Final Exam prep Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
What is Employment Equity?
A
The employment of individuals in a fair and nonbiased manner.
2
Q
What does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantee?
A
Fundamental rights to every Canadian, protecting government and public-sector employees.
3
Q
What is the purpose of the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA)?
A
Prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, age, etc.
4
Q
Define Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ).
A
A justifiable reason for discrimination based on business reasons of safety or effectiveness.
5
Q
What is the Meiorin Test used for?
A
To determine if a standard is a BFOR: Rational connection, Good faith, Reasonable necessity.
6
Q
Who are designated groups under employment equity?
A
- Women
- Indigenous people
- Persons with disabilities
- Members of visible minorities
7
Q
List the prohibited grounds of discrimination under CHRA.
A
- Race
- Religion
- Sex
- Age
- National or Ethnic Origin
8
Q
What is Job Analysis?
A
Formal, systematic process for gathering, documenting, and analyzing job work data.
9
Q
What does KSAOs stand for?
A
Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics.
10
Q
What is a Job Description?
A
Document stating an overview of a job’s duties, responsibilities, and functions.
11
Q
What is a Job Specification?
A
Statement of qualifications, personality traits, and skills required to perform the job.
12
Q
Name components of a Job Description.
A
- Job Title
- Job Location
- Job Summary
- Reporting To
- Working Conditions
- Job Duties
- Machines to be Used
- Hazards
13
Q
What are components of a Job Specification?
A
- Qualifications
- Experience
- Training
- Skills
- Responsibilities
- Emotional Characteristics
- Sensory Demands
14
Q
What is Recruitment?
A
Activities to identify and attract potential employees.
15
Q
What is Internal Recruitment?
A
Filling vacancies with existing employees (promotion or transfer).
16
Q
What is External Recruitment?
A
Filling vacancies with external candidates.
17
Q
Define Employer Branding.
A
An organization’s efforts to make itself a desirable place to work.
18
Q
What is the Labour Market?
A
External: Influenced by macroeconomic events; Internal: Workers are hired into entry-level jobs, and higher levels are filled from within.
19
Q
What is Global Sourcing?
A
Searching for and using goods and services worldwide.
20
Q
List methods of Internal Recruitment.
A
- Manager Referrals
- Performance and HR Records
- Replacement Charts
- Skill Inventories
21
Q
List methods of External Recruitment.
A
- Employee/Manager Referrals
- Advertisements (Job Boards)
- Recruiting Agencies/Recruiters
- Passive Job Seekers
- Professional Associations
- Job Fairs and Educational Institutions
- Re-recruiting
- Employee Leasing
22
Q
What is Selection in the context of HR?
A
Choosing individuals with relevant qualifications to fill job openings.
23
Q
What is the goal of Selection?
A
Predict who will succeed and hire them.
24
Q
Define Reliability in selection.
A
Consistency of a measurement.
25
Define Validity in selection.
Accuracy of a measurement.
26
What are the steps in the Selection Process?
* Initial Screening
* Pre-Employment Tests
* Employment Interview
* Post-Interview Testing
* Reaching a Selection Decision
27
What is Initial Screening?
Reviewing cover letters, resumes, and application forms.
28
Objective and standardized measures of KSAOs.
29
What is Concurrent Validity?
The extent to which test scores match criterion data obtained at about the same time from current employees.
30
Name types of Pre-Employment Tests.
* Job Knowledge
* Work Sample
* Cognitive Ability
* Personality and Interest Inventories
* Honesty and Integrity Tests
* Physical Ability Tests
* Medical Examinations
* Drug Testing
31
What is Training?
Focuses on current job requirements.
32
What is Development in the context of HR?
Focuses on future job responsibilities.
33
What is Needs Assessment?
Examines the organization's resources, strategy, and environment to assess the organization's support for training.
34
What is Training Delivery?
Implementation, delivery style, and medium.
35
What are the phases of the Strategic Model of Training?
* Phase 1: Needs Assessment
* Phase 2: Design
* Phase 3: Implementation
* Phase 4: Evaluation
36
What is Performance Management?
Ongoing process of creating a work environment where employees perform at their best.
37
What is Performance Appraisal?
Formal evaluation of an employee’s performance, identifying areas for improvement.
38
What is the Halo Effect?
One trait overshadows overall performance.
39
Define Recency Effect.
Recent events impact evaluation disproportionately.
40
What are Distribution Errors?
* Leniency: Rating too high.
* Severity: Rating too low.
* Central Tendency: Rating everyone in the middle.
41
What are key elements of an Effective Performance Management System?
* Strategic Relevance
* Criterion Deficiency
* Criterion Contamination
* Reliability
42
What is Calibration in performance management?
Managers meet to align evaluations across employees for fairness.
43
What are sources of Feedback in 360-Degree Feedback?
* Manager/Supervisor Review
* Employee Self-Evaluation
* Subordinates Review
* Peer Review
* Team Review
* Customer Review
44
List types of Performance Review Methods.
* Trait-Based Methods
* Behavior-Based Methods
* Results-Based Methods
45
What is Management by Objectives (MBO)?
Employees set goals with their manager.
46
What is the Balanced Scorecard?
Evaluates performance using financial measures, customer feedback, process efficiency, and learning & growth metrics.
47
What are guidelines for Effective Feedback?
* Encourage self-evaluation
* Invite employee participation
* Express appreciation
* Be supportive
* Minimize criticism
* Set mutual goals
* Provide regular follow-ups
48
What are the three factors that affect performance?
* Ability
* Motivation
* Environment
49
What are the types of Compensation?
* Direct: Employee wages, salaries, incentives
* Indirect: Benefits supplied by employers
* Nonfinancial: Employee recognition programs, rewarding jobs, organizational support
50
What is Strategic Compensation?
Linking compensation to organizational objectives.
51
Define Equity theory.
An employee’s perception that compensation is equal to the value of work.
52
What is Expectancy theory?
An employee's perception that if they work harder, they will receive more.
53
What is Collective Bargaining?
Union’s goal to reach a new agreement to achieve an increase in real wages.
54
What is Job Evaluation?
Evaluating the job to determine its worth.
55
What is the Hay Method?
A program using three factors: Knowledge, mental activity, and accountability.
56
What is the purpose of a Wage and Salary Survey?
To determine wages paid to employees of other employers.
57
Do well and get paid for it.
58
What are types of Incentive Pay?
* Individual: Piecework, bonus, merit pay
* Group: Team compensation, Scanlon plan
* Organization: Stock options
59
What are requirements for a Successful Incentive Plan?
* Identify important organizational metrics
* Involve Employees
* Find the right incentive payout
* Establish a clear link between performance and payout
60
What is Lump Sum Merit Pay?
An increase in base pay linked to how successfully an employee achieved objectives.
61
What are elements of an Effective Benefits Program?
* Selection of benefits that address critical employee needs
* Effective administration of benefits
62
What are key objectives of Strategic Benefits Planning?
* Improve employee work satisfaction
* Meet employee health and security requirements
* Attract and motivate employees
* Retain top-performing employees
* Maintain a favorable competitive position
63
What are the two factors that determine the quality of employees' work?
Selection of benefits that address critical employee needs and effective administration of benefits.
64
What are the key objectives of Strategic Benefits Planning?
* Improve employee work satisfaction
* Meet employee health and security requirements
* Attract and motivate employees
* Retain top-performing employees
* Maintain a favorable competitive position
65
How should employee needs be determined?
Through consultation with employees.
66
What should benefits for a diverse workforce reflect?
Social changes, especially in diversity and lifestyles.
67
What are Flexible Benefits Plans?
Benefit plans that enable employees to choose benefits suited to their needs.
68
Why do most employees not use their benefits?
Poor communication of benefits information.
69
What are methods to communicate benefits to employees?
* In-house publication
* Group meetings
* Payroll insets
70
What is a Defined Benefit Plan?
A pension plan that provides benefits until a passing.
71
What is a Defined Contribution Plan?
A pension that establishes the basis on which an employer will contribute to the pension fund.
72
What is a Silver Handshake?
An early retirement incentive in the form of increased pension benefits or cash bonus.
73
What is the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA)?
A law that mandates health and safety regulations in the workplace.
74
What is considered an Occupational Injury?
Any cut, fracture, or sprain resulting from a workplace accident.
75
Who is responsible for ensuring safety in the workplace?
Employers and workers.
76
What are Joint Health and Safety Committees?
Committees required by most jurisdictions to be set up with both union and management.
77
What is the goal of Worker’s Compensation?
To ensure injured workers receive benefits in the form of cash payouts.
78
What are the two main systems controlling job rules?
* Common Law
* Statutory Law
79
What is an Employment Contract?
A legal agreement between a boss and a worker.
80
What is Constructive Dismissal?
When a boss changes the contract significantly without agreement, allowing the worker to quit and sue.
81
What is wrongful dismissal?
When a worker is fired without enough warning or a good reason.
82
What does PIPEDA stand for?
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act.
83
What is the purpose of Disciplinary Policies?
To establish clear rules and ensure reasonable discipline.
84
What are the two types of discipline?
* Progressive Discipline
* Positive (Non-Punitive) Discipline
85
What is Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)?
Structured methods for solving work problems instead of going to court.
86
What are the types of ADR?
* Step-Review System
* Peer-Review System
* Open-Door Policy
* Ombudsperson
* Mediation
* Arbitration
87
What is the role of Ethics in the Workplace?
To define what is right and wrong and create fair workplace rules.
88
What does a Collective Agreement define?
Management rights and union security agreements.
89
What is the impact of Unionization on Management?
Limits on decisions related to subcontracting, productivity, and job content.
90
What are the types of Unions?
* Craft Unions
* Industrial Unions
* Employee Associations
91
What is required for Union Certification?
Unions must submit documentation to the Labour Relations Board for approval.
92
What is the duration of a typical union contract?
Minimum of 1 year, typically up to 3 years.
93
What is the Geocentric Approach in International HRM?
Applying the best HR practices from any country globally.
94
What are Parent Country Nationals (PCNs)?
Employees from the company’s home country sent to work in another country.
95
What challenges might expatriates face?
* Culture shock
* Housing and relocation
96
What is the importance of International HRM?
Helps companies adapt to different laws, cultures, and expectations.
97
What is the Polycentric Approach in International HRM?
Local HR rules and culture are followed in each country.
98
What is the Geocentric Approach in HR practices?
The company picks the best HR practices from any country and applies them everywhere.
## Footnote
An example is the use of flexible work hours because it works well globally.
99
Who are expatriates in the context of international business?
Expatriates (or 'expats') are employees sent to work in another country.
## Footnote
Companies must provide support for various challenges faced by expatriates.
100
What are some challenges faced by expatriates?
* Culture shock
* Housing and relocation
* Family support
* Salary adjustments
101
What is culture shock?
The overwhelming experience of adjusting to new food, language, and lifestyle in a foreign country.
102
What support do expatriates need regarding housing?
Finding a place to live in a new country.
103
What family support might expatriates require?
If they bring family, they need schools and healthcare.
104
Why might salary adjustments be necessary for expatriates?
Pay should match the cost of living in the host country.
105
What types of training are important for international employees?
* Cultural Training
* Language Training
* Job Training
106
What does cultural training involve?
Learning about customs, greetings, and manners.
107
Learning the local language to communicate.
108
What is repatriation?
The process of returning home after working abroad.
109
What support should companies offer during repatriation?
* Career planning
* Counseling
* Financial help
110
What is career planning in the context of repatriation?
Finding a new role in the company after returning home.
111
Why is counseling important for repatriated employees?
Dealing with emotional stress from returning home.
112
What types of compensation adjustments are necessary for international workers?
* Salaries
* Health benefits
* Retirement plans
113
What is home-based pay?
Keeping the same salary as the home country.
114
What is host-based pay?
Adjusting salary to match the host country.
115
What are allowances in the context of international compensation?
Extra money for housing, schooling, and travel.
