Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psyc 2301 > final exam practice test cards > Flashcards

final exam practice test cards Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of the term scientific method as it is used in the field of psychology?

A

A.testing a hypothesis about mental processes and behavior by collecting and analyzing data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Susan wants to learn more about children’s aggressive behavior. She decides to watch children interact on a park
playground and count the number of aggressive acts that occur over a one-hour period. Which research method is
Susan using?

A

C. naturalistic observation method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A psychologist who wants to compile detailed information about individuals with brain injuries should probably use
the _____________ method to study them.

A

B.case study method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dr. Smith conducted a survey of his students’ political beliefs. He later published the results and claimed that they
applied to all college students in the United States. What’s wrong with Dr. Smith’s conclusion?

A

C. The students in his PSYC 2301 class may not be a representative sample of all college students in the United States.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is called the ______________ variable.

A

D.independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the independent variable?

A

A.the type of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the dependent variable?

A

C.the dogs’ weight at the end of the study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which group of dogs was the experimental group?

A

C. The dogs who ate organic food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why did the veterinarian randomly assign the dogs to groups?

A

C. to minimize differences between the two groups that might affect their weights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In a follow-up study, the veterinarian asked dog owners what type of food they fed their pets. She grouped the dogs’
weights according to the types of foods their owners said they ate. She found that dogs who ate canned food weighed
about 10% more than those who ate dry food.

The follow-up study used the ____________ method

A

B. correlational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can the veterinarian conclude that canned food causes obesity in dogs?

A

B. no, because the type of study she did can’t be used to identify cause-effect relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship between two variables?

A

C. +.30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ______________ perspective emphasizes reasoning, thinking, and memory processes.

A

C. cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The junction where neurons communicate with one another is called the ____________.

A

D. synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an action potential?

A

B. a change in a neuron’s electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A neurotransmitter is

A

A. a chemical that influences whether an impulse is passed on from one neuron to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of these structures is in the brain stem?

A

D.the medulla and pons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The hypothalamus

A

B. regulates your sex drive, body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which structure is responsible for the storage of long-term memories?

A

D.hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name of the structure that connects the two halves of the cerebral cortex?

A

A. corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

______________ skills are associated with the left cerebral hemisphere.

A

B. language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alicia is trying to decide on a topic for a research paper. Which part of the brain is she using?

A

D.the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The diagnostic instrument that shows electrical activity in the brain is the

A

D.EEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of these causes you to have a startle response when you hear a sudden loud noise?

A

C. peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In most cases, children recover from brain injuries more rapidly than adults do. One reason for this difference is that
children’s brains have more ________________ than adults’ brains do.

A

A.plasticity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are axons?

A

B. fibers of varying lengths that extend from a neuron’s cell body and transmit messages to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the following are part of the endocrine system?

A

A.glands that secrete hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Classical conditioning occurs when

A

A. a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response as a result of being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In one of Pavlov’s conditioning experiments, the dog learned to salivate in response to only one specific musical tone.
What was happening?

A

A.discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Reinforcing step-by-step improvements in behavior until the desired response is obtained is called

A

B.shaping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Whenever Lucy misses a call from her boyfriend, she sends him a text message. Her boyfriend used to call her back
when he missed her calls, but he has started texting her instead. What type of learning has changed Lucy’s boyfriend’s
behavior?

A

B. observational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Reinforcement is any consequence that

A

C. increases behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In order to be effective, punishment must

A

B. be applied soon after the behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

According to Bandura’s observational learning theory, which of the following is a model?

A

D. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which of the following sequences is likely to result in classical conditioning?

A

A.Neutral stimulus followed by unconditioned stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ms. Radziwill uses the principles of operant conditioning to encourage her students to finish their work on time. Ms.
Radziwill is using

A

D. behavior modification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Albert Bandura demonstrated that children learn aggressive behavior from models in a study in which a(n)
___________________ was used.

A

B. inflated clown doll called “Bobo”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The three memory processes proposed by information-processing theory are

A

C. encoding, storage, and retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

According to the information processing approach, information proceeds through the memory system in which order?

A

A. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ludwig is getting ready to take a psychology test. As he studies, information is being processed by his
_______________ memory.

A

B. working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which of the following is stored in your semantic memory?

A

B. the name of the capital of Hawaii

42
Q

Professor Jones often gives short pop quizzes. The questions on the quizzes are fill-in-the-blank. Which type of
memory do such questions measure?

A

A. recall

43
Q

Interference theory proposes that forgetting due to interference can occur in

A

D. any of the three memory systems—sensory, short-term, or long-term

44
Q

Repression is a type of _______________ forgetting.

A

A. motivated

45
Q

Research on reconstructive memory suggests that memories are

A

B. pieced together with both accurate and inaccurate parts.

46
Q

According to the principles of memory function, which of these students is most likely to be able to remember the
information s/he needs while taking an exam?

A

B. Lina, who prepares for an exam by studying one to two hours a day over a three-week period

47
Q

Which of the following is the final stage of prenatal development?

A

A. fetal

48
Q

What is a zygote?

A

B. a single-celled organism that results when an egg is fertilized

49
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with

A

B. physical and mental abnormalities

50
Q

The emotional connection that develops between an infant and his/her caregiver is called

A

D. attachment

51
Q

Research suggests that gender role stereotypes and related ideas about gender are probably

A

B. learned from parents, peers, books, movies, and other sources in the environment.

52
Q

A small child is labeled as “insecurely attached” by Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test. How is this child likely to
behave and be perceived when she grows older?

A

C. more isolated and lonely with poorer social skills.

53
Q

The preoperational stage is the _____________ stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.

A

B. second

54
Q

According to Piaget, the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even if they can’t be seen develops during
the

A

A. sensorimotor stage.

55
Q

Piaget proposed that the capacity for ________________ develops during the formal operational stage.

A

B. hypothetical reasoning.

56
Q

A seven-year-old boy is learning to read. According to Erikson, learning to read will help him achieve a positive
outcome of the ______________ psychosocial stage.

A

A. industry versus inferiority

57
Q

According to research on Baumrind’s parenting styles, a parent whose children are likely to be confident and have
good social skills is one who is:

A

A. authoritative.

58
Q

Which of the following influences moral decisions at Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development?

A

C. concrete rewards and punishments

59
Q

Which statement is true about the influence of heredity on Alzheimer’s disease?

A

B. Heredity probably contributes to the disease.

60
Q

Piaget argued that cognitive development involves

A

C. a series of stages through which all children pass.

61
Q

According to Piaget, children learn to use language proficiently during the ___________ stage.

A

B. preoperational

62
Q

According to Erikson, one of the central questions of middle adulthood is __________________.

A

B. “How can I help future generations?”

63
Q

During the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, _____.

A

D. the body fights the stressor

64
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder?

A

B. flashbacks

65
Q

Floyd has recently lost his job. Which of the following is an emotion-focused method of coping that might help him
reduce the adverse effects of stress?

A

B. meditating

66
Q

A characteristic that may be present in individuals who lack the ability to bounce back from stress is

A

C. the belief that they have little or no control over what happens to them

67
Q

The ___________________ is based on the assumption that varying levels of stress are associated with negative and
positive life events.

A

B. Social Readjustment Rating Scale

68
Q

Researchers in the field of psychoneuroimmunology

A

A. study the effects of psychological factors on the body’s resistance to disease.

69
Q

One reason for the connection between stress and illness is that stress

A

B. causes the body to release hormones like corticosteroids that affect the immune system.

70
Q

According to Freud, which of the following resides at the level of the preconscious?

A

B. memories that are easily accessible

71
Q

The principle by which the ego operates is called the _____ principle.

A

A. reality

72
Q

Myra lost her job and said to herself, “I needed to get out of that job anyway. Now I can find something better.” Myra
is using the defense mechanism of _____________.

A

B. rationalization

73
Q

According to Freud, personality develops in a series of

A

B. psychosexual stages

74
Q

Personality is strongly influenced by role models and behavioral consequences according to _____.

A

C. learning theorists

75
Q

Which group of personality theorists view humans as innately good?

A

C. humanistic

76
Q

Twin studies are important in the study of the _________________ of personality.

A

C. behavioral genetics

77
Q

You took a personality test, and the results indicated that you are very outgoing. On which of these approaches to
personality is the test probably based?

A

C. five-factor or Big Five (trait) theory

78
Q

Gray took a personality test that included over one hundred objective questions about his preferences and behaviors.
The test was probably a(n)

A

A. self-report inventory

79
Q

Which type of test asks people to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli?

A

D. projective

80
Q

According to Albert Bandura’s social learning (social cognitive) theory of personality, a person who believes that s/he
can accomplish goals has ________________.

A

B. self-efficacy

81
Q

Kevin found a wallet under a desk in his psychology classroom that contained fifty dollars in cash and several credit
cards. According to Freud, what part of his personality will urge him to keep the cash but turn in the wallet?

A

B. ego

82
Q

Barbie experienced shortness of breath when she thought about the prospect of failing her psychology test. She feared
she was having a heart attack and asked her roommate to take her to the emergency room. Barbie was probably
experiencing a(n) __________________.

A

B. panic attack

83
Q

Even though Beth has over a hundred decorative china teacups, she cannot stop herself from buying more of them at
yard sales and flea markets. This pattern resembles the disorder known as:

A

C. obsessive compulsive disorder.

84
Q

Which of the following disorders is sometimes called “split personality”?

A

B. dissociative identity disorder

85
Q

Hallucinations, delusions, loosely associated thoughts, and disordered speech are ________________ symptoms of
schizophrenia.

A

A. positive

86
Q

Inappropriate affect and lack of attention to personal hygiene are _______________ symptoms of schizophrenia.

A

D. negative

87
Q

Which of these is a symptom of bipolar disorder?

A

A.extreme mood swings

88
Q

Extreme, inflexible maladaptive traits are characteristic of

A

C. personality disorders.

89
Q

Which of these is a risk factor for suicide?

A

B. having a close family member who committed suicide

90
Q

Lucille is the treasurer of the high school football team’s parent organization. From time to time, she submits false
receipts in order to divert the group’s funds to her personal bank account. She justifies this behavior as “getting paid
for all of the work it takes to do this job.” Lucille may have

A

B. antisocial personality disorder.

91
Q

Schizophrenia is probably caused by

A

C. combined effects of heredity and experience.

92
Q

A counselor works with prison inmates. She has found that many of them have symptoms of antisocial personality
disorder. In other words, they could be described as

A

C. selfish and lacking the capacity to feel guilt and remorse.

93
Q

Which of these is more common among females than males?

A

A. major depressive disorder

94
Q

To be classified as “abnormal,” a behavior must be

A

A. maladaptive

95
Q

Definitions, symptoms, and diagnoses for psychological disorders are found in the

A

A. DSM-5.

96
Q

Which of these disorders is characterized by feelings of deep despair that interfere with an individual’s occupational,
educational, and social functioning?

A

B.major depressive disorder

97
Q

A _______________ is a mental health professional with a medical degree.

A

D. psychiatrist

98
Q

A cognitive therapist is most likely to do which of the following?

A

B. help a client change negative thoughts about situations that make him anxious.

99
Q

A behavioral therapist is most likely to do which of the following?

A

C. ask a client to view films of other people who are relaxed in anxiety-provoking situations.

100
Q

Self-actualization refers to

A

C. achieving one’s full potential.

psyc 2301 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions