Final Exam Prep Flashcards by Humphrey Asante

According to Robin DiAngelo, on occasions where so-called progressive Whites may not respond with anger, they might insulate themselves. DiAngelo argues that these reactions function not only as resistance but is also the result of reduced psychological trauma which racial insulation inculcates. She calls this lack of racial stamina_________

a) Lack of anger management
b) Incorrect Response Absence of empathy
c) Stereotype and prejudice issues
d) White Fragility

d) White Fragility

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According to Robin DiAngelo, how might so-called progressive whites insulate themselves from engaging with the content about racism?

a) By actively participating in discussions
b) Incorrect Response By openly expressing their discomfort
c) By claiming they are already knowledgeable about the topic
d) Racial Bias

c) By claiming they are already knowledgeable about the topic

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What term refers to the inability of white people to handle race-based stress due to living in a social environment that protects them from racial discomfort and reinforces expectations of racial comfort?

a) Bias Projection
b) Racialization
c) White fragility
d) Prejudicial Labeling

c) White fragility

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White Fragility

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Define White Fragility,? Written Format

Refers to the inability of white people to handle race-based stress due to living in a social environment that protects them from racial discomfort and reinforces expectations of racial comfort.

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In Robin DiAngelo’s White Fragility, when an educational program directly addresses racism and the privileging of Whites, typical responses are all of these EXCEPT?

a) Guilt and argumentation
b) Acceptance, joy and enthusiasm
c) Emotional incapacitation,
d) Anger and withdrawal

b) Acceptance, joy and enthusiasm

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What does Dr. Robin DiAngelo suggest for white people to combat white fragility and improve their engagement with race?

A) They should avoid discussions about race to reduce discomfort.

B) They should build the stamina to sustain conscious and explicit engagement with race. Meaning Learned behaviour can be un-learned

C) They should focus on individual behavior rather than systemic issues.

D) They should ignore racial dynamics and focus on personal development.

B) They should build the stamina to sustain conscious and explicit engagement with race. Meaning Learned behaviour can be un-learned

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Who coined the term “white fragility”?

A) Ibram X. Kendi
B) Robin DiAngelo
C) Ta-Nehisi Coates
D) Michelle Alexander

B) Robin DiAngelo

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Is “reverse racism” real, according to Robin DiAngelo?

A) Yes, racism can flow back and forth between whites and people of color.

B) Yes, racism is fluid and can benefit any racial group at different times.

C) No, racism is not fluid in the U.S. and benefits white people due to a long-standing power dynamic.

D) No, racism is not a significant issue in the U.S. anymore.

C) No, racism is not fluid in the U.S. and benefits white people due to a long-standing power dynamic.

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What does Robin DiAngelo suggest about the foundation of American wealth?

A) American wealth was built through the contributions of immigrants from Europe.

B) American wealth was built on the labor of kidnapped and enslaved Africans and their descendants.

C) American wealth was built through natural resources and industrialization alone.

D) American wealth was primarily driven by technological advancements in the 20th century.

B) American wealth was built on the labor of kidnapped and enslaved Africans and their descendants.

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What does Robin DiAngelo argue about the foundational principle of the United States?

A) The U.S. was built on the principle that “all people are created
equal,” but this principle was not applied to everyone.

B) The U.S. was built on the principle that only White people are created equal.

C) The U.S. was built on the principle that “all people are created equal” and applied to all citizens equally.

D) The U.S. was built on the principle of strict racial segregation.

A) The U.S. was built on the principle that “all people are created
equal,” but this principle was not applied to everyone.

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A White colleague reacts angrily after being told that their comment about a minority employee was racially insensitive, saying, “I can’t believe you would say that about me! I’m not a racist!” According to Dr. DiAngelo, what is this reaction an example of?

A) A healthy, open dialogue about race.

B) White fragility, where any challenge to their racial views is met with anger and defensiveness.

C) A productive response to acknowledge one’s mistakes.

D) A typical response from someone who is committed to anti-racism.

B) White fragility, where any challenge to their racial views is met with anger and defensiveness.

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During a conversation about systemic racism, a White person says, “I’ve never personally discriminated against anyone, so I don’t see why this is an issue.” How does Dr. DiAngelo interpret this statement?

A) As a sign that the individual is actively engaging in anti-racism work.

B) As an expression of white fragility, focusing on individual actions rather than the systemic nature of racism.

C) As an acknowledgment of the importance of examining history.

D) As an invitation to explore the complexities of racial issues.

B) As an expression of white fragility, focusing on individual actions rather than the systemic nature of racism.

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A White person in a group conversation about race insists, “I don’t think race matters anymore. We’re all equal now.” According to Dr. DiAngelo’s perspective on white fragility, what does this statement reflect?

A) A progressive understanding of racial equality.

B) A denial of the ongoing existence of systemic racism, minimizing the importance of race in today’s society.

C) A mature recognition of the work still needed to address racial inequality.

D) A helpful and open-minded approach to solving racial issues.

B) A denial of the ongoing existence of systemic racism, minimizing the importance of race in today’s society.

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How do politicians often use migration in their campaigns?

A) To promote economic growth and innovation
B) To secure votes by politicizing migration
C) To improve healthcare access
D) To address labor shortages in key industries

B) To secure votes by politicizing migration

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How do politicians often use migration in their campaigns?

To secure votes by politicizing migration

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What is one argument in favor of migration to counter anti-immigration sentiments?

A) Migration leads to higher unemployment rates
B) Immigrants often do jobs that native-born citizens refuse to do
C) Immigrants drain the resources of the nation
D) Migration weakens the labor market

B) Immigrants often do jobs that native-born citizens refuse to do

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What is one argument in favor of migration to counter anti-immigration sentiments?

Immigrants often do jobs that native-born citizens refuse to do

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How does migration contribute to the educational landscape of a nation?

A) Immigrants provide unskilled labor that lowers education standards

B) Many immigrants, especially from Africa, hold a Bachelor’s Degree or higher

C) Immigrants decrease educational opportunities for local students

D) Migration leads to a decrease in the quality of education

B) Many immigrants, especially from Africa, hold a Bachelor’s Degree or higher

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What was a historical example of exclusionary policies targeting certain immigrant groups?

A) The Immigration Act of 1990
B) The Chinese Exclusion Act in the U.S
C) The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
D) The Civil Rights Act of 1964

B) The Chinese Exclusion Act in the U.S

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What was a historical example of exclusionary policies targeting certain immigrant groups?

The Chinese Exclusion Act in the U.S

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Which of the following is a stereotype about immigrants from the colonial periphery that people in Europe and North America may have?

A) They are all highly educated
B) They contribute positively to the economy
C) They are seen as a threat to the nation’s ‘white and Christian’ identity
D) They only take jobs in high-demand sectors

C) They are seen as a threat to the nation’s ‘white and Christian’ identity

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What is one way to combat anti-immigration sentiments according to the previous class discussions and notes?

A) Ignore the issue as it is unlikely to change
B) Focus on how migration benefits both the economy and society
C) Deny the existence of racism and stereotypes
D) Only accept highly-skilled immigrants

B) Focus on how migration benefits both the economy and society

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What does migration provide in terms of labor?

A) Only unskilled workers
B) Only skilled workers
C) Both skilled and unskilled workers
D) No significant impact on the labor market

C) Both skilled and unskilled workers

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What should we remember when addressing anti-immigration sentiments in society? A) That the economy will suffer without migrants B) That migration brings solutions to the nation’s demographic and labor market challenges C) That all immigrants are unskilled workers D) That migration is harmful to national identity

B) That migration brings solutions to the nation’s demographic and labor market challenges

What did John Porter argue in The Vertical Mosaic? A) Canada is a purely achievement-based society B) There is no link between cultural group membership and power C) Membership in cultural groups is linked to class position and power D) Ethnic disparities in Canada are minimal

C) Membership in cultural groups is linked to class position and power

What did John Porter argue in The Vertical Mosaic?

Membership in cultural groups is linked to class position and power

What is the "charter groups" concept in The Vertical Mosaic? A) Groups that hold the lowest positions in Canadian society B) British and French groups holding higher positions of power C) Groups arriving in Canada after 1965 D) Indigenous communities in Canada

B) British and French groups holding higher positions of power

What is the "charter groups" concept in The Vertical Mosaic?

British and French groups holding higher positions of power

What evidence supports the claim of ethnic occupational convergence in Canada? A) Visible minorities now earn more than white Canadians. B) There is a general decrease in the ethnic hierarchy of occupational status over time. C) Ethnic disparities in earnings have disappeared. D) Ethnic disparities have increased among visible minorities.

B) There is a general decrease in the ethnic hierarchy of occupational status over time.

What does the “colour-coded vertical mosaic” argue? A) Racial disparities in income no longer exist in Canada. B) Racialized individuals receive equal earnings as their white counterparts. C) Canada’s occupational structure is now stratified based on race. D) Visible minorities earn more than non-visible minorities.

C) Canada’s occupational structure is now stratified based on race.

In what year was the first head tax introduced in Canada, set at $50 per person, and why was it implemented? A) 1987 – The head tax was not implemented in this year; by 1987, such policies had long been abolished. B) 1800 – This date is far too early, as the head tax was introduced during the late 19th century. C) 1944 – By 1944, Canada was involved in World War II, and policies like the head tax were no longer in use. D) 1885 – The head tax was introduced in 1885 to discourage Chinese immigration after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, reflecting discriminatory attitudes of the time.

D) 1885 – The head tax was introduced in 1885 to discourage Chinese immigration after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, reflecting discriminatory attitudes of the time.

In what year was the first head tax introduced in Canada, set at $50 per person, and why was it implemented?

D) 1885 – The head tax was introduced in 1885 to discourage Chinese immigration after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, reflecting discriminatory attitudes of the time.

Despite the Chinese making up only 0.002% of the United States’ population at the time, Congress passed which act to placate worker demands and address concerns about maintaining White racial purity? A) Immigration Restriction Act B) Chinese Exclusion Act C) Alien and Sedition Act D) Racial Integrity Act

B) Chinese Exclusion Act

What was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States, which specifically targeted and forbade Chinese migration? A) Immigration Act of 1924 B) Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 C) Naturalization Act of 1790 D) Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

B) Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

What was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States, which specifically targeted and forbade Chinese migration?

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

The plantation system lasted for about 400 years, from the 1500s to the 1800s. Its end in the 19th century coincided with the growth of Western Industrialization, also known as the: A) Agricultural Revolution B) Technological Boom C) Industrial Revolution D) Enlightenment Era

C) Industrial Revolution

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 allowed Chinese immigrants to freely migrate to the U.S. A)True B)False

A)True

Which countries have scholars argued were propelled into positions of global economic leadership by plantation slavery? A) Spain, Portugal, and Italy B) England, France, and the U.S. C) Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands D) Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

B) England, France, and the U.S.

The capital and profit earned in which system was reinvested into technology and various industries to generate more wealth and prosperity? A) Feudal system B) Agricultural system C) Plantation system D) Industrial system

C) Plantation system

The capital and profit earned in which system was reinvested into technology and various industries to generate more wealth and prosperity?

Plantation system

Who authored the book that argued there is a relationship between membership in a cultural group and class position in multicultural societies, highlighting unequal representation of ethnic groups in the occupational structure and the importance of immigration and ethnic affiliation to class formation in Canada? A) Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto B) John Porter, The Vertical Mosaic C) Pierre Trudeau, Federalism and the French Canadians D) Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

B) John Porter, The Vertical Mosaic

Explain John Porter argument in “The Vertical Mosaic”?

Argued there is a relationship between membership in a cultural group and class position in multicultural societies, highlighting unequal representation of ethnic groups in the occupational structure and the importance of immigration and ethnic affiliation to class formation in Canada.

In John Porter's book The Vertical Mosaic, his findings on "Less preferred" groups referred to which of the following? A) Groups that were assimilated into Canadian society more quickly B) Groups that arrived in Canada later than the charter groups and were relegated to "entrance group" status C) Groups that held higher positions of power in the social and economic realms D) Groups that were granted special privileges in the Canadian immigration system

B) Groups that arrived in Canada later than the charter groups and were relegated to "entrance group" status

In John Porter's book The Vertical Mosaic, his findings on "Less preferred" groups referred to which of the following?

Groups that arrived in Canada later than the charter groups and were relegated to "entrance group" status

In John Porter's book The Vertical Mosaic, his findings on ethnic affiliation suggest that it could result in which of the following? A) Increased social mobility for all ethnic groups B) Blocked social mobility for certain groups C) Equal representation of all ethnic groups in the occupational structure D) Ethnic affiliation having no effect on social mobility

B) Blocked social mobility for certain groups

In John Porter's book The Vertical Mosaic, his findings on ethnic affiliation suggest that it could result in which of the following?

Blocked social mobility for certain groups

In John Porter's book The Vertical Mosaic, his findings on the British, as a charter group, suggest that they were: A) More powerful than the French B) Equal in power to the French C) Less powerful than the French D) Unaffected by ethnic affiliation

A) More powerful than the French

In John Porter's book The Vertical Mosaic, his findings on the British, as a charter group, suggest that they were:

More powerful than the French

What are some of the obstacles Black children and teens face in schools, according to discussions on systemic challenges? A) Equal disciplinary treatment of all students B) Disproportionate discipline of Black students C) Inclusion of Black history and perspectives in the curriculum D) Absence of academic streaming

B) Disproportionate discipline of Black students

How does academic streaming affect Black students in schools? A) It provides advanced opportunities for all students. B) It begins as early as kindergarten and can limit opportunities for Black students. C) It ensures equal access to higher education tracks. D) It is applied equally across all racial groups.

B) It begins as early as kindergarten and can limit opportunities for Black students.

What role does disproportionate discipline play in the educational experience of Black students? A) It promotes fairness and equality in schools. B) It discourages systemic inequality. C) It perpetuates racial disparities and stigmatizes students. D) It ensures a balanced and inclusive environment.

C) It perpetuates racial disparities and stigmatizes students.

What critical issues does Robyn Maynard's recounting of the incident involving a six-year-old Black girl being handcuffed by police officers highlight? A) The effectiveness of school discipline policies in maintaining safety. B) The disproportionate response and racial bias in the treatment of Black children. C) The legality of using handcuffs on children in schools. D) The importance of police presence in educational settings

B) The disproportionate response and racial bias in the treatment of Black children.

According to Robyn Maynard, which of the following statements about formal schooling and Anti-Blackness is true? A) It is the only socialization tool available to children from kindergarten to Grade 12 B) Though education is seen as a “public good” and is allegedly race neutral, informal practices throughout the school systems in Canada continue to stream students based on race C) Teachers alone are responsible for high drop-out rates of Black students D) White youth continue to be disproportionately streamed into lower education tracks as a result of both individual prejudice and systemic factors.

B) Though education is seen as a “public good” and is allegedly race neutral, informal practices throughout the school systems in Canada continue to stream students based on race

What disparities in education for Black students in Canadian public schools are highlighted by Cameron and Jefferies (2021) and Funke Aladejebi (2021)? A) Black students are more likely to excel in academic streams than their peers. B) Black students receive education that is largely equal to their peers. C) Black students are under-represented in gifted programming and over-represented in basic-level programming. D) Black students have the highest graduation rates compared to other racialized groups.

C) Black students are under-represented in gifted programming and over-represented in basic-level programming.

What term does Robyn Maynard use to describe the practice of placing students into different educational tracks, which she argues perpetuates inequality and disproportionately affects Black students? A) Academic labelling B) Streaming C) Tracking D) Segregation

Streaming

What term does Robyn Maynard use to describe the practice of placing students into different educational tracks, which she argues perpetuates inequality and disproportionately affects Black students?

Streaming

According to Robyn Maynard, how does streaming affect Black students in Toronto schools? A) Black students make up 50% of those labelled "gifted." B) Black students make up 13% of the student body but only 3% of those labelled "gifted." C) Black students are overrepresented in gifted programs. D) Black students are equally distributed across all tracks.

B) Black students make up 13% of the student body but only 3% of those labelled "gifted."

What does the term 'universalism' imply when discussing racism, according to DiAngelo? A) Denial of the relevance of race. B) Acknowledgment of unique racial experiences. C) Promotion of multicultural recognition. D) A critique of individual perspectives.

A) Denial of the relevance of race.

Although racism is systemic and in everyday life, in what way might we begin to undo racism? a). There is nothing anyone can do about racism. We all just must silently live with it. b). We can continue to perpetuate microaggressions since Black people and people of colour have 'thick skin' and just need to keep dealing with these issues. c). The only way to undo racism is to consistently identify and describe it--- and then dismantle it. d). We have no business speaking about racism and we must allow it to evaporate naturally.

c). The only way to undo racism is to consistently identify and describe it--- and then dismantle it.

The internet has been described as the second most important communication revolution in history. A)True B)False

A)True

Research has shown that racialized groups face disadvantages especially in the areas of income, employment, and housing but these do not necessarily lead to poor health outcomes A) True B) False

B) False

One reason that the internet has become a space for organized racism is? A) because everyone pays to use the internet, so they are free to do as they please B) because of the anonymity of the internet and social media. C) because governments are trying to limit freedom of speech online D) because the internet was created as a new platform to fuel hate

B) because of the anonymity of the internet and social media.

The media is powerful in telling us not simply what to think but what to think about. Black people and people of color are routinely presented as the following, EXCEPT: A) Welfare recipients B) Staggeringly poor C) Loving and present fathers D) Absentee fathers

C) Loving and present fathers

What is the name of the school Funke Aladejebi (2021) highlights, which opened in 2009 following years of advocacy and public debates? A) Toronto Africentric Academy B) Toronto Africentric Alternative School C) Toronto Equality School D) Canadian Centre for Multicultural Education

B) Toronto Africentric Alternative School

What historical context does Funke Aladejebi (2021) provide regarding formal schooling systems in Canada? A) They have always emphasized equality and inclusion. B) Racism and segregation are deeply embedded in their institutional fabric. C) They were designed to promote multicultural learning from their inception. D) Separate schooling systems were abolished in the early 20th century.

B) Racism and segregation are deeply embedded in their institutional fabric.

What form of racism suggests that racism today is masked behind socially accepted ideologies and language, which includes negative views about racialized groups without referring to race or colour? A) systemic Racism B) Institutional Racism C) Democratic Racism D) New Racism

D) New Racism

Why was the Toronto Africentric Alternative School controversial when it opened in 2009, according to Funke Aladejebi? A) Concerns about curriculum quality. B) Debates about its disconnect from multicultural learning practices. C) Disagreements over its location. D) Lack of support from community members.

B) Debates about its disconnect from multicultural learning practices.

What is the name of the act that permitted the establishment of separate schools for Black families and also gave way to racial segregation in Ontario? A) The Racial Segregation Act of 1850 B) The Separate Schools Act of 1850 C) The Common School Act of 1850 D) The Educational Equality Act of 1850

C) The Common School Act of 1850

What is the name of the act that permitted the establishment of separate schools for Black families and also gave way to racial segregation in Ontario?

The Common School Act of 1850

Which act justified the exclusion of Black students from public schools and allowed white community members to force them into separate institutions?

The Common School Act of 1850

How has racism in sports been demonstrated at both the individual and organizational levels? A) Through the selection of team mascots, limited positions for certain players, and lack of diversity in coaching and management. B) By implementing stricter rules for fans and players who exhibit racist behavior. C) Through harsher penalties for teams with racially insensitive names. D) By promoting players and coaches based on performance alone.

A) Through the selection of team mascots, limited positions for certain players, and lack of diversity in coaching and management.

When did the second Black player make it to the NHL? A) 1938 B) 1958 C) 1974 D) 1980

C) 1974

What was the term coined by Ruth Frankenbery (1993) specifically describing it as muti-dimensional?

Whiteness

How does Ruth Frankenbery Define the idea of "Whiteness?"

Describe it as multidimensional

What does segregation contribute to in the context of white fragility? A) Increased diversity B) Lack of awareness about racism C) Equal opportunities for all D) Overrepresentation in media

B) Lack of awareness about racism

What term describes the phenomenon where physical, representational, and informational divides create a "bubble of whiteness," restricting authentic knowledge about racism? A) Universalism B) Segregation C) Individualism D) Racial Belonging

B) Segregation

Define Segregation?

Describes the phenomenon where physical, representational, and informational divides create a "bubble of whiteness," restricting authentic knowledge about racism.

What does the term "Racial Coding" mean? A) Direct discussions about systemic racism B) Using terms like "urban" or "disadvantaged" to avoid addressing race or privilege C) Analyzing privilege through multicultural training programs D) Addressing whiteness in education

B) Using terms like "urban" or "disadvantaged" to avoid addressing race or privilege

Define Race Coding?

Racial Coding: Terms like "urban" or "disadvantaged" replace direct discussions of whiteness or privilege

What is a significant impact of Racial Coding, according to DiAngelo? A) It creates inclusive spaces for marginalized groups. B) It perpetuates racist images and avoids systemic discussions of privilege. C) It improves multicultural training programs. D) It eradicates stereotypes in systemic structures.

B) It perpetuates racist images and avoids systemic discussions of privilege.

Which term encompasses the ideas of structural advantage and race privilege, a standpoint influencing societal perceptions, and cultural practices that remain unnamed and unmarked? A) Racial Coding B) Whiteness C) Systemic Racism D) Multiculturalism

B) Whiteness

Define Universalism?

Universalism denies the significance of race, perpetuating the illusion of equal experiences and opportunities.

What term refers to denying the significance of race and perpetuating the illusion of equal experiences and opportunities for all? A) Individualism B) Universalism C) Segregation D) Racial Belonging

B) Universalism

"Good schools" and "good neighborhoods" are often coded as "white-only" spaces, reinforcing the idea that what term is inherently superior? A) Diversity B) Whiteness C) Equality D) Individualism

B) Whiteness

What is the "Vertical Mosaic," according to John Porter? a. A term describing the equal integration of all ethnic groups into Canadian society b. A system of racial harmony in Canadian institutions c. A concept highlighting the unequal representation of cultural groups in social and occupational hierarchies d. A cultural framework supporting the abolition of systemic racism

c. A concept highlighting the unequal representation of cultural groups in social and occupational hierarchies

What is one way in which systemic racism affects healthcare outcomes for Black Canadians? a. Increased access to universal healthcare services b. Systemic discrimination and under-treatment in medical settings c. Equal distribution of healthcare resources d. Overrepresentation of Black physicians in healthcare

b. Systemic discrimination and under-treatment in medical settings

10. What does institutional racism in universities often involve? a. Clear and unbiased academic practices b. Systemic biases in content and standards shaped by historical whiteness c. Equal treatment of all faculty and students regardless of race d. A racially neutral admission process

b. Systemic biases in content and standards shaped by historical whiteness

What is the definition of under-policing? a) Police taking excessive measures in minority communities when crimes occur b) Police ignoring crimes or failing to conduct thorough investigations in minority communities when they are victims of crime c) Police enforcing strict laws to maintain order in minority communities d) Police documenting individuals not suspected of any crime

b) Police ignoring crimes or failing to conduct thorough investigations in minority communities when they are victims of crime

What is the definition of under-policing?

Police ignoring crimes or failing to conduct thorough investigations in minority communities when they are victims of crime

What is an example of under-policing? a) Over-representation of Black individuals in carding/street checks b) Systemic bias in investigations of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls c) Police documenting individuals who are not suspected of crimes d) Increased surveillance of minority communities

b) Systemic bias in investigations of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

What is the definition of over-policing? a) Police disproportionately targeting minority communities as perpetrators of crime b) Police failing to investigate crimes in minority communities c) Ensuring strict compliance with law in all communities equally d) Police conducting excessive street checks only in affluent neighborhoods

a) Police disproportionately targeting minority communities as perpetrators of crime

What is the definition of over-policing?

Police disproportionately targeting minority communities as perpetrators of crime

What is an example of over-policing? a) Ignoring the cases of missing Indigenous women b) Increased carding and street checks of Black and Indigenous individuals c) Police conducting minimal investigations in wealthy neighborhoods d) Disregarding systemic bias in police investigations

b) Increased carding and street checks of Black and Indigenous individuals

What was the significance of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 regarding Africa? a. It ended the transatlantic slave trade. b. It partitioned Africa among European powers for colonial exploitation. c. It established Africa as a free trade zone. d. It created policies to end racial discrimination globally.

b. It partitioned Africa among European powers for colonial exploitation.

What were some of the criticisms of John Porter’s "Vertical Mosaic" discussed in class? a) Porter focused too much on class and ignored the importance of ethnicity and race in class formations. b) Porter argued that Canada has achieved full equality across all cultural and racial groups. c) Porter believed that race had no impact on immigration status or social mobility. d) Porter emphasized only economic factors while neglecting social structures.

a) Porter focused too much on class and ignored the importance of ethnicity and race in class formations.

Which of the following best describes the concept of "racial belonging"? a. A deep sense of inclusion experienced equally by all racial groups b. A privilege where white individuals feel unconsciously included in societal structures c. A universal experience of cultural acceptance d. A policy designed to ensure racial diversity

b. A privilege where white individuals feel unconsciously included in societal structures

How did the Plantation System contribute to the Industrial Revolution? a. By introducing advanced agricultural machinery b. By reinvesting profits from forced labor into industrial development c. By abolishing the use of slave labor d. By reducing the global demand for goods

b. By reinvesting profits from forced labor into industrial development

What historical policy restricted Chinese immigration into Canada until after World War II? a. Chinese Immigration Act b. Canadian Multiculturalism Act c. Chinese Exclusion Act d. Immigration Reform Act

a. Chinese Immigration Act

What historical policy restricted Chinese immigration into Canada until after World War II?

Chinese Immigration Act

What was the main argument of the “New Colour-Coded Vertical Mosaic” thesis? a. Economic disparities among ethnic groups have decreased significantly. b. Race is now a fundamental basis for income inequality in Canada. c. Visible minorities earn more than their white counterparts. d. All racialized groups experience equal opportunities.

b. Race is now a fundamental basis for income inequality in Canada.

Which factor is cited as perpetuating health inequities for Black communities? a. Underrepresentation in healthcare professions b. Systemic discrimination in healthcare institutions c. Lack of cultural preferences for healthcare d. Overrepresentation in urban areas

b. Systemic discrimination in healthcare institutions

What does the term “anti-Blackness” most specifically refer to? a. Generalized racial prejudice b. Specific forms of discrimination and systemic bias targeting Black people c. The belief in universal equality d. Cultural misunderstanding

b. Specific forms of discrimination and systemic bias targeting Black people

What was the outcome of the Africentric Alternative School in Toronto? a. Decline in standardized test scores among Black students b. Above-average performance in reading, writing, and math c. Reduction in funding for multicultural education d. Increased dropout rates among Black students

b. Above-average performance in reading, writing, and math

What was the primary purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 in the United States? a) To promote racial equality in immigration policies b) To restrict Chinese laborers from immigrating due to fears of job competition and maintaining White racial purity c) To encourage Chinese immigrants to settle in urban areas d) To provide better wages for Chinese laborers in the U.S.

b) To restrict Chinese laborers from immigrating due to fears of job competition and maintaining White racial purity

How do victimization-type surveys contribute to studies on racism? a. By providing a direct measure of institutional discrimination b. By gauging individuals’ perceptions and experiences of racism c. By analyzing systemic economic disparities d. By promoting racial harmony in institutions

b. By gauging individuals’ perceptions and experiences of racism

What act prohibited Chinese immigration and became the first significant law restricting immigration into the U.S., aimed at placating worker demands and maintaining White racial purity? a) Immigration Reform Act b) Chinese Immigration Act c) Chinese Exclusion Act d) Naturalization Act

c) Chinese Exclusion Act

What are the 2 most commonly used surveys that can be used to gauge racism in Canada?

Common types of surveys include: (Victimization-types studies and Social distance surveys)

What are the 2 most commonly used surveys that can be used to gauge racism in Canada? A) Customer experience surveys B) Paper surveys C) Mail surveys D) Victimization-types studies and Social distance surveys

D) Victimization-types studies and Social distance surveys

What type of survey did we discuss in class that can be used to gauge racism in Canada and how it taps into an individual’s sense of being a victim of racism or beliefs that certain groups of people are targets of racism and discrimination?

Victimization-types studies

What type of survey can be used to gauge racism in Canada and taps into an individual’s sense of being a victim of racism or beliefs about certain groups being targets of racism and discrimination? a. Social Distance Surveys b. Victimization Types Studies c. Demographic Surveys d. Public Opinion Polls

b. Victimization Types Studies

What type of survey measures willingness to interact with people of different backgrounds (e.g., living in the same neighborhood, intermarriage, or workplace collaboration) and is used to reveal societal prejudices and the influence of racial or cultural biases on public opinion and social cohesion?

Social distance surveys

Define, Victimization-types studies survey, Written Format!

Taps into an individual’s sense of being a victim of racism or beliefs that certain groups of people are targets of racism and discrimination

Define Social distance surveys, Written Format!

A type of survey measures willingness to interact with people of different backgrounds (e.g., living in the same neighborhood, intermarriage, or workplace collaboration) and is used to reveal societal prejudices and the influence of racial or cultural biases on public opinion and social cohesion.

What type of survey measures societal prejudices and willingness to interact with people from different backgrounds, such as living in the same neighborhood or workplace collaboration? a) Victimization survey b) Social distance survey c) Public opinion poll d) Census questionnaire

b) Social distance survey

What historical factor contributed to the creation of systemic inequities in African colonies? a. Investment in local economies by colonizing powers b. Forced production of cash crops for export markets c. Equitable resource-sharing policies d. Collaboration between African leaders and colonizers explain

b. Forced production of cash crops for export markets

Which of the following is NOT a negative consequence of racial profiling? A) feelings of alienation from police and other social institutions B) diminished sense of citizenship and belonging in the community C) feelings of helplessness, hopeless and fear D) appreciation for hardworking police officers

D) appreciation for hardworking police officers

health inequities are not simply numerical differences between the health outcomes of different groups: they are unjust differences that could be eliminated or reduced by collective action and the right mix of public policies True or false?

true

The Public Health Agency of Canada report highlights “systemic discrimination and under-treatment in hospitals and other healthcare systems.” What form of racism does this exemplify?

Anti-Black Racism

What form of racism is exemplified by the Public Health Agency of Canada’s reference to “systemic discrimination and under-treatment in hospitals and other healthcare systems”? a) Cultural racism b) Institutional racism c) Anti-Black racism d) Interpersonal racism

c) Anti-Black racism

True or False: The "Social determinants and inequities in health for Black Canadians: A Snapshot" report observes that Black Canadians experience health and social inequities linked to processes of discrimination at multiple levels of society, including individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal discrimination.

True

True or False: Health inequities are not simply numerical differences between the health outcomes of different groups; they are unjust differences that could be eliminated or reduced by collective action and the right mix of public policies.

True

True or False: Even with more funding and more Black physicians and practitioners, if anti-Black racism in structures and practice is not addressed, poor health outcomes for Black communities will continue.

True

What term, coined by Robert Entman (1993), refers to the idea of capturing a certain aspect of a story while ignoring other external factors, and making specific elements more salient to promote a particular interpretation or solution? A) Media bias B) Framing C) Agenda-setting D) Selective perception

B) Framing

Framing

Which of the following is NOT a microaggression experienced by Indigenous students, according to Bailey’s (2016) study? a) Cultural misrepresentation in lectures b) Lack of opportunities to learn and use Indigenous knowledge c) High levels of interaction with non-Indigenous students d) Severe social isolation

c) High levels of interaction with non-Indigenous students

What form of racism involves social institutions implementing structures and policies that intentionally disadvantage specific racial groups, including in university settings? a) Individual racism b) Systemic racism c) Cultural racism d) Institutional racism

d) Institutional racism

What form of racism involves social institutions implementing structures and policies that intentionally disadvantage specific racial groups, including in university settings?

Institutional Racism

Define institutional racism, Written Format!

A form of racism involves social institutions implementing structures and policies that intentionally disadvantage specific racial groups, including in university settings.

What type of survey serves as proxy or indirect measures of racial prejudice, measuring the levels of comfort and discomfort people feel toward members of different groups? a) Victimization survey b) Social distance survey c) Public opinion poll d) Census questionnaire

b) Social distance survey

What type of survey serves as proxy or indirect measures of racial prejudice, measuring the levels of comfort and discomfort people feel toward members of different groups?

Social distance survey

(Fill in Blank) _____________________ surveys serve as proxy or indirect measures of racial prejudice. Measure the levels of comfort and discomfort people feel toward members of different groups.

Final Exam Prep Flashcards

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