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Clinical Microbiology > Final Exam (new info) > Flashcards

Final Exam (new info) Flashcards

1
Q

Non-branching, catalase positive

A

Bacillus, Listeria, Corynebacterium

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2
Q

Non-branching, catalase negative

A

Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus

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3
Q

Branching or Partially Acid Fast

A

Nocardia

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4
Q

Confirmatory “test” for Bacillus species

A

Endospore staining

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5
Q

Virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis

A

Polypeptide capsule, potent endotoxins, edema toxin, lethal toxin

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6
Q

Most common form of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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7
Q

How can anthrax be acquired?

A

contamination of wound (cutaneous anthrax), inhalation of spores (pulmonary anthrax/wool sorter’s disease), ingestion (gastrointestinal anthrax)

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8
Q

Clinical presentation of Bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning, diarrheal syndrome, is associated with rice, meat, poultry, and soups

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9
Q

Differentiation between Listeria monocytogenes and Group B Strep

A

Catalase positive (Group B Strep is catalase negative)

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10
Q

Listeria monocytogenes biochemical results

A

Catalase positive
Bile esculin positive
Umbrella motility
Block-type hemolysis on CAMP test
Beta hemolytic

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11
Q

Clinical presentation of diphtheria

A

respiratory: acquired by droplet spray, can cause demyelinating peripheral neuritis, cardiac failure, paralysis
cutaneous: infections occur at the site of minor abrasions; nonhealing ulcers with a dirty gray membrane

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12
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae biochemical results

A

Catalase positive
Bile esculin negative

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13
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae biochemical results

A

Catalase negative
production of H2S on TSI

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14
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae clinical presentation

A

infection through occupational exposure: farmers, butches, fishermen
Erysipeloid: produces painful swelling usually on the hands or fingers
Endocarditis may occur in patients with valve replacements

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15
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis clinical presentation

A

Bacterial vaginosis (BV): malodorous (fishy) discharge, vaginal pH greater than 4.5

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16
Q

How can Nocardia species be identified?

A

Using paraffin bait test: only Nocardia can break it down as a substrate

17
Q

Nonselective anaerobic culture media

A

Cooked meat broth, Anaerobic blood agar, Egg-yolk agar (EYA), Peptone-yeast extract glucose broth (PYG), Thioglycolate broth

18
Q

Selective anaerobic culture media

A

Bacteroides bile esculin agar (BBE), Laked Kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar (LKV), Anaerobic phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA), Cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA)

19
Q

Clostridium perfringens clinical presentation

A

Type A and C most common for disease
Acute gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea to necrotizing enterocolitis
Most common cause of Gas Gangrene (myonecrosis)

20
Q

Clostridium difficile clinical presentation

A

Most common cause of nosocomial infections associated with antibiotic use
Causes watery diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis with destruction of intestinal lining, toxic colon

21
Q

Propionibacterium acnes clinical presentation

A

Infections of human skin (pimples), intestines, corneal ulcers, heart valves, prosthetic devices (artificial joints), ventricular shunts
Can present as osteomyelitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis

22
Q

Difference between Nocardia and Anaerobic Actinomyces species

A

Nocardia grows aerobically and stain acid fast
Actinomyces does not!

23
Q

Actinomyces biochemical results

A

CAMP -
Catalase -
No hemolysis
Indole -
Nitrate reduction +

24
Q

Actinomyces species clinical presentation

A

“lumpy jaw”, sulfur granules in fluid, abdominal GI lesions, colonization of female genital tract, indistinguishable from pelvic inflammatory disease, associated with long term use of IUDs

25
Q

Bacteroides spp. virulence factors

A

pili, fimbriae, adhesins, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, capsular polysaccharide toxin

26
Q

Bacteroides fragilis group biochemical results

A

Esculin hydrolysis +
Indole -
Urease -
Catalase +
Oxidase +/-
Ferments glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose

27
Q

Bacteroides fragilis group clinical presentation

A

GI mucosal barrier breach, diarrhea from enterotoxigenic B fragilis (ETBF), produces beta-lactamase

28
Q

Porphyromonas species biochemical results

A

Esculin hydrolysis +
Catalase -
Indole -

29
Q

Porphyromonas species clinical presentation

A

Periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease

30
Q

Fusobacterium species biochemical results

A

Catalase +/-
Lipase -
Indole +/-
Esculin hydrolysis -

31
Q

Fusobacterium species clinical presentation

A

Lemierre’s syndrome: thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein
Abscesses, bacteremia, puerperal infections, septic shock

32
Q

Veillonella species biochemical results

A

Non-motile
Ferments lactate
Reduces nitrate to nitrite

33
Q

Peptostreptococcus species biochemical results

A

Urease +/-
Catalase -
Indole -
Nonhemolytic

34
Q

Common isolates of Peptostreptococcus species

A

P. magnus
P. anaerobius
P. asaccharolyticus

Clinical Microbiology (2 decks)

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