abstraction Painting like music.
63
Artist: Picasso Title: Gertrude Stein Date: 1907 pre-Cubism: line behind figure/chair?Shadow?
64
Artist: Picasso Title: Les Demoiselles d' Avignon Date: 1907 Picasso rejection of Matisse: (Real Unpleasant World, Angular/Denied Continuity of form) Picasso Takes Manet's Olympia further(Gaze of all 5 women)
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Artist: Braque, Georges Title: The Portuguese Date: 1911 Cubism: Fragmented Form. Analytic: Collapse pictorial space. broke down objects into individual elements, Musical Arrangement/Painting
66
Artist: Picasso Title: Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler Date: 1910 Cubism-Analytic: Fragment object,
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Artist: Picasso Title: Still Life with Chair Caning Date: 1911 Synthetic Cubism: Complex Compostion from Simple Parts, Collage, Print, letters, joined with Analytic Cube, Rejection of Linear Perspective
68
Artist: Picasso Title: Three Musicians Date: 1921 Cubism: Flattened Planes of color, Locked together like collage, Painting like music
69
Artist: Picasso Title: Three Women at the Spring Date: 1921 Illusionism of Renassaince
70
Artist: Picasso Title: Guernica Date: 1937 Cubist Abstraction: Flattened 3D forms, Manet, Cezanne, Picasso, Braque
71
Artist: Mondrian Title: Red Tree Date: 1908 Cubism as Launching Point, Post-Imp: Brushstrokes-Monet, Fauvism: Color. Collapsing pic space-Cezanne
72
Artist: Mondrian Title: Composition in Line and Colour Date: 1913 Pure Pattern: Analytic Cubism Color as subtle pictorial depths
73
Artist: Mondrian Title: Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow Date: 1930 Abstraction: less depth, pure color, in motion?
74
Artist: Jean Arp Title: Collage arranged by the laws of chance Date: 1920 Dada: Reject everything, Noise music scene, Scathing Critique, nothing means anything, so fuck it. Dada lead to Surrealism
75
Artist: Duchamp Title: Fountain Date: 1917 Dada, Readymade, denying mastery
76
Artist: Max Ernst Title: Europe after the Rain Date: 1940 Surrealism: more systematic that dada, more nihlist, dreams, subconscious
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Artist: Max Ernst Title: Two Children are Threatened by a Nightengale Date: 1925 Surreal: Question dream or reality Ren: behind frame. Baroque: optically extend past frame. Surreal: literally extends beyond frame for sake of confusion
78
Artist: Salvador Dali Title: Persistence of Memory Date: 1930 Surrealism: subconscious, attitude more than style
79
Artist: Jackson Pollack Title: Lavender Mist Date: 1950 Abstract Expressionism: Physical Action of painter(compare to Titian: Flaying of Marsyus) NO BRUSHWORK...painterly essay.
80
Artist: Rothko Title: No.14 Date: 1960 Abstract Expressionism, Color Field
81
Artist: Rauschenberg Title: Canyon Date: 1960 Neo-Dada Consumerism, questions what art is(duchamp) Iconography, mirroring, redwhiteblue, dead bird
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Artist: Warhol Title: Marilyn Diptych Date: 1960 Pop Art: Consumerism, Mass Production
83
Artist: Warhol Title: Five Deaths Twice Date: 1963 Pop Art? The Factory: Mass Production(Status of Artist as Tycoon), Consumerism(Politics), SilkScreen(painterly)
84
Essay: Status of the Artist
Durer-Self Portrait 1498 Rembrandt-Self Portrait-1640 Velazquez-Las Meninas-1656 Courbet-Allegory Andy Warhol-Artist as CEO
85
Essay: Art and Politics War Class Mythology
Limbourg Bros(Iluminated Manuscripts) separation of rich and poor 1415-**class** Bruegel: Hunters in the Snow 1565-**class** Alberti:Triumphal Arch of Constantine? Rubens: Arrival of Marie d Medici 1622(**Mythology**) Rubens: Allegory of the outbreak of war 1638-**war** David: Oath of the Horatii 1785-**war**, nationstate David: Death of Marat: Revolution-1790-**war** Gericault-Raft of Medusa-1820-**class** Picasso: Guernica(spanish airplane bombing of civilians, devastation)1920-**war**
86
Essay: Art and Religion
Bernini: Ecstacy of St. Theresa 1645
87
Essay: Naturalism
Linear Perspective/Mannerism/Realism Van Eyck: Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride

Art History A102 - pre- Rennaisance to Modern 1200ce to 1990 (1 decks)

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