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340 Final > Final Exam Old Material > Flashcards

Final Exam Old Material Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

A

Common disorder marked by backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus that causes troublesome symptoms and/or mucosal injury to the esophagus

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2
Q

Other Risk Factors for GERD

A

Tobacco use, coffee drinking, alcohol consumption, gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori

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3
Q

Diet Modifications for GERD

A

Small meals
Avoid fluids during meals
Avoid coffee, tea, and chocolate

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4
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Noninflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints

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5
Q

Risk factors for Osteoarthritis

A

Older age
Female
Obesity

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6
Q

Osteoarthritis S/S

A

Pain
stiffness
Aggravated by movement
relieved by rest
morning stiffness

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7
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Thins bones to a point that the bone can’t withstand normal everyday stress

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8
Q

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

A

Low calcium
Age
lifestyle
Caucasian and Asian
underweight
medications

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9
Q

Medications for Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

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10
Q

Side Effects of Bisphosphonates

A

Can cause GI upset – give with full glass of water on empty stomach

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11
Q

Osteomalacia (RICKETS)

A

Pain, tenderness, and deformities - bowing of bones and pathologic fractures
Causes include gastrointestinal disorders, severe renal insufficiency, hyperparathyroidism, and dietary deficiency
Treatment – adding vitamin D to diet

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12
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Treatment includes immobilization of joint, pain relief, and antibiotics

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13
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone

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14
Q

Primary Tumors

A

Benign tumors are more common, generally are slow growing, and present few symptoms

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15
Q

Metastatic Bone Tumors

A

More common than primary tumors

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16
Q

Hypercalcemia S/S

A

Kidney stones
Constipation
Bone pain
Sever muscle weakness and lethargy

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17
Q

Hip Prothesis interventions

A

Positioning of the leg in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prostheses
Do not flex hip more than 90 degrees
Avoid internal rotation

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18
Q

Discharge Teaching for Bone related Surgery

A

Take pain medicine exactly as directed.
Wear the support stockings they were given in the hospital.
Tell all healthcare providers—including dentist—about their artificial joint before any procedure.
Arrange to have their staples removed around 2 weeks after surgery.

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19
Q

Acute Phase interventions for Burns

A

Fluid Resuscitation
Foley
NG to suction for more than 25% Burn

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20
Q

Complications and Collaborative Problem

A

Acute Respiratory Failure
Acute Renal Failure
Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema
Sepsis

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21
Q

Peritonitis S/S

A

Rigid severe abdomen pain
tenderness
N/V
Chills
Fever

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22
Q

Gastritis Nursing Management

A

Reduce Anxiety
Promote optimal nutrition
Discourage caffeinated beverages
no alcohol or smoking
fluid balance

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23
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

Food makes it worse
Pain is Dull and ACHY
Weight Loss
Coffee ground bright red emesis

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24
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

Food makes better
Waking up at night with pain
Gnawing pain
Normal weight
Black Tarry Stools

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25
Dumping Syndrome
Food enters the intestine too fast
26
Early symptoms of Dumping Syndrome
Swollen abdomen, nausea and diarrhea
27
Late Symptoms of Dumping Syndrome
Dizziness, sweating, weakness
28
Nursing interventions for Dumping syndrome
Monitor for complications of PUD GI Bleeding perforation obstruction
29
Patient Education for Dumping Syndrome
Eat small frequent meals Lie down for 30 minutes after eating Dont drink fluids with meals High protein and Fiber
30
Medications for Peptic Ulcers/GERD
Antiacids Mucosal Healing - Carafate H2 Receptor Blockers - Pepcid Bismuth - Pepto bis PPI's - Protonix Antibiotics
31
Hematochezia
Passage of bright red bloody stools
32
Is Hematochezia associated with upper GI bleeds or lower GI bleeds?
Lower GI bleeds
33
Nursing Care for Bariatric Patients
Postoperative Diet: Small meals monitor for dumping syndrome
34
Interventions for Gastric Cancer
Position in Fowlers position to facilitates comfort, relieves abdominal pressure and promotes gastric emptying
35
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chronic functional disorder that is more common in woman than men
36
Celiac Disease
Malabsoprtion caused by autimmune repsonse to gluten
37
Foods that contain Gluten
wheat, barley, rye, and other grains malt, dextrin, and brewer’s yeast
38
Appendicitis S/S
Abdominal pain Point of McBurney's will have the most pain Poor appetite elevated temp N/V Increased WBC Fetal position posturing rebound tenderness
39
Peritonitis S/S
Increased Heart rate increased Respirations Increased Temperature Abdominal pain abdominal distention
40
Diverticulosis
multiple diverticula without inflammation
41
Diverticulitis
infection and inflammation of diverticula
42
What causes Diverticular Disease?
Increased pressure in the colon due to constipation/straining during bowel movements
43
Diverticulitis S/S
Pain in abdomen Abdominal Bloating Unrelenting cramping pain Constipation High temperature
44
Crohn's Disease
A type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers formation in the GI tract. Affects the WHOLE bowel wall
45
Ulcerative Colitis
Causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the COLON and RECTUM
46
Ulcerative Colitis S/S
Urgent/Frequent BM Loss of weight Cramps Electrolyte imbalances (from diarrhea) Rectal bleeding Sever Diarrhea
47
Nursing interventions for Ulcerative Colitis
Vitals Hydration Monitor for peritonitis
48
Foods to avoid during a flare up
Stuff that is hard to digest Nuts, raw vegies Spicy food High fiber foods (Gut needs to rest)
49
Jaundice
Yellow- or greenish-yellow sclera and skin caused by increased serum bilirubin levels
50
Causes of Cirrhosis
Viral Infections: Hep C, B Alcohol COnsumption Bile Duct problems Obesity, hyperlipdemia
51
Cirrhosis S/S
Tremors of hands Jaundice reduced WBCs Ithcy skin spider angiomas ascites confusion or coma
52
Treatment for Ascites
Diuretics Paracentesis Bed Rest
53
Nursing Interventions for Cirrhosis
Check reflexes mental status diet glucose levels I/O monitor for bleeding
54
Hepatitis C transmission
By blood and sexual contact including needle sticks and sharing needles
55
Esophageal Varices S/S
Vomiting Bleeding Black tarry stools Lightheadedness Altered LOC Jaundice
56
Esophageal Varices
Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus
57
Treatment for Bleeding Varices
Treat for shock; administer oxygen IV fluids, electrolytes, volume expanders, blood and blood products Vasopressin, somatostatin, octreotide to decrease bleeding
58
Splenic Injuries
Fractures of the 20th and 12th ribs can be associated with underlying damage to the spleen
59
Kehr's Sign may be a sign of splenic injures
Pain in the left shoulder
60
Cullens Sign
Bruising under the umbilicus
61
Greys Turner Sign
bruising of the flanks
62
CAD Risk Factors that are Unmodifiable
Age Heredity Race Sex
63
CAD Risk Factors that are Modifiable
Cigarette Smoking High Cholesterol Hypertension Physical activity Obesity Diabetes
64
Chest Pain that is Suggestive of Ischemia
Cold sweat SOB N/V Fast or irregular heart rate numbness in hands radiating pain down neck and shoulders
65
Chest pain that is NOT due to ischemia
Sharp or knife-like pain when breathing Reproducible pain Pain that is in brief episodes
66
Atypical pain experienced by woman who have an MI
nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, fatigue, neck pain and abnormal pain location
67
Preferred and most sensitive biomarker for Myocardial infarction detection
Troponin
68
MONA (but actually AONM)
Aspirin Oxygen Nitro Morphine
69
Post Angioplasty Major Complications
Unrecognized retroperitoneal hematoma Will have persistent low back pain
70
Evidence of reperfusion by either medication, fibrolytics or surgery
ST segment normalization
71
Bundle Branch Block may be caused by
Acute coronary syndrome
72
Moderate Sedation
No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway and spontaneous ventilation is adequate
73
Nursing Assessment for Pre-Anesthetic
patients that are currently taking benzodiazepines or opiates-may impact dosing
74
Medication Consideration for determining sedation
Propofol and Ketamine are always moderate/deep sedation in any hospital in a non-intubated patient
75
Care During Sedation Rescue Capacity
Ensure immediate access to rescue equipment including crash cart BVM Suction Intubation equipment Reversal agents
76
Care During Sedation Monitoring
Continuous pulse ox Oxygen? Monitor? Suction? VS every 5 minutes during procedure Meet pre-established criteria prior to discharge
77
Opioid vs Benzo reversal
Naloxone (narcan) and Flumazenil (romazicon) must be immediately available (both are on the crash cart)
78
Immediate Interventions for Emergencies with Sedation
Stop sedation Check level of consciousness Maintain airway-Chin lift Assist ventilations with BVM Consider reversal agent Call anesthesia stat
79
What drugs would be reversed by Romazicon
Versed Valium Ativan
80
What drugs would be reversed by Narcan
Dilaudid Fentanyl Morphine
81
Post Procedure Status after sedation
Patient returns to baseline mental status and muscle control
82
Delirium Reduction
Nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce delirium in mechanically ventilated patients include use of a spontaneous awakening trial, early mobility, and avoidance of benzodiazepines.
83
Interventions for Ventilator Alarms
Troubleshoot alarms starting with the patient
84
Weaning Criteria
Acceptable ABGs Spontaneous breathing gag cough FiO2 less than 50%
85
VAP prevention
Handwashing HOB >30 Suction Oral Care
86
Right Main Stem Intubation
When the ETT is inserted too far and is only passing air through the right bronchus
87
Most reliable sign of increased ICP
Decreased LOC
88
Battle's Sign
Bruising behind the ear
89
Halo Sign
CSF forms halo around drop of blood
90
Meniere's Disease
Abnormal inner ear fluid balance caused by malabsorption or blockage
91
Acoustic Neuroma
Slow growing, benign, tumors of CN VII usually unilateral
92
Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune Disorder affecting the myoneural junction
93
Myasthenia Gravis Treatment
IVIG
94
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Acute, Rapid demyelination of peripheral nerves and some cranial nerves
95
When does Guillain-Barre Syndrome usually occur
After a recent Viral infection
96
Parkinsons S/S
Resting tremors bradykinesia, postural instability
97
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Damage to the pathways that connect the different areas of the brain
98
Normal ICP Range
0-15
99
CPP Formula
MAP - ICP = CPP
100
MAP =
1/3 (SBP - DBP) + DBP
101
DDD Pacing
Most physiological

340 Final (3 decks)

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