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Practical Colour Management > Final Exam Prep > Flashcards

Final Exam Prep Flashcards

Prep for final exam

1
Q

How do you control your printer to get accurate colour? (3 methods)

A

1) Manually adjusting images based on printer response (inaccurate)
2) Software based RIP to manage ICC conversions (professional preferred)
3) Turn off all colour management in printer and have applications manage colour using ICC profiles (best budget way

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2
Q

Describe the process of printer calibration (in-class)

A

1) Print out chart

2) Measure chart with device

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3
Q

Describe the process of monitor calibration (in-class)

A

1) Flashing colours are measured by device and profile meas

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4
Q

What is metamerism? How is this useful in colour management?

A

When two colours with different spectral values appear the same in one lighting condition, but may appear different as the lighting conditions change.

We use it in colour management to create a visually pleasing match bewteen what we see on a monitor (RGB) and what we see in print, essentially two different lighting and colour spaces

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5
Q

What is the CIE?

A

Centre Intenationale d’Eclairage

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6
Q

Who created the first 3D colour spaces in 1928 - 1932, and what was that colour space?

A

John guild + David Wright, XYZ colour space

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7
Q

Why is the LAB colour space so important/what are 3 characteristics of LAB?

A

It is device independent, mathematically created and consistent

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8
Q

What is a colour gamut?

A

The limit or range of colour a specific device can produce

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9
Q

What colour is 255 Red + 255 Green + 255 Blue?

A

White

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10
Q

List 2 examples of Gamut Reduction

A

1) Conversion from RGB to CMYK

2) Printing on uncoated vs coated paper

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11
Q

What does CMM stand for? What does it do?

A

Colour Management Module

The CMM uses a mathematical formula to convert an input ICC Profil to it’s output ICC profile. The CMM will convert the input profile to LAB colour descriptions, and converts those into the most pleasing replica of those colours in the output ICC Profile (depending on rendering intent)

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12
Q

What are the 4 main components of Colour Management? What do they do?

A

1) ICC Profiles - creates a standardized colour code specific to the device
2) CMM - mathematical formula used to translate LAB colour to destination ICC profile
3) PCS - central hub of decoding the ICC codes into a description of colour like LAB
4) Rendering Intents - User choice of HOW input ICC should be converted to output ICC

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13
Q

What are the 4 C’s of Colour Management?

A

Consistency, Calibration, Characterization, Conversion

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14
Q

What does PCS stand for? What is the PCS?

A

Profile Connection Space

This is the central hub of the workflow between the source ICC profile and the destination ICC profile (where the math lives)

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15
Q

How many colours are possible in an 8 bits per channel colour monitor?

A

16.7 million

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16
Q

What are rendering intents?

A

Your input into how you want to convert colour from one gamut to another.

17
Q

What are the 4 rendering intents and what are their characteristics?

A

1) Perceptual - slightly changes ALL colours, preserves relationship between source colours
2) Relative Colormetrics - only modifies out of gamut colours to nearest colour in destination space, white point mapped to destination white point
3) Absolute Colour Metrics - converts to absolute LAB coordinates and does not adjust for whitepoint difference, better for CMYK to CMYK
4) Saturation - tries to produce vivid colours at expense of colour accuracy

18
Q

What is the difference between assigning and converting a profile (in Photoshop)?

A

Assign = colour shift into a different gamut - colours directly mapped to new colour space

Convert = use rendering intents to convert colour and maintains the integrity of the colour

19
Q

What is the “colour event”?

A

When light strikes an object and reflects, and is seen by the human eye

20
Q

What is Delta E?

A

The mathematical distance between 2 colours in a 3 dimensional colour space

21
Q

What are the 3 printing methods in North America?

A

SNAP (Newsprint)
GRACol (High-quality gloss)
SWOP (Magazine gloss, usually default b/c can print on newspaper and be ok)

22
Q

What is GCR? Describe

A

Gray Component Replacement

Removes the CMY from shadows and replacing the colour with black. Main function is to control total amount of ink volume, and makes project more stable and less prone to metamerism

23
Q

What 4 elements are measured when calibrating a monitor?

A

Phosphers (LED or LCD)
Gamma (like gamut)
Brightness/Contrast
Whitepoint (in Kelvins)

24
Q

What is a:

1) Densitometer
2) Colorimeter
3) Spectrophometer

A

1) measures DENSITY of film or volume of ink/pigments - colourblind, used for dot gain
2) Optical measurement instrument that responds to colour, performs CIE calculation - monitor calibration
3) measures spectral data as well as density data, can do the work of both 1 + 2

25
Q

What does printer characterization do?

A

Creates an ICC profile for the printer and the paper being printed on

26
Q

Name 5 process control points for managing an inkjet printer

A

1) What kind of printer is it?
2) What kind of inks does it use
3) What kind of paper is being used
4) Environment (temperature)
5) Print driver settings

27
Q

Name 4 daily/weekly printer maintenance procedures

A

1) Nozzle check for ink flow
2) Alignment of print heads
3) Control chart printing
4) File of past charts for comparison and performance tracking

28
Q

What does ICC stand for?

A

International Colour Consortium

29
Q

What is the industry standard for tolerance for colour variation?

A

Delta E of 3

30
Q

What is the visual spectral range of human vision?

A

720nm - 380nm

31
Q

What is the spectral range of Red:

A

720 - 620 (100)

32
Q

What is the spectral range of Orange:

A

620 - 590 (30)

33
Q

What is the spectral range of Yellow:

A

590 - 570 (20)

34
Q

What is the spectral range of Green:

A

495 - 570 (75)

35
Q

What is the spectral range of Blue:

A

450 - 495 (45)

36
Q

What is the spectral range of Violet

A

450 - 380 (70)

37
Q

What is the printing industry standard viewing conditions for consistent colour across the globe?

A

D50 lighting (5000 Kelvin) with neutral gray background

38
Q

What is interpolation?

A

Interpolation works with the CMM to fill in the gaps between specific points of colour. The ICC Profile provides a lookup table, and the CMM uses a mathematical formula to interpolate the missing colours between each point

Practical Colour Management (1 decks)

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