final exam notes

Question 1

What is Liberalism?

Answer 1

A political philosophy where the rights of a person are protected, and it is their responsibility to help the community.

Question 2

Define Capitalism.

Answer 2

Economic relationships between bosses and workers.

Question 3

What does Judaeo-Christian refer to in the context of family?

Answer 3

A traditional family structure with a father, mother, and children, where the father is the breadwinner.

Question 4

List the social relationships of power.

Answer 4

• Gender
• Class
• Ethnicity
• Race

Question 5

What was the primary issue of the Civil War according to the notes?

Answer 5

States’ rights, focusing on the nation’s unity rather than the abolition of slavery.

Question 6

What are the Five Civilized Tribes?

Answer 6

• Cherokees
• Chickasaws
• Choctaws
• Creeks
• Seminoles

Question 7

What was the Indian Wars period?

Answer 7

1864-1886, where tribes like the Sioux fought against the US Army.

Question 8

What did the Asian Exclusion Act of 1882 do?

Answer 8

Prohibited immigration of Chinese laborers.

Question 9

What was the significance of U.S. v. Reynolds (1879)?

Answer 9

It questioned the absoluteness of freedom of religion regarding polygamy.

Question 10

What did the Edmunds Act (1882) accomplish?

Answer 10

Punished individuals practicing polygamy for not adhering to Judaeo-Christian family values.

Question 11

What did the Homestead Act (1862) allow?

Answer 11

People to settle in the west and ‘husband’ their land for profit.

Question 12

What was the Timber Culture Act (1873)?

Answer 12

Granted people 160 acres if they planted 40 acres of trees.

Question 13

Define the Dawes Act (1887).

Answer 13

An attempt to dismantle Native American culture by splitting them into allotments.

Question 14

What motivated industrialization and urbanization in the late 19th century?

Answer 14

Working industries and failed Anglo farmers.

Question 15

What does a laissez-faire attitude entail?

Answer 15

Letting things take their course without government intervention.

Question 16

What was the outcome of E. C. Knight v United States (1895)?

Answer 16

Established the constitutionality of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act against monopolies.

Question 17

What societal standards did the middle class form during the Gilded Age?

Answer 17

Standards for women to embody purity and adherence to Judaeo-Christian values.

Question 18

What was the Farmers Alliance?

Answer 18

An initiative by farmers to improve their economic and political conditions.

Question 19

What is the frontier thesis proposed by Frederick Jackson Turner?

Answer 19

The idea that Americans gained identity and spirit from conquering the west, linked to Manifest Destiny.

Question 20

What was the significance of the Depression of 1893?

Answer 20

A financial crisis leading to widespread bank closures.

Question 21

What was the legacy of Populism?

Answer 21

Advocacy by the American Farm Bureau to support farmers’ ability to feed the country.

Question 22

Define individualism.

Answer 22

The belief in self-reliance and independence.

Question 23

What does the term agrarian myth refer to?

Answer 23

The belief that a simpler urban life is inferior to that of the yeomen farmer.

Question 24

Who is Horatio Alger?

Answer 24

An author known for ‘Ragged Dick’ which illustrates the American dream of rising from poverty.

Question 25

What critique does Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' offer?

Answer 25

It criticizes American capitalism and the treatment of workers by large corporations.

Question 26

What was the American Social Science Association (ASSA)?

Answer 26

A society formed in 1865 at MIT to discuss social questions.

Question 27

What was the Brownsville Raid?

Answer 27

An incident in 1906 where 167 black men were discharged from the military without honor.

Question 28

What role did women play in Progressivism (1900-1920)?

Answer 28

They became the backbone of reform in healthcare and social work.

Question 29

What was the significance of the 18th Amendment?

Answer 29

It enacted Prohibition, banning the sale of alcohol.

Question 30

What was the Espionage Act of June 1917?

Answer 30

Established punishment for those who interfered with war efforts.

Question 31

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?

Answer 31

To use propaganda to encourage support for WWI.

Question 32

What did the Immigration Act of 1921 accomplish?

Answer 32

Limited immigration quotas to 3% of the total population of the immigrant's home country.

Question 33

What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

Answer 33

Defined the relationship between the US and Latin American countries in the late 1920s to early 1930s.

Question 34

What did Executive Order 8802 (1941) allow?

Answer 34

It allowed all Americans to join the military regardless of background.

Question 35

What was 'Reaganomics'?

Answer 35

Economic policies aimed at tax cuts and reduced government spending to increase military spending.

Question 36

What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer 36

Outlawed discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or national origin.

Question 37

What was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

Answer 37

An event in August 1964 where Vietminh attacked US destroyers, escalating US involvement in Vietnam.

Question 38

What was the Tet Offensive?

Answer 38

A surprise attack by North Vietnam on South Vietnam during Tet, leading to decreased US support for the war.

Question 39

What was the purpose of the SALT I agreement?

Answer 39

To limit the use of nuclear weapons between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 40

What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?

Answer 40

A 1979 event where Iranian militants took Americans hostage at the US embassy in Tehran.

Question 41

What did the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 aim to achieve?

Answer 41

Healthcare reform to reduce healthcare costs.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The _______ Act of 2017 reduced corporate tax rates.

Answer 42

Tax Cuts and Jobs